微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗205例颅内囊状动脉瘤

目的：介绍微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗２０５例颅内囊状动脉瘤。方法：用微弹簧圈经血管内栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤２０５例。使用国产和进口的普通微弹簧圈和机械性可脱性微弹簧圈，大多数病例在局部麻醉下施术。２４例蛛网膜下腔出血（ＳＡＨ）急性期治疗请麻醉师协助。结果：本组２０５例中无死亡率，手术当时完全闭塞动脉瘤１８３例，不完全闭塞２２例。１２６例经１～３年随访无一例再出现ＳＡＨ。结论：微弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤是可行的治疗方法，特别是窄颈动脉瘤。其效果确实，创伤小，病人恢复快。但是动脉瘤栓塞治疗的远期效果还有待进一步大宗病例的血管造影随访观察。     

A nonlinear mathematical model for the development and rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms

Abstract

Mathematical models of aneurysms are typically based on Laplace’s law which defines a linear relation between the circumferential tension and the radius. However, since the aneurysm wall is viscoelastic, a nonlinear model was developed to characterize the development and rupture of intracranial spherical aneurysms within an arterial bifurcation and describes the aneurysm in terms of biophysical and geometric variables at static equilibrium. A comparison is made between mathematical models of a spherical aneurysm based on linear and nonlinear forms of Laplace’s law. The first form is the standard Laplace’s law which states that a linear relation exists between the circumferential tension, T, and the radius, R, of the aneurysm given by T = PR/2t where P is the systolic pressure. The second is a ‘modified’ Laplace’s law which describes a nonlinear power relation between the tension and the radius defined by T = ARp/2At where A is the elastic modulus for collagen and t is the wall thickness. Differential expressions of these two relations were used to describe the critical radius or the radius prior to aneurysm rupture. Using the standard Laplace’s law; the critical radius was derived to be Rc = 2Et/P where E is the elastic modulus of the aneurysm. The critical radius from the modified Laplace’s law was R = i2Et/P]2At/p. Substituting typical values of E = 1.0 MPa, t = 40 ¼m, P = 150 mmHg, and A = 2.8 MPa, the critical radius is 4.0 mm using the standard Laplace’s law and 4.8 mm for the modified Laplace’s law. In conclusion, a biomathematical model has been developed based on a nonlinear expression of Laplace’s law which integrates the quantitative influence of collagen in the tension of the aneurysm wall. The nonlinear model better describes the influence of biophysical variables on the critical radius in comparison to the model based on the standard Laplace’s law. The critical radius from the modified Laplace’s law more accurately predicts aneurysm rupture based on previously published clinical observations. [Neurol Res 1994; 16: 376-384]     

破裂动脉瘤的近期再出血

报告在首次出血后26小时至41天内发生再破裂出血的脑动脉瘤11例。本组大部分病人第一、二次出血均发生在院外,首次出血距入院时间平均25.3日,再次出血距入院时间平均13日,手术时机延误是造成本组病例再出血率高的主要原因。再出血导致2例死亡,1例持久昏迷,使27.3％病人失去手术机会。认为促使病人尽早至专科就诊,严格掌握手术时机对降低颅内动脉瘤死亡率和病残率有重要作用。     

颅内巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的报告40例颅内巨大动脉瘤,重点探讨其病理和临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法40例中38例有蛛网膜下腔出血、脑受压以及脑缺血等症状,动脉瘤分别位于颈内动脉12例,大脑前动脉9例,大脑中动脉8例,椎基底动脉11例,全部接受手术治疗。结果好33例,差4例,死亡3例。结论对颅内巨大动脉瘤应采取积极的外科治疗,手术应根据情况采用载瘤动脉临时阻断,动脉瘤减压、组合夹闭,载瘤动脉塑形,血管重建以及深低温停循环等综合手段。而不是简单夹闭动脉瘤,才能取得较好的效果。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 评价颅内多发动脉瘤的血管内栓塞结果.方法 回顾2010年3月至2011年1月血管内栓塞治疗的36例颅内多发动脉瘤患者的临床资料.结果 36例患者有84个动脉瘤,其中63个经血管内栓塞治疗,2个外科夹闭,19个未治疗.54个(86％)完全栓塞,8个(13％)瘤颈残留,1个(2％)只行支架覆盖.26例患者(72％)一次栓塞1个以上动脉瘤.31例患者进行了造影随访,93％(53个动脉瘤)表现稳定或闭塞,7％(4个动脉瘤)复发,临床随访结果:33例患者(92％)无症状或轻微症状,1例(3％)部分视野缺失,2例(6％)偏瘫.结论 血管内治疗是颅内多发动脉瘤的合理治疗方法.血管内栓塞可用于优先治疗破裂出血的动脉瘤和外科难治的意外发现的动脉瘤.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂后形成假性动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后假性动脉瘤形成的早期诊断、手术治疗。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月至2012年1月收治的13例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血伴有假性动脉瘤形成的患者临床资料,8例术前确诊,5例术中确诊,均经病理学检查确诊为假性动脉瘤。结果13例患者均行动脉瘤夹闭＋血肿清除手术治疗。术后3个月,根据GOS标准评定,9例恢复良好,2例中残,1例重残,1例死亡。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂后短期内可以在动脉瘤周围血肿内形成假性动脉瘤,此类患者尽早手术是必要的,术中要谨慎处理动脉瘤周围血肿,避免动脉瘤术中破裂影响治疗效果。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂早期治疗策略

回顾分析37例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者临床资料,分析微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术(22例)和动脉瘤夹闭术(15例)治疗效果。术后随访6个月至1年,微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术组患者预后良好率高于动脉瘤夹闭术组、病残率低于动脉瘤夹闭术组。提示微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术可早期处理破裂的颅内动脉瘤,与动脉瘤夹闭术相比,具有创伤小、恢复迅速、住院时间短,以及疗效及安全性高之优点,临床效果满意。     

On factors related to growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms

Summary The incidence of calcification and of fatty plaques was investigated in 70 autopsy cases with 85 intracranial aneurysms. Seventy aneurysms had ruptured. Stereomicroscopic microradiographic and histopathological methods were utilized. Anomalies of the circle of Willis were observed in 55%, corresponding to what is usually found in previous aneurysm series. Fatty plaques and/or calcifications were observed in the aorta and carotid arteries in 60% and were more widely generalized in 24% of the cases. Several of the patients were relatively young. Fatty infiltration was found in the walls of all aneurysms. Adjacent to the plaques the walls of the aneurysms were thin and frequently bulging. Empty thin outpouchings were also found. The sites of rupture were related to the outpouchings. The fatty plaques were considered to be prestages of calcifications. Calcification was found in the walls of 25 aneurysms. In older patients fatty atheromatous plaques and calcifications were larger and situated nearer the necks of the aneurysms; in younger patients they were nearer the domes, often at the widest diameter of the aneurysms. The sites of rupture were close to the fatty plaques of calcifications and generally distal to them. The importance of using a microscope at operation is stressed.These studies have been supported by the Sigrid Jusélius foundation.     

Endovascular treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms with Onyx 18/34

Objective

Surgical clipping and coil embolization of distally located intracranial aneurysms can be challenging. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of treatment of distal aneurysms with the liquid embolic agent Onyx 18/34.

Methods

Sixteen patients were treated with Onyx 18/34 for distally located aneurysms in our institution between March 2009 and September 2012. The technique consists of occluding the aneurysm as well as the parent vessel at the level of aneurysm with Onyx 18 or 34. Candidates for this treatment were patients with distal aneurysms including mycotic aneurysms, dissecting aneurysms, and pseudoaneurysms in which coiling was considered impossible.

Results

Of the 16 patients, 12 presented with subarachnoid and/or intracerebral hemorrhage. Median aneurysm size was 4.6 mm. Aneurysm locations were as follows: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 5), distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 3), distal pericallosal (n = 3), distal anterior cerebral artery (n = 3), lenticulostriate artery (n = 1), and anterior ethmoidal artery (n = 1). There were 4 mycotic aneurysms. Complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in all 6 patients with available angiographic follow-up. There was only 1 (6.3%) symptomatic complication in the series. There were no instances of reflux or accidental migration of embolic material. Favorable outcomes were noted in 82% of patients at discharge. Two patients with mycotic aneurysms died from cardiac complications of endocarditis. No aneurysm recanalization or rehemorrhage were seen.

Conclusion

Parent vessel trapping with Onyx 18/34 offers a simple, safe, and effective means of achieving obliteration of distal challenging aneurysms.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂的超早期血管内介入治疗分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂超早期血管内介入治疗的优势及可行性。方法 27例不同部位颅内动脉瘤(30个)患者，一经全脑数字减影动脉造影术(DSA)检查证实，即在48h内、气管内插管全麻下行血管内介入治疗。术前：Hunt—Hess分级：I级～Ⅱ级16例，Ⅲ级7例，Ⅳ级3例，V级1例；其中采用机械性可脱性微弹簧圈(MDS)栓塞治疗2例，电解式可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗25例。结果 术后恢复良好者24例；出现一过性偏瘫、失语1例，单纯运动性失语1例，均于1个月后逐渐恢复；死亡1例(Hunt-Hess V级)。结论对Hunt-Hess分级I～Ⅳ级的患者实施超早期介入手术治疗可避免动脉瘤再次破裂出血，减少脑血管痉挛，降低死亡率；并具有微创、恢复时间短、术后并发症少等优势。     

Association between sleep duration and rupture of intracranial aneurysms: A single-center retrospective study

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between sleep duration and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs).MethodsAccording to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 683 patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital were included in this study. There were 201 patients in the ruptured group and 482 patients in the unruptured group. Sleep duration was divided into three levels: ≥8 h (long), 6–8 h (normal), ≤6 h (short). Correlation between different sleep duration and rupture of IAs was evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsThe results of multivariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistical difference between sleep duration of ≤6 h and sleep duration ≥8 h (OR = 1.76, CI = [1.08–2.87], p = 0.025). There was no statistically significant difference between the group with sleep duration of 6–8 h and sleep duration of ≥8 h (OR = 1.04, CI = [0.65–1.67], p = 0.857).ConclusionShort sleep duration (≤6 h) may be related to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms. The reason for this correlation is not yet clear. We suspect that it may be caused by a series of physiological changes caused by reduced sleep.     

婴儿颅内破裂动脉瘤的诊断和治疗（附六例报告）

目的观察婴儿颅内动脉瘤的临床、影像学特点及手术疗效。 方法四川大学华西医院神经外科2010年1月至2016年12月连续收治颅内动脉瘤患者6 256例,其中年龄〈1岁（2～11个月）者共6例（0.1‰）。回顾性分析6例患儿的临床资料。6例中,男/女＝1/5,发病到确诊时间为8～144 h,4例首发症状为呕吐,3例伴有抽搐;均为单发破裂动脉瘤,动脉瘤直径为0.4～1.5 cm。1例椎－基底动脉梭形动脉瘤患儿放弃治疗,5例大脑中动脉囊性动脉瘤患儿（2例为假性动脉瘤）均行开颅手术夹闭。 结果5例大脑中动脉动脉瘤均成功夹闭,术中均无动脉瘤再次出血者。术后均未出现脑血管痉挛、脑梗死、脑积水、颅内感染、脑脊液漏等并发症。术后随访7～68个月,影像学随访均未见动脉瘤残留或复发。临床随访显示,患儿的精神、智力发育正常;肢体肌力明显恢复,1例Ⅳ级,4例Ⅴ级;格拉斯哥预后分级为Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。 结论婴儿颅内动脉瘤发病率低,最常见于大脑中动脉,其破裂后缺乏特异性临床表现,常延误诊断;手术治疗预后好。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤的血流动力学特征:基于流固耦合技术的计算流体力学模拟分析

目的 探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤破裂点和瘤囊处血流动力学特征。方法 选择2018年1月至2019年6月收治的颅内破裂动脉瘤21例,根据术前CTA、DSA数据三维重建动脉瘤模型,采用ANSYS软件计算动脉瘤破裂点和瘤囊处血流动力相关参数[壁剪切应力（WSS）、切应力震荡指数（OSI）]。结果 动脉瘤破裂点WSS[（0.215±0.047）Pa]明显低于瘤囊WSS[（0.464±0.148）Pa;P<0.001]。动脉瘤破裂点OSI[（0.035±0.024）]与瘤囊OSI[（0.030±0.016）]无统计学差异（P>0.05）。在一个心动周期中,随着血流动力学的变化,动脉瘤形态出现规律的变化,载瘤动脉及动脉瘤的形态变化存在明显差异,即动脉瘤两侧壁的形态变化相对较小,动脉瘤破裂点处形态变化明显。结论 颅内动脉瘤破裂点较动脉瘤囊WSS更低而形态变化更大,颅内动脉瘤破裂与WSS呈负相关,而与形态变化呈正相关。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术的可行性及相对适应证。方法对28例颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期经眉眶上锁孔入路手术治疗病人的临床资料进行分析,着重描述该手术方法、注意点、术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛发生情况。结果28例动脉瘤全部夹闭成功,其中3例术中有动脉瘤破裂出血,术后10例病人有不同程度的脑血管痉挛,其中2例为症状性脑血管痉挛。除1例大脑中动脉瘤有轻偏瘫,1例前交通动脉瘤有单侧下肢轻瘫外,其他病人恢复良好。结论绝大多数颅内动脉瘤破裂病人急性期同样适合锁孔手术,术中动脉瘤破裂和术后脑血管痉挛发生的机会同常规开颅显微手术并无明显差别。     

The SILK flow diverter in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms

The SILK flow diverter (SFD; Balt Extrusion, Montmorency, France) is a flow diverting stent used in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. It works on the principle of redirecting flow away from the aneurysm sac, leading to occlusion over time. We present a systematic review on the clinical outcomes and complications of the SFD. A literature search for English language articles were conducted on PubMed, Medline and EMBASE for articles on the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the SILK flow diverter. The inclusion criteria were n > 10, use of SFD only, data on complications and aneurysm occlusion rate (AOR). Eight studies with 285 patients and 317 intracranial aneurysms were included. The mean age was 52.7 years and nearly 80% were women. In terms of angiographic distribution, 86.8% of aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation and 13.2% in the posterior circulation. As for the aneurysm size, 37.9% were classed as small, 44.4% as large and 17.7% as giant. Ischemic complications and parent artery occlusion each occurred in 10% of patients. Aneurysm rupture rate was 3.5%, while the cumulative mortality was 4.9%. The main outcome measure, 12 month AOR, was 81.8% with complete occlusion in 216 out of 264 aneurysms. Use of flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm with complex morphologies has gained in popularity over the last few years. Our review suggests that SFD achieves comparable AOR to its contemporary, the Pipeline Embolization Device (ev3 Endovascular, Plymouth, MN, USA) but has a higher rate of higher rate of ischemic complications, aneurysm rupture and mortality.     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者在血管内弹簧圈治疗中动脉瘤破裂的原因、处理和预后

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者在血管内弹簧圈治疗中动脉瘤被穿破的原因、处理和预后.方法回顾性研究1992～2003年在弗莱堡大学医院神经中心的202例急性动脉瘤性SAH接受血管内弹簧圈介入治疗患者,系统研究病例记录和由2名神经放射科医生重新阅片.结果6例患者发生介入术中动脉瘤被穿破,男1例,女5例,年龄33～87岁.5例囊性动脉瘤,1例右颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤.4例被弹簧圈穿破,1例被微导丝穿破,1例被微导管穿破.4例临床预后好,出院时没有新的神经功能缺损(mRS 0分和2分各2例),1例临床状况无改变(治疗前H&H V级,出院时mRS 5分),1例死于严重的SAH(治疗前H&HV级).结论在动脉瘤性SAH患者的血管内弹簧圈治疗中,总的术中穿破率为3%,死亡率为0.5%;造影剂外渗或弹簧圈的头端突出动脉瘤外提示术中动脉瘤被穿破,发生穿破后应尽可能快的用弹簧圈封堵动脉瘤的破裂部位;患者的预后可能与治疗前病情轻重直接相关.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤急性期血管内治疗的临床分析

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤急性期血管内栓塞治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析2006～2009年收治的40例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者均于出血后72h内行血管内栓塞治疗,其中11例宽颈动脉瘤中,6例应用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,4例应用球囊瘤颈成形辅助弹簧圈栓塞,1例应用双导管技术栓塞;其余动脉瘤均仅用弹簧圈栓塞。结果本组40例共47个动脉瘤,100%栓塞39个,80%～90%栓塞3个,50%～60%栓塞2个,栓塞失败2个,多发动脉瘤中未作处理1个。术后随访3～6月,脑血管造影复查25例,未见动脉瘤复发,也无再出血病例。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤急性期应用血管内栓塞不仅安全高效,而且可以防止再出血及减少并发症,降低患者死亡率和致残率。     

一次性开颅手术治疗颅内多发动脉瘤

报道７例颅内多发动脉瘤。每例均有２个动脉瘤，其中１３个为囊性，１个为梭形。有１例为双侧脉络膜前动脉对称性囊性动脉瘤。经单侧额颞开颅，翼点入路将全部囊性动脉瘤一次性夹闭。经术中瘤囊穿刺及术后动脉造影证实动脉瘤被完金夹闭。梭形动脉瘤仅用肌肉包裹。术后病人均恢复良好，无手术死亡和重残。结合我们的病例，本文对颅内多发性动脉瘤的识别、手术时机及手术方法进行了讨论，强调有条件时，对颅内多发性动脉瘤应及时一次性手术治疗。     

可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤(附141例报告)

目的讨论可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的技术要点、疗效及并发症的防治。方法对141例颅内破裂动脉瘤采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞86例,球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞24例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞31例。结果动脉瘤完全栓塞93例,栓塞95%31例,栓塞90%10例,栓塞90%5例,栓塞不成功2例。出院时恢复良好无神经功能障碍107例,轻度神经功能障碍24例,重度障碍7例,死亡3例。127例随访1~33个月,无再出血患者,9例再通。结论对颅内破裂动脉瘤采用可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞疗效可靠、微创、术后恢复快,是一种较为理想的治疗方法,早期栓塞及积极的术后处理可以降低其死亡率和致残率。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂关键基因的生信分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂的关键基因.方法 采用生信分析方法,GEO数据库下载数据集GSE13353、GSE15629、GSE54083,R语言筛选差异表达基因(DEG),WGCNA算法分析动脉瘤破裂关键基因,采用GO和KEGG分析关键基因的生物学功能,GSEA软件进行基因富集分析.应用GSE122897数据集进行验证....