Heart and carotid artery disease in stroke patients with intermittent claudication

Much has been published on the natural history of intermittent claudication (IC), but little is known about the clinical features of stroke patients with IC. The purpose of this study was to examine clinical features and risk factors in stroke patients with or without IC, including heart disease and carotid artery disease. A hospital-based study was conducted of 3901 stroke patients, who were prospectively coded and entered into a computerized databank. Of these patients, 219 had symptoms of IC. Patients were subdivided by age into 10-year categories. There were at least 12 times more non-IC than IC patients in each category. An age-matched random sample was obtained containing 12 non-IC cases for each IC case, resulting in 219 cases of IC and 2628 non-IC cases. The prevalence of IC in the total stroke population was 5.6%. IC prevalence increased sharply with age until about 70 years. Cardiac ischaemia and internal carotid artery (ICA) disease were significantly more frequent in stroke with IC than without IC. IC patients also exhibited a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic disease as well as other risk factors such as smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, elevated haematocrit, and family history of stroke. Ischaemic heart disease and ICA disease are especially common in stroke with IC. IC, large artery disease and stroke share similar risk factors. IC symptoms in stroke patients may indicate extensive generalized atherosclerosis.     

替米沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗冠心病并发脑梗死的疗效

目的探讨替米沙坦联合阿托伐他汀钙对冠心病并发脑梗死患者神经功能恢复及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平的影响。方法选取三门峡市中心医院2014-12—2016-12收治的79例冠心病并发脑梗死患者,随机分组,观察组40例,对照组39例,对照组予以利尿、吸氧、控制饮食等常规治疗,观察组于常规治疗基础上予以替米沙坦+阿托伐他汀钙治疗,观察比较2组临床治疗效果、神经功能评分(ESS)及血清Hcy、Cys-C水平,并统计比较2组不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率为92.50%(37/40),高于对照组71.79%(28/39),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组ESS评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清Hcy、Cys-C水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为15.00%(6/40),对照组为7.69%(3/39),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论替米沙坦与阿托伐他汀钙联合治疗冠心病并发脑梗死,效果显著,安全性高,可改善患者血清同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C水平,促进神经功能恢复。     

116例大脑中动脉病变患者脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常分析

目的 应用神经影像检查,分析大脑中动脉闭塞性疾病(MCAOD)患者梗死类型分布和脑灌注异常. 方法 对经CT血管造影(CTA)证实的116例MCAOD患者的CT平扫、CT灌注成像(CTP)和CTA的影像资料进行回顾性分析,确定其脑梗死类型分布和脑灌注改变. 结果 116例患者中,CTA共检出133条大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄或闭塞,其中单侧者99例,双侧者17例.其中MCA闭塞25条,重度狭窄39条,中、轻度狭窄69条.CT或MRI显示腔隙性脑梗死(LIS)45例,各型分水岭脑梗死(CWSI)38例,流域性脑梗死26例,纹状体内囊梗死(SCI)10例,未检出梗死病灶14例.CTP显示MCA供血区内脑血流灌注异常96例,其中58例有MCA供血区的大范围血流灌注减低.未检出血流灌注异常者37例. 结论 由于MCA狭窄的部位、程度和发病机制的不同以及侧支循环的建立,MCAOD可造成不同类型的脑梗死和血流灌注异常.     

Depression, mortality, and medical morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease.

There is substantial evidence that depression is a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality, both for patients without clinical evidence of coronary heart disease at index examination and for patients with established coronary disease. The relationship is most apparent for patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Many questions about the impact of depression on heart disease remain unresolved.     

Hypertension and coronary heart disease risk factor management

The primary goal in the treatment of essential hypertension is to reduce all end organ damage, not simply to reduce blood pressure. Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological therapy has reduced some, but not all, of these complications. In order to achieve maximal decrease in morbidity and mortality in hypertensive related diseases the overall impact of antihypertensive drug therapy on the pathogenesis of damage to each end organ must be considered.The pharmacological therapy of mild hypertension has reduced complications of most pressure related (arteriolar) damage such as cerebrovascular accidents, congestive heart failure, and some cases of chronic renal failure, but atherosclerotic complications, coronary heart disease, angina, myocardial infarction and sudden death have not been convincingly reduced.A more pathophysiologic and individualized approach to the treatment of hypertension is recommended in place of the traditional stepped care approach which has primarily emphasized diuretics and beta blockers as initial therapy. This new approach in the subsets of hypertension, which is based on eight parameters: (1) Pathophysiology; (2) Haemodynamics; (3) End organ damage; (4) Concomitant medical diseases and problems; (5) Demographics; (6) Adverse effects of drugs and quality of life; (7) Compliance with medication regimen; (8) Total health care costs: direct and indirect costs.Hypertension is not just a disorder of increased intraarterial pressure, but in fact, a syndrome of commonly associated genetic and/or acquired abnormalities including dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, renal abnormalities, structural abnormalities of smooth muscle, and abnormal cellular cation transport or membranopathy. This leads to acceleration of arterial damage, atherosclerosis and a greater incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications. Recognition of the hypertension syndrome and these concepts will hopefully lead to a more rational and logical approach to the treatment of hypertension and also a reduction in coronary heart disease.     

内蒙古通辽市脑梗死和冠心病危险因素对比分析

目的探索内蒙古通辽市人群脑梗死与冠心病危险因素的分布差异。方法选择内蒙古通辽市2级以上综合医院共10家,抽取3级综合医院3家,2级综合医院3家。对所选医院2003年到2005年病案室神经内科和心血管内科所有符合调查的病历进行回顾性调查分析。结果当地人群脑梗死和冠心病的基线资料除既往糖尿病史没有统计学意义外,其它各项调查指标均有统计学意义。单因素Logistic回归分析结果,13个因素中性别、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、胆固醇等8个有统计学意义。对这8个变量进行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,性别、民族、既往高血压史、胆固醇、吸烟、高血压6个变量具有统计学意义。结论有统计学意义的因素除吸烟外,其它5项对脑梗死的影响,相对于冠心病较大。     

急性缺血性与出血性卒中危险因素的对比研究

目的通过对1个大样本的医院脑卒中注册资料的分析,观察各种危险因素在脑卒中患者中的发生率,并对脑梗死与脑出血的危险因素,特别是心脏和动脉病变的因素进行比较。方法研究资料来自瑞士洛桑卒中注册的卒中患者共3901例,其中脑梗死3525例,脑出血376例,均预先对各项临床和辅助资料进行编码,输入计算机数据库。所有病例均进行系统的临床和辅助检查,心脏病变经心电图和超声心动图证实;颈内动脉和椎基底动脉的病变采用彩色超声多普勒、磁共振血管成像或常规脑血管造影确诊。结果高血压在脑出血和脑梗死患者中的发生率分别为53.7%和46.7%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压是本组脑卒中最突出的危险因素,其后依次是吸烟、轻度颈内动脉狭窄(≤50%)、高胆固醇血症、短暂性脑缺血发作、糖尿病以及心脏缺血。多因素分析研究发现,本组卒中患者无论是男性还是女性,吸烟、高胆固醇血症、短暂性脑缺血发作、心房纤颤、器质性心脏疾病以及动脉病变是脑梗死而非脑出血密切相关的危险因素。易患脑出血的惟一显著相关的危险因素是高血压(OR=0.64,P<0.01);心脏和动脉病变患者更容易发生脑梗死,但是,器质性心脏病和轻度颈内动脉狭窄在全体卒中患者中均特别常见。结论缺血性卒中和出血性卒中的危险因素并不一致,心脏和动脉病变是脑梗死而非脑出血的重要的危险因素,某些危险因素还存在性别差异。     

冠心病的社会心理因素分析

目的:研究冠心病患者社会心理因素的特点及影响因素。方法:运用生活事件量表(LES)、A型行为量表(TABPSQ)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、应付方式问卷(CS)、社会支持问卷(SSS),测定48例冠心病患者(患者组)病前遭遇的生活事件、人格特征、应付方式、社会支持、患病后的心身健康状况及其影响因素,以50名正常健康者为对照。结果:患者组本次患病前经历的生活事件频数及紧张值:TABPSQ评分,消极应付方式评分:抑郁及焦虑分值均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。CS的积极应付评分,社会支持总分减低(P<0.05)。家族史、生活事件紧张总值、A型行为和抑郁为冠心病的危险因素,积极应付方式和社会支持为疾病的保护因子。结论:冠心病患者有特殊的心理社会特征和心身健康状况,应采取积极的社会心理干预措施。     

冠心病患者的心理社会因素量表分析

目的研究冠心病患者社会心理因素的特点及影响。方法运用生活事件量表、A型行为量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷,测定48例冠心病患者及50例正常对照组病前遭遇的生活事件、人格特征、应付方式、社会支持、患病后的心身健康状况及其影响因素。结果病例组本次患病前所经历的生活事件频数及紧张值,A型行为评分,消极应付方式评分,抑郁及焦虑分值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。积极应付评分,社会支持总分减低(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论生活事件紧张总值、A型行为和抑郁是冠心病的危险因素,而积极应付方式和社会支持为疾病的保护因子。冠心病患者具有特殊的心理社会特征和心身共病状况,应采取积极的社会心理干预措施。     

急性心肌梗塞继发脑梗塞——(附5例尸检报告)

报告经尸检证实的急性心肌梗塞(AMI)继发脑梗塞(CI)5例。CI灶位于大脑中动脉区4例(左3、右1),前动脉区1例;新鲜与陈旧心梗并存4例,心脏动脉瘤、左室内附壁血栓(MT)、二尖辨狭窄各2例;心主动脉、脑基底动脉及大脑中动脉粥样硬化Ⅲ～Ⅳ度5例。与同期AMI尸检无CI13例心脑病理临床资料作比较,认为CI发生除心源性脑栓塞外,低血压、脑动脉粥样硬化也是重要因素,提出AMI早期应用抗凝治疗、及时纠正心衰和低血压,避免MT的形成与脱落是防治CI发生的重要措施。     

急性缺血性与出血性脑卒中危险因素的对比研究

目的 探讨各种危险因素在脑卒中患者中的构成比,并对脑梗死与脑出血的危险因素进行比较,为脑卒中防治提供依据.方法 收集1995-2002年福建医科大学附属第一医院急性脑卒中住院病例1875例,其中缺血性脑卒中1504例,出血性脑卒中371例;男1216例,女659例;平均年龄(73.42±10.35)岁,对两种脑卒中类型的多种危险因素进行描述性对比分析研究.结果 高血压、脉压增大是本组脑卒中患者突出的危险因素.相对于脑出血,与脑梗死相关更密切的危险因素依次是房颤(OR=3.942)、糖尿病(OR=3.674)、肥胖(OR=3.647)、高纤维蛋白原(OR=2.781)、高血压家族史(OR=2.573)、高LDL-C(OR=2.167)、高甘油三酯(OR=1.976)、吸烟(OR=1.849)、年龄增大(OR=1.588)、低Apo A(OR=1.460)(P＜0.05).相对脑梗死,仅高血压(OR=0.545)和饮酒(OR=0.662)与脑出血有更显著的相关性(P＜0.05).除共同危险因素外,高尿酸血症和低HDL-C血症与男性脑梗死关系更密切,而肥胖、高LDL-C及高纤维蛋白原血症与女性脑梗死相关性更强.结论 高血压、饮酒是脑出血患者主要的危险因素.相对于脑出血,与脑梗死相关密切的危险因素除了高血压外,依次为房颤、糖尿病、肥胖、高纤维蛋白原、高血压家族史、高LDL-C等.不同危险因素对男女脑梗死的影响不同.     

Risk factors for coronary heart disease among inpatients who have mild intellectual disability and mental illness

Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. The aim of this study was to screen inpatients with mild or borderline intellectual disability, many of whom also have mental illness, for risk factors for CHD. Methods Cross sectional survey. Participants were interviewed, measured and had blood samples taken. Results Of the 53 participants, 20 (37.7%) were overweight and 18 (34.0%) obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) of those participants prescribed regular antipsychotics was higher than those who were not. Nine (20.9%) had waist circumference measurements placing them at increased risk of CHD and 21 (48.8%) were at substantially increased risk. Twenty-eight (52.8%) were current smokers. Of the 49 participants who had their blood pressure measured, 3 (6.1%) had readings above the reference range. Of the 19 participants who had random blood tests, one (5.3%) had an elevated cholesterol level. Conclusions In this population there was a high prevalence of two risk factors for CHD (obesity and smoking), requiring ongoing monitoring and long-term measures to reduce risk.     

尿激酶溶栓联合阿司匹林治疗风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落致脑栓塞的疗效

目的 分析尿激酶溶栓联合阿司匹林在风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落所致脑栓塞治疗中的应用价值.方法 应用随机数字表法,将60例风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落所致脑栓塞患者分为2组,每组30例.对照组接受包括阿司匹林在内的常规治疗,观察组接受联合尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林治疗,对比2组治疗效果.结果 对照组治疗前后NIHSS评分及ADL评分无明显变化(P＞0.05),观察组治疗前后NIHSS评分呈下降趋势,ADL评分呈升高趋势(P＜0.05);2组治疗前NIHSS评分及ADL评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而观察组治疗1d、2d及3d时NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P＜0.05).2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 联合尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林可有效改善风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落致脑栓塞的疗效.     

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease among patients with sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract We investigated the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and the presence of coronary risk factors involved in the onset of IHD in 386 subjects with suspected SAS due to heavy snoring. The prevalence of IHD among patients with untreated SAS was found to be 23.8%, and the percentage of patients having SAS complicated with IHD was high among those with moderate or severe SAS. Sleep apnea syndrome patients with IHD also showed high prevalences of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. It appears that sleep apnea aggravates the factors that cause coronary vascular disorders, and is involved in the onset of IHD.     

阿托伐他汀联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗冠心病并脑梗死的效果

目的：研究阿托伐他汀联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗冠心病合并脑梗死的临床效果。方法2011-01-2013-01我院96例患者被诊断为冠心病合并脑梗死。以随机数字法随机分成观察组（48例）和对照组（48例）。对照组口服苯磺酸氨氯地平,观察组在对照组的基础上口服阿托伐他汀钙片。对比2组疗效及血脂水平。结果观察组疗效显著高于对照组。结论阿托伐他汀联合苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗冠心病合并脑梗死,可明显提升治疗效果,可减少并发症的发生,值得临床推荐。     

脑梗塞合并冠心病36例临床分析

本文报告36例脑梗塞合并冠心病,其中男26例,女10例,脑梗塞合并心绞痛16例,心肌梗塞7例,隐性冠心病13例,死亡10例,主要死因有心力衰竭、肾功能衰竭、脑水肿并脑疝。对脑梗塞与冠心病同时存在的病理生理机制进行了讨论。为了提高诊疗水平,作者强调详细询问病史、认真体查、及时监测心脑功能和二病同治的原则,并应积极消除致病因素。     

脑分水岭梗死与冠心病心力衰竭关系的研究

目的探讨脑分水岭梗死(CWI)与冠心病心力衰竭的关系。方法回顾性分析我院收治的76例冠心病心力衰竭合并CWI患者的临床资料和影像学资料。结果76例患者中心功能3级50例,4级26例,均经CT或MRI证实为幕上CWI,其中皮质前型26例(34．2%),皮质后型31例(40．8%),皮质下型19例(25．0%)。经纠正心力衰竭、脑保护剂、抗血小板聚集和改善循环等治疗,62例患者心功能和神经功能均明显改善,6例死于顽固性心力衰竭,5例死于继发脑干梗死呼吸循环衰竭,3例猝死。结论冠心病心力衰竭患者因脑灌注压降低易合并CWI,通过积极纠正心力衰竭和调控血压等治疗,大多预后良好。     

脑血管病患者血浆中同型半胱氨酸的丰度及相关性研究

目的研究血浆中同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的丰度在脑血管病患者中的分布及变化,观察它与脑血管病发生及其他相关危险因素间的关系。方法收集257例经临床及影像学确诊的脑血管病（包括脑梗死、脑出血、短暂性脑缺血发作）患者的临床资料,对其血浆Hcy水平与脑血管病发生及其他危险因素进行相关性研究,数据用SPSS13.0统计软件分析。结果脑梗死、脑出血、短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）三组的Hcy水平明显高于正常对照组,高血压病、高脂血症与Hcy水平呈正相关,高Hcy血症与脑血管病发生呈显著正相关。结论高Hcy血症与脑血管病发生有关,是脑血管病的独立危险因素。     

血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平变化对急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的影响

目的探讨血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1与急性缺血性脑卒中之间的关系。方法74例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,分别于发病48h内(第1次)、7d～8d(第2次)和12d～14d(第3次)采集血液标本,采用固相酶联化学荧光免疫分析方法检测血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平,并与对照组进行比较。脑卒中患者于发病后48h内(急诊首诊时)及发病后12d～14d进行两次神经功能缺损程度评分(CSS1和CSS2),通过两次评分的差值(CSS1-CSS2)判断预后。结果74例急性缺血性脑卒中患者第1、2次血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1检测水平明显低于正常对照组(t=3.713,2.032;P<0.05或P<0.01)。比较不同梗死面积组之间血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的变化显示,大面积梗死组患者血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平最低,与中、小梗死面积组相应时限比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。不同预后组之间,以病情加重组患者第1次血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1检测水平最低,与其他各组(明显改善、改善、无变化及对照组)相同时限测值相比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。相关性分析显示,两次神经功能缺损程度评分差值与3次不同时限血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1水平均存在明显相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论(1)胰岛素样生长因子-1可能参与急性缺血性脑卒中的病理生理学机制,对缺血性脑卒中患者有神经保护作用,可能成为急性缺血性脑卒中的一种治疗方法。(2)血浆胰岛素样生长因子-1对判断急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床预后有一定价值,特别是根据发病48h内其水平变化的情况能够及早判断患者预后。     

EDAS术治疗烟雾病的血流动力学分析

目的 应用计算流体力学方法,通过数值模拟技术,分析研究烟雾病术前、术后的血流动力学变化.方法 64例缺血型烟雾病及29例出血型烟雾病建立数值模拟的模型,通过软件计算硬脑膜动脉血管融通术(EDAS)术前、术后压力、血流量等血流动力学参数变化.结果 缺血型烟雾病术后脑血流量通过手术应用的血管明显增加,出血及缺血病例中颈内动脉末端血管内压力下降(2295.60±758.09)Pa,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 EDAS术可以明显地改变颈内动脉的血流及压力情况.