市售食用槟榔微生物污染状况调查分析

目的 了解市售食用槟榔的微生物污染状况,加强槟榔生产加工管理。方法 随机抽取市场上销售的食用槟榔,按国标法进行菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌检测。结果 共检测槟榔样品441份,总合格率89.8%。其中菌落总数超标24份(5.4%),霉菌超标22份(5.0%),无大肠菌群、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌超标样品。定型包装产品合格率高于散装产品。4个季度生产加工的槟榔样品微生物指标合格率差异无显著性。结论食用槟榔有一定程度的微生物污染,应加强槟榔原料保存、生产、包装的卫生管理。     

合肥市屠宰生猪肉样沙门菌的PCR快速检测

目的:了解合肥市屠宰生猪肉样中沙门菌的污染状况。方法:应用聚合酶链式反应(polym erase chain reaction,PCR)对200份生猪肉样进行沙门菌的快速检测,并与常规法检测结果以及国内其他11个城市生猪肉样沙门菌的检出率作比较分析。结果:200份生猪肉样中沙门菌检出率为20%(40/200),污染率处于较高水平,而常规法的检出率为13%(26/200)。结论:合肥市生猪肉样中沙门菌的污染状况较为严重,存在发生食源性沙门菌病的潜在危险,PCR技术对沙门菌检测时间仅需2 d,与常规法相比,快速、简便、准确的优势特点使其成为调查食源性沙门菌的有用工具。     

江苏省肉鸡屠宰环节胴体沙门菌污染状况分析

目的了解江苏肉鸡屠宰过程中胴体沙门菌污染情况,为屠宰环节肉鸡胴体沙门菌风险评估提供依据。方法采集不同季节屠宰过程中的肉鸡胴体进行沙门菌定性及定量检验,并对检出的沙门菌进行血清学分型。结果 150份样品中检出沙门菌71份,污染率47.3%,其中夏、秋季(预冷后采样)污染率均为36.0%,冬季(预冷前采样)污染率70.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。夏、秋季鸡胴体沙门菌污染量≤1.0MPN/g的占93.0%,所有样品污染量均<2.0MPN/g;冬季沙门菌污染量≤1.0MPN/g的占86.0%,其中1份样品污染量为3.8MPN/g。检出的沙门菌血清型集中在1～3种。结论屠宰厂肉鸡胴体沙门菌污染率与屠宰预冷处理环节有关,以鸡胴体间的交叉污染为主。     

2019年中国市售水果干制品中微生物污染状况

目的 了解中国水果干制品中微生物的污染状况和特征.方法 2019年在全国采集市售水果干制品2917份,按照GB 4789规定方法检测产品中菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、酵母、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌.结果 2917份样品中有5.01％的样品菌落总数＞104 CFU/g,2.98％的样品大肠菌群＞102 CFU/g.34...     

中国四省肉鸡生产加工环节沙门菌的污染及耐药谱分布状况

目的 调查中国肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工环节沙门菌的污染及抗生素耐药谱分布状况.方法 2010年在河南、江苏、四川和山东省选择5家规模化养殖场和14家屠宰加工厂,分别采用肛拭法和整禽漂洗法检测835份肉鸡活体和744份肉鸡胴体中的沙门菌,比较不同样品沙门菌污染率的差异根据Kauffmann-White表对沙门菌菌株进行血清学鉴定,应用微量肉汤稀释法检测菌株对16种抗生素的耐药分布情况.结果 835份肉鸡活体肛拭样品中有56份检出沙门菌,阳性率为6.7％;744份肉鸡胴体样品中有122份检出沙门菌,阳性率为16.4％,肉鸡胴体沙门菌的检出率高于肉鸡活体(x2=36.94,P＜0.05).肉鸡活体中沙门菌的优势血清型为印第安纳沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌,分别占 58.9％ (33/56)和32.1％ (18/56);肉鸡胴体中沙门 菌的优势血清型与肉鸡活体相同,印第安纳沙门菌和肠炎沙门 菌分别占29.8％ (37/124)和32.2％ (40/124).180株沙门菌分离株耐药率高达95.0％ (171/180),多重耐药菌株达78.3％ (141/180),有20株菌耐14种抗生素,占11.1％.结论 中国肉鸡生产和加工环节沙门菌污染严重,且屠宰加工环节肉鸡胴体沙门菌的污染率高于生产环节肉鸡活体的污染率;肉鸡中沙门菌耐药形势严峻.     

近5年吉林省人参制品微生物检测结果分析

目的了解吉林省2010-2014年人参制品微生物污染状况。方法按照GB 4789-2010方法对吉林省近5年25家生产企业送检的104份人参样品进行微生物检测和分析。结果 104份样品的菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌合格率100.0%,霉菌和酵母合格率93.3%。结论吉林省人参食品微生物污染较低,但仍需加强对该类产品的卫生监督。     

2003～2007年湖州市熟肉制品微生物污染情况分析

目的:了解湖州市熟肉制品的污染情况。方法:按国家标准方法对湖州市宾馆、饭店、农贸市场采集的熟肉制品进行菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌检测。结果:检测938份样品,菌落总数合格率为77.19%,大肠菌群合格率为60.34%,致病菌合格率为99.57%。样品的总合格率为60.98%。结论:湖州市熟肉制品合格率偏低,不合格主要由大肠菌群污染所致,同时存在菌落总数超标。卫生监督部门必须加强对熟肉制品的生产、加工、销售等各个环节的监督管理。     

河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰加工过程中沙门菌污染监测

目的了解河南省肉鸡养殖和屠宰过程中沙门菌的污染状况,为食品安全风险评估提供数据支持。方法选择肉鸡产品销量占河南省市场60%以上的养殖场和屠宰场,于2010年6~10月份在肉鸡养殖环节采集成年鸡肛拭子、在屠宰环节采集鸡酮体按照GB4789.4-2010进行沙门菌定性或/和定量检测。结果共检测368只鸡肛拭子,沙门氏菌检出率8.7%;186份鸡酮体,检出率24.2%。鸡肛拭子检出率最高的月份是7、8月、鸡酮体检出率较高的月份分布在6、8月份;两类样本检出沙门菌血清型前3位一致,均为印第安纳、肠炎和哈达尔沙门菌。鸡酮体沙门菌污染量较低,91.1%在10MPN/g以下。检出沙门菌均具有invA基因。肉鸡胴体和活鸡肛拭子分离沙门菌均具有严重的多重耐药现象,活鸡肛拭子沙门菌较胴体沙门菌耐药严重。结论肉鸡沙门菌的污染取决于肉鸡携带沙门菌和养殖环境中沙门菌的污染状况,并通过屠宰过程使污染扩大化和复杂化。宰后酮体鸡沙门菌的含量不高,但是沙门菌的存在将对食品安全造成潜在危害。分离沙门菌菌株耐药现象严重,提示政府要加大监测力度,养殖部门要合理使用抗生素。     

深圳市福田区寿司店鱼生制品卫生状况分析

目的了解深圳市福田区寿司店鱼生制品卫生状况。方法对福田区寿司店的鱼生制品进行随机抽样，采用GB／T 4789．1—2003《食品卫生微生物学检验》检测样品的感观、菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结果共抽检鱼生制品45份，合格25份，合格率为55．6％；不合格的20份样品中，菌落总数超标8份，大肠菌群超标1份，菌落总数与大肠菌群均超标为9份，检出金黄色葡萄球菌2份。结论深圳市福田区寿司店鱼生制品卫生状况不容忽视，需要增强相关经营者的卫生质量意识，确保加工过程的卫生安全。     

2015年青海省海西地区学生营养早餐食源性微生物监测

目的了解海西地区学生营养早餐的卫生状况,正确评价各学校营养早餐从采购、储存、制作、加工各环节的卫生情况,从而为制定可行的整改措施提供依据。方法采集早餐样品进行菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测结果在8个地区采集早餐样品100份,共检出细菌总数超标3份,大肠菌群超标1份,大肠埃希菌1株,沙门菌1株,金黄色葡萄球菌1株,阳性率7.0%,部分学校营养早餐卫生状况堪忧。结论海西地区学生营养早餐总体卫生情况达标率93%,进一步提高学生在校就餐的安全性,提升学校食品安全的管理水平,确保营养早餐工程的顺利实施。     

2006年郑州市非发酵性豆制品卫生状况调查

目的了解郑州市非发酵性豆制品卫生状况。方法2006年4月按照随机采样原则、利用无菌操作技术分别在郑州市经一路、纬二路、黄河路部分便利超市和集贸市场进行采样,菌落总数和大肠菌群检测按照GB/T4789.2,3-2003,沙门氏菌、O157∶H7、单核细胞增生李斯特菌检测参照《国家食源性疾病监测网工作手册》。结果80份样品菌落总数和大肠菌群均严重超标,4份检出单核细胞增生李斯特菌。结论郑州市非发酵性豆制品卫生状况严峻,应加强卫生管理。     

便携式食品微生物检验箱的研究

本检验箱采用手提公文箱式结构,重量6.75kg,箱体由玻璃钢材料制成。适用于部队或地方基层单位进行食品中菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌和葡萄球菌等的检验。对食品微生物检验技术方法,在国家标准方法的基础上,作了较大的简化、改进和提高。     

宁波市江东区2004～2007年熟肉制品卫生状况分析

目的:了解2004~2007年宁波市江东区熟肉制品基本卫生状况。方法:按照《食品卫生检验方法理化部分》和《食品卫生微生物学检验》检测亚硝酸盐、大肠菌群、菌落总数、致病菌4个指标并进行比较。结果:连续4年检测熟肉制品,特别是2005年以来,亚硝酸盐合格率有了明显的提高,而大肠菌群、菌落总数的合格率则略有下降,致病菌检出率低。结论:2005年《熟肉制品卫生标准》修改后,亚硝酸盐添加剂指标基本受到较好的控制,致病菌卫生状况良好,微生物卫生指标污染还待加强。建议有关执法部门应对重点季节、重点单位、重点环节加强卫生监督管理。     

昌平区餐饮业冷荤间熟肉类制品卫生状况调查

目的:了解本区自开展委托检测以来餐饮业冷荤间熟肉类制品的卫生状况,探索影响熟肉类制品卫生状况的因素。方法:检测所采样品的细菌总数、大肠菌群、致病菌(沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及志贺菌)。结果:熟肉类样品检测合格率由高到低依次为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季;菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌的超标率分别为53.4%、17.7%、0%。结论:餐饮业冷荤间熟肉类制品委托检测结果合格率偏低,应加强卫生监管。     

Effect of the implementation of HACCP on the microbiological quality of meals at a university restaurant

A study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality, including total mesophilic counts and markers of bacteriological hygiene, as indicator of food safety of three categories of the most consumed meals in a university restaurant, before and after implementation of the HACCP system and personnel training. Cold gastronomy products, cooked warm-served products, and cooked cold-served products were tested for bacterial contamination. Throughout the experiment, 894 samples were examined for total counts of aerobic bacteria, counts of indicator organisms (coliform organisms and Escherichia coli) and pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes). Implementation of the HACCP system, together with training in personnel hygiene, good manufacturing practices, and cleaning and sanitation procedures, resulted in lower aerobic plate counts and a lower incidence of S. aureus, coliform organisms, E. coli, and B. cereus, whereas Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not found in all samples studied. The microbial results of this study demonstrate that personnel training together with HACCP application contributed to improve the food safety of meals served in the restaurant studied.     

Microbial evaluation of some heat treated turkey products at different processing stages

Random samples at the three processing stages of turkey keshta, turkey rosto, turkey luncheon and turkey frankfurter (20 samples for each stage were collected). For luncheon and frankfurter, 20 samples of each of thighs and breast represents the 1 st stage of processing were also taken. These samples were obtained from some meat processing plants at Alexandria province to make a total of 280 samples. The samples were examined microbiologically and the results revealed that, the total aerobic bacterial count in the examined Keshta and rosto shows their highest count in the 1st stage and gradually decreased in the 2nd and 3rd stages. On the other hand, the total aerobic bacterial count in luncheon and frankfurter samples slightly increased in the 2nd stage and then decreased in the 3rd stage. The Coliform count also shows its highest count in the 1st stage and decreased in the 2nd stage and could not be detected from the 3rd stage of keshta and rosto samples, while it increased slightly in 2nd stage and could not be detected in the 3rd stage for luncheon and frankfurter samples. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were higher in the 1st stage than in the 2nd stage of processing of the examined keshta and rosto samples while they were higher in the 2nd stage than in the 1st one in luncheon and frankfurter samples but could not be detected from the 3rd stage in all products. Both Clostridium perfningens and Salmonella could not be detected in the examined turkey products at the different processing stages. The total mould and yeast counts in the examined products showed highest count in the 1st stage and decreased in the 2nd stage and could not be detected in keshta and rosto in 3rd stage while in frankfurter samples the counts in the 1st and 2nd stages were nearly the same and decreased in the 3rd stage but in luncheon samples the count was slightly increased in the 2nd stage and not detected in the 3rd stage. The public health significance of microorganisms as well as the suggested hygienic measures in order to improve the quality of the examined turkey products were discussed.     

合肥菜市场肉砧板表面微生物污染的调查研究

目的:了解菜市场中猪肉砧板表面的微生物污染情况。方法:参考相关国家标准对肉砧板表面上的菌落总数,霉菌和酵母和大肠菌群三个指标进行了检测。结果:所有抽检砧板的三个指标均检出。其中,污染最轻的肉砧板的菌落总数为43 CFU/cm2,霉菌和酵母为17 CFU/cm2,大肠菌群为19 CFU/cm2;污染最严重的肉砧板,三指标分别为2500 CFU/cm2,1300 CFU/cm2,40 CFU/cm2;纸箱板覆面砧板的微生物污染比木质砧板严重。结论:国家必须尽快制定和颁布实施肉砧板表面的卫生标准,以消除对人民健康的潜在威胁。     

江苏省2016—2017年熟肉制品生产加工过程致病菌监测结果

目的 科学客观地了解常见熟肉制品生产过程中每个阶段致病菌分布情况、监控措施、控制效果和可能产生交叉污染的环节,发现致病菌污染的风险。方法 收集酱卤肉类、肉灌肠类、熟肉干制品类生产加工过程中环境、原辅料、中间产品、成品、终产品等同批次样品1 068份,依据食品安全国家标准方法进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测。应用SPSS 20.0版本软件进行统计学分析,率的比较根据适用条件,分别使用χ2检验和校正χ2检验。结果 2016—2017年进入生产厂家采集环境、原辅料、中间产品、成品、终产品样品共计1 068份,检出致病菌污染样品88份,检出率8.2%（88/1 068）;其中环境样品713份,检出致病菌污染样品21份,污染率2.9%(21/713);食品样品355份,检出致病菌污染样品67份,污染率18.9%（67/355）。结论 江苏省熟肉制品生产加工过程中存在致病菌污染,容易发生交叉污染和二次污染,应加强检测和监控。     

江苏省2008-2009年肉类和水产品食源性致病菌监测

目的了解江苏省肉类和水产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况。方法按照GB/T 4789《中华人民共和国国家标准食品卫生微生物学检验》方法对采自江苏省13个市的肉类和水产品共计990份进行沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157、弯曲菌和副溶血性弧菌检测。结果 990份肉类和水产品中共检出致病菌161株,总检出率为16.26%,生肉类、熟肉类食品、鲜冻水产品、生食水产品检出率分别为26.32%、7.37%、17.78%、14.78%;不同地区样品中,泰州市食源性致病菌总检出率最高,为37.97%,其次为南京市和扬州市;采自农贸批发市场、超市和商店、饭店和食堂的样品中食源性致病菌检出率分别为22.99%、15.37%、6.76%。结论江苏省肉类和水产品中食源性致病菌污染比较严重,熟肉制品和生食水产品直接入口,可能导致较高的食源性疾病风险。     

The application of the hazard analysis and control points (HACCP) in an ice cream production plant

The HACCP system is applied in the present study as a preventive food safety approach to control some hazards appearing in one of the ice cream production plants in Egypt. The problem comprised the presence of bacteriological and some chemical contamination in most of the company products. Before applying the HACCP system, the samples examination showed high total mesophilic plat count in 50% of the samples and high coliform count in all samples compared to the level recommended in the Egyptian standards. The highest staphylococcal count (negative for coagulase test) obtained was that of chocolate (1.3 x 10(4) CFU/g) followed by mango ice cream (l.0 x 10(4) CFU/g). Faecal coliform was only positive in mango ice cream. Additionally, the levels of lead, iron and copper have been determined. Copper was higher than the recommended level in all samples and ranged between 0.46 ppm in pistachio ice cream and 2.48 ppm in chocolate ice cream. Most of the CCPs in the ice cream production were mainly due to improper handling and practices throughout the processing steps and also related to the lack of food hygiene knowledge of the workers. The application of HACCP system has successfully reduced the bacteriological hazards in all samples. After applying the corrective actions, the highest total aerobic plate count (8.0 x 10(4)) was that of Swiss chocolate ice cream which corresponds to 50% of the recommended level by the Egyptian standards. Coliform count was less than 10 in all samples except mango ice cream (43 MPN). A significant decrease in staphylococcal count, faecal coliform and trace metal contamination was also recorded in all samples.