Operative strategy of complex internal carotid artery- posterior communicating artery aneurysms Defensive effect on perioperative nerve injury

BACKGROUND: The two problems in treating intracranial aneurysm are the vascular reconstruction and brain protection, especially for complex internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery (ICA-PComA) aneurysms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomic features and operative technique of complex ICA-PComA aneurysms, and investigate how to better protect the brain tissue. DESIGN: A retrospective case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Central Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 154 inpatients with ICA-PComA aneurysms were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Central Hospital from January 1998 to December 2006, including 19 cases (12.3%) of complex ICA-PComA aneurysms, 8 males and 11 females, 38–67 years of age. Informed contents for surgery and observation were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS: The clinical manifestations, including initial symptoms and Hunt&Hess grading, were observed. Corresponding strategies were selected for different types of ICA-PComA aneurysms. The patients were followed up at 3 months postoperatively. According to the results of Glasgow scoring, the curative effects were classified as good (4–5 points), bad (2–3 points) and dead (1 point). The results at discharge were taken as early results, whereas the follow-up results as late results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical manifestations and curative effects of the patients. RESULTS: All the 19 patients with ICA-PComA were involved in the analysis of results. For clinical manifestations, the initial symptoms were subarachnoid hemorrhage (n =15), paralysis of oculomotor nerve (n =3), and occasional attack (n =1); The Hunt&Hess grading was grade Ⅰ in 4 cases, grade Ⅱ in 6 cases, grade Ⅲ in 6 cases, grade Ⅳ in 2 cases, and grade Ⅴ in 1 case. The curative effects were that aneurysm breakage and bleeding occurred in 6 cases perioperatively, uncomplete clipping of aneurysm in 2 cases and constriction of parent artery in 1 case. The complications were nervous and ischemic ones. The early outcome was good in 12 cases and bad in 7 cases, no one died. The late outcome was good in 17 cases and bad in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Complex ICA-PComA aneurysm is a particular aneurysm, thus different operative strategies should be adopted according to the conditions to improve the operative outcome and reduce ischemic and nervous injuries.     

Endovascular treatment of unruptured posterior circulation intracranial aneurysms

Results:A clinical improvement or stable outcome was achieved in 84 patients (94.4%). The two cases of permanent morbidity included a patient with paralysis and another patient with hemianopia. One patient died after treatment of a giant fusiform vertebrobasilar aneurysm. In one patient, the aneurysm ruptured during treatment, resulting in death. Another patient suffered a fatal aneurysm rupture 4 days after treatment. Giant size (P = 0.005) and mass effect presentation (P = 0.029) were independent predictors of unfavorable outcomes in UPCIAs. Angiographic follow-up was available in 76 of the 86 surviving patients (88.4%) with a mean of 6.8 months (range: 1–36 months). Recanalization in six patients (7.9%) at 3 months, 4 months, 4 months, 24 months, and 36 months required retreatment in three patients. In-stent stenosis of >50% was found in three patients.Conclusion:Endovascular therapy is an attractive option for UPCIAs with stable midterm outcome. However, the current endovascular option seems to have a limitation for the treatment of the aneurysm with giant size or mass effect presentation.     

Thrombosis of non-giant unruptured aneurysms causing ischemic stroke

Abstract

Objectives: To describe a series of patients with stroke secondary to thrombosis in unruptured non-giant aneurysms and to classify them.

Methods: Patients with saccular non-giant aneurysm thrombosis presenting with ischemic events were identified. The clinical and imaging attributes were then used to build a novel classification scheme for aneurysm-related stroke.

Results: Six patients were included representing 0.15% of all strokes. The proposed mechanisms for stroke were classified as dislodgement of aneurysm thrombi to distal vessels, extension of aneurysm clot into the parent vessel and parent vessel occlusion due to extrinsic compression by the thrombosed aneurysm. Stroke severity was minor and outcome was excellent in all patients.

Conclusions: Strokes caused by unruptured aneurysms are rare and can be caused by several mechanisms. Clinicians should be aware of this rare form of stroke as it may represent a contraindication to systemic thrombolysis due to increased risk of aneurysm recanalization and rupture.     

Prediction of postoperative motor deficits using motor evoked potential deterioration duration in intracranial aneurysm surgery

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the predictive value of motor evoked potential (MEP) deterioration duration for postoperative motor deficits in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm surgery.MethodsData from 587 patients were reviewed and 92 patients with MEP deterioration were enrolled. MEP deterioration duration was compared between patients with and without postoperative motor deficits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to define the threshold value for predicting postoperative motor deficit risk. Additionally, the association between MEP deterioration duration and postoperative CT findings was explored.ResultsPatients with postoperative motor deficits had a significantly longer MEP deterioration duration (p < 0.01). An MEP deterioration duration greater than or equal to 13 min was identified as an independent predictor of immediate (p < 0.01), short-term (p < 0.01), and long-term postoperative motor deficits (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between MEP deterioration duration and new CT abnormalities.ConclusionMEP deterioration duration could be used for predicting intracranial aneurysm surgical outcome.SignificanceThe study first proposed a threshold value of MEP deterioration duration (13 min) for predicting the risk of postoperative motor deficits in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm surgery.     

Impact of aneurysm morphology on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage severity,cerebral infarction and functional outcome

ObjectiveAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity. The objective was to evaluate, whether specific morphological aneurysm characteristics could serve as predictive values for aSAH severity, disease-related complications and clinical outcome.MethodsA total of 453 aSAH patients (mean age: 54.9 ± 13.8 years, mean aneurysm size: 7.5 ± 3.6 mm) treated at a single center were retrospectively included. A morphometric analysis was performed based on angiographic image sets, determining aneurysm location, aneurysm size, neck width, aneurysm size ratios, aneurysm morphology and vessel size. The following outcome measures were defined: World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 4 and 5, Fisher grade 4, vasospasm, cerebral infarction and unfavorable functional outcome.ResultsRegarding morphology parameters, aneurysm neck width was an independent predictor for Fisher 4 hemorrhage (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0–1.3, p = 0.048), while dome width (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 0.005) and internal carotid artery location (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.2, p = 0.028) predicted vasospasm. None of the analyzed morphological characteristics prognosticated functional outcome. Patient age (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93–0.96, p < 0.001), WFNS score (OR: 4.8, 95%CI: 2.9–8.0, p < 0.001), Fisher score (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.4–3.7, p < 0.001) and cerebral infarction (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.7–7.8, p < 0.001) were independently associated with unfavorable outcome.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a correlation between aneurysm morphology, Fisher grade and vasospasm. Further studies will be required to reveal an independent association of aneurysm morphology with cerebral infarction and functional outcome.     

Treatment of recurrent and residual aneurysms with the low-profile Acandis Acclino stent: Multi-center review of 19 patients

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of the low-profile Acandis Acclino microstent for embolization of recurrent and residual intracranial aneurysms.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with the Acclino for aneurysm remnants at three German neurovascular centers were enrolled. The technical success, complications, angiographic and clinical outcome were investigated.ResultsNineteen patients (median age: 53 years) with 19 aneurysm remnants (median size: 5 mm, anterior circulation: 14) were included. Initial aneurysm treatment consisted of stand-alone coiling in 14 cases, stent-assisted coiling in 4 and clipping in 1. Acclino stent-assisted coil embolization was performed technically successfully in all patients. Morbidity occurred in one patient (5.3%) due to aneurysm perforation. At the angiographic follow-up with a median follow-up duration of 21 months (range: 5–37 months), complete occlusion was obtained in 76.9%. The retreatment rate was 7.7%.ConclusionsRetreatment of aneurysm remnants with the Acclino microstent was associated with high aneurysm occlusion rates and acceptable morbidity. Further studies will be necessary to draw a definite conclusion.     

Initial Experience with Left Transradial Neurointerventions for Cerebral Aneurysms Using the 6-French Simmons Guiding Sheath

ObjectiveThe use of a transradial approach utilizing a Simmons-shaped catheter for neurointervention has been steadily increasing. Although the right radial artery is commonly used, in interventional cardiology, the left transradial approach offers clear clinical benefits for right-handed patients. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have examined intracranial aneurysm embolization with the routine use of the left transradial approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of left transradial intracranial aneurysm embolization.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of a prospective database of consecutive patients who had undergone left transradial intracranial aneurysm coiling using a 6-French Simmons guiding sheath between January and August 2021. The following outcome variables were then analyzed: whether the catheterization was successful, the angiographical results, and the presence of any procedure-related complications.ResultsIn total, 25 patients underwent left transradial coiling for 15 anterior and 10 posterior circulation aneurysms. The Simmons guiding sheath could be successfully shaped and cannulated into the targeted vessel in all patients. All aneurysms were completely embolized without any complications. Immediate postoperative angiograms showed Raymond 1 in 10 aneurysms (40.0%), Raymond 2 in 12 (48.0%), and Raymond 3a in 3 (12.0%). None of the patients required crossover to the right radial or femoral arteries, and no radial artery spasms or occlusions were observed.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the left transradial approach for intracranial aneurysm coiling is not only safe, effective, and technically feasible, but also provides improved comfort to right-handed patients.     

Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy for unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with flowdiverter

Background and purposeAntiplatelet therapy (APT) is a key element limiting the risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) in neuroendovascular procedures, including aneurysm treatment with flowdiverter. Clopidogrel combined with aspirin is the mostly reported dual APT (DAPT). However, resistance phenomenon and intraindividual efficacy fluctuation are identified limitations. In recent years, ticagrelor has been increasingly used in this indication. We compared these two DAPT regimens for intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter.MethodsWe conducted a multicentric retrospective study from prospectively maintained databases in two high volume centers extracting consecutive patients presenting unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with flowdiverter and receiving DAPT (May 2015 to December 2019).  Two groups were compared according to their DAPT regimen: “ticagrelor+aspirin” and “clopidogrel+aspirin”. Clopidogrel group was systematically checked with platelet test inhibition before endovascular procedure. The primary endpoint was composite, defined as any thrombo-embolic event (TEE) or major hemorrhagic event occurring the first 6 months during and after embolizationResults260 patients met our inclusion criteria. Baseline patients and aneurysms characteristics were comparable between groups, except for aneurysm location, median size and pre-treatment modified Rankin scale. No significant difference was observed regarding the primary composite outcome: 11.5% (12/104) in the ticagrelor group versus 10.9% (17/156) in the clopidogrel group (p = 1.000). There was also no significant difference in secondary outcomes including TEE (10.5 vs 9.0%; p = 0.673), major hemorrhage (0.9 vs 1.2%; p = 0.651) and clinical outcome (at least 1-point mRS worsening during follow up: 6.7% vs 8.3%; p = 0.813).ConclusionFirst-line DAPT with ticagrelor+aspirin seems as safe and effective as clopidogrel+aspirin regimen.     

Surface-modified flow diverter p48-MW-HPC: Preliminary clinical experience in 28 patients treated in two centers

Background and purposeFlow diversion is increasingly used for endovascular treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms and has led to the development of small diameter flow diverters such as p48-MW (phenox, Bochum, Germany). Use of flow diverters is limited, however, as patients require dual antiplatelet treatment to avoid thromboembolic complications. Hydrophilic Polymer Coating was developed to reduce platelet aggregation on the p48-MW (p48-MW-HPC). This study reports preliminary experience with p48-MW-HPC in aneurysm treatment in two centers.Materials and methodsPatients with ruptured, unruptured, and recanalized aneurysms treated with p48-MW-HPC were prospectively included and retrospectively analyzed for safety and efficacy. Safety was evaluated by analyzing intra- and postoperative complications as well as thromboembolic events depicted by DWI in the 72 h post-procedure. Efficacy was evaluated at 6 months based on aneurysm occlusion.ResultsFrom April 2019 to May 2020, 28 patients aged 25–82 years with 29 aneurysms were treated. Two thromboembolic events (7.1%) were reported with good clinical outcome. Final morbidity and mortality were both 0.0%. Post-operative DWI-MRI was depicting lesions in 70.0% of patients. Short-term (6 months) anatomical results were complete aneurysm occlusion in 87.0% of aneurysms, neck remnant in 8.7%, and aneurysm remnant in 4.3%.ConclusionThis preliminary clinical evaluation conducted in a relatively small sample size shows high feasibility (100.0%) of p48-MW-HPC aneurysm treatment, without morbidity or mortality, and high efficacy (complete occlusion in 90.0%). Additional larger comparative studies are needed to confirm these results and optimize perioperative antiplatelet treatment.     

Long-term aneurysm recurrence and de novo aneurysm formation after surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a cohort study and systematic review

ABSTRACT

Objective: There is a relative lack of literature on long-term aneurysm recurrence and de novo aneurysm formation following surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. This retrospective single-center cohort study, therefore, analyzes the incidence of aneurysm recurrence, and the incidence of de novo aneurysms formation in patients with at least 10yrs of radiological follow-up. The data are put into the context of a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Patients that underwent surgical treatment of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm at the Basel University Hospital were retrospectively identified. The rate of recurrent or de novo aneurysm formation was assessed for all patients with imaging follow-up ≥10yrs. A systematic review including studies with a mean follow-up period of ≥10yrs was then performed.

Results: A total of 95 patients had undergone surgical treatment of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm between 1994 and 2008. Twenty-one patients (22.1%) had available imaging follow-up ≥10yrs (mean: 13.1yrs). In these patients, aneurysm recurrence and de novo aneurysm formation were equally found in 23.8% (n = 5; 1.8%/yr). There was no case of aneurysm rupture from a recurrent or a de novo aneurysm. The systematic literature review covered a combined cohort of 1778 patients over a mean follow-up period of 14.0yrs. In this cohort, the aneurysm recurrence rate was 16.4% (0.7%/yr), and the rate of de novo aneurysm formation was 6.2% (0.4%/yr).

Discussion: Despite some discrepancy regarding the incidence, both cohorts show a non-negligible long-term risk of aneurysm recurrence and de novo aneurysm formation, which warrants life-long imaging follow-up.

Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; DSA: digital subtraction angiography; CTA: computed tomography angiography; MRA: magnetic resonance angiography; MCA: middle cerebral artery; ACA: anterior cerebral artery; ACommA: anterior communicating artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; ADPKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; MeSH: Medical Subject Headings     

颅内动脉瘤破裂的影响因素分析

目的研究颅内动脉瘤(intracranial aneurysm,IA)破裂的影响因素,为临床治疗方案的制定提供参考。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月期间湖南省长沙市湘雅医院收治的474名颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,使用单因素、多因素分析等方法对性别、年龄、多发性动脉瘤、既往患病史、吸烟、饮酒、形态学特征等颅内动脉瘤破裂的可能影响因素进行了分析。结果多因素回归分析结果提示:单发动脉瘤以及既不吸烟也不饮酒人群常见于女性(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.40,3.34)、多发性动脉瘤(OR=2.18,95%CI:1.34,3.56)以及既往既吸烟又饮酒(OR=5.01,95%CI:1.96,12.83)人群是动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。动脉瘤形态学特征自身对照配对t检验分析:动脉瘤高度、动脉瘤横径、动脉瘤高度/横径、最大瘤颈、最小瘤颈、最小瘤颈/载瘤动脉直径、动脉瘤角度、存在子囊或分叶是动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。结论综合各类可能影响动脉瘤破裂的因素,制定最佳治疗方案以保证患者的生命安全。     

Evaluation of the angiographic outcomes after clipping of intracranial aneurysms: determination of predisposing factors for occurrence of aneurysm remnants

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Aneurysm remnants after microsurgical clipping have a risk of regrowth and rupture and have not been validated in the era of three-dimensional angiography. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the angiographic outcome using three-dimensional rotational images and determine the predictors for remnants after microsurgical clipping.

Methods: Between January 2014 and May 2017, 139 aneurysms in 106 patients who were treated with microsurgical clipping, were eligible for this study. For the determination of aneurysm remnants after microsurgical clipping, the angiographic outcomes were evaluated using follow-up digital subtraction angiography within 7 days for unruptured aneurysms or within 2 weeks for ruptured aneurysms. According to the Sindou classification, the aneurysm remnants were dichotomized, and subgroup analysis was performed to identify the predictors of aneurysm remnants after clipping with various imaging parameters and clinical information.

Results: The overall rate of aneurysm remnants was 29.5% (41/139), in which retreatments were needed in 6.5% (9/139). The neck size and maximum diameter of aneurysms were independent predisposing factors for the aneurysm remnants that need retreatment (OR: 2.30; p < 0.001; OR: 1.38; p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: This study demonstrated a low incidence of aneurysm remnants after microsurgical clipping which need to retreatment. However, selective postoperative angiography could provide us clear information of surgical result and evidence for long-term follow-up for some aneurysms with larger neck size (>5.7 mm) and maximum diameter (>7.1 mm).     

The outcome of early surgical management of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms

Abstract

Since 7990, early surgery within 3 days following subarachnoid hemorrhage has been performed routinely in our hospital even for ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms. Our experience with early surgical management of 25 patients with posterior circulation aneurysms, including two patients who underwent endovascular surgery, is reported. Fourteen patients had an aneurysm on the basilar, the posterior cerebral or superior cerebellar artery (BAJ, and 77 patients had an aneurysm on the vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (VA). The mortality and morbidity of the BA group were 7% and 29%, respectively, and those of the VA group were 27% and 9%, respectively. In BA, the incidence ofsymptomatic vasospasm and hydrocephalus was definitely high compared with VA, and the outcome in elderly patients was significantly unfavorable. Early surgery for posterior circulation aneurysms to prevent rebleeding might be considered in selected cases. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 385-388]     

Results of endovascular treatment of aneurysms depending on their size,volume and coil packing density

Background and purposeIn contrast to neurosurgery, which is more efficient, endovascular treatment (EVT) is less invasive. The main purpose of EVT is complete occlusion of the aneurysm and protection from subarachnoid haemorrhage. Accurate measurements of the aneurysm (size, volume) obtained using a 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) workstation can assist in the proper assessment of coil packing density (CPD), which affects possible distant recanalization. The main disadvantage of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms compared to neurosurgery is the high recurrence rate. We evaluated the results of endovascular treatment of aneurysms depending on their size, volume and coil packing density.Material and methodsThirty-five patients with intracranial aneurysms underwent endovascular embolization with bare platinum coils. Three-dimensional DSA was used to evaluate aneurysms’ morphology. Eighteen patients underwent 3D DSA follow-up 6-45 months after treatment. Initial and follow-up results of embolization were assessed with the Raymond-Montreal scale. The impact of aneurysms’ morphology, volume and initial CPD on endovascular treatment was evaluated.ResultsAmong 35 patients, complete initial embolization was achieved in 74%. Mean initial aneurysm volume in 3D DSA was 0.517 mL and decreased significantly after embolization. Initial CPD varied from 74% to 2% depending on aneurysm diameter (12.1% for aneurysms ≥ 10 mm, 22.5% for aneurysms < 10 mm). Results of embolization on the Raymond-Montreal scale significantly depended on aneurysms’ CPD. Aneurysms’ recanalization rate on 3D DSA follow-up was 36%, with complete recanalization in 3.3%.ConclusionsWe can achieve a better outcome if size and volume of the aneurysm sac is smaller and if CPD is higher.     

Predictors of postoperative mortality in ruptured aneurysms of internal carotid artery

Background and purposeAn analysis of predictors of mortality in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm is an important aspect in the assessment of outcome. The aim of the study was to analyse factors determining mortality risk after the surgical treatment of ruptured internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm.Material and methodsThis study comprised 242 patients operated on between 1997 and 2006 in the Neurosurgery Department of the Medical University Hospital in Gdansk, Poland. Multivariate logistic regression, ROC curves (for model assessment as a mortality classifier) and population attributable risk for contribution of individual factor mortality explanation were used to assess factors related to in-hospital mortality.Results14.9% of patients died postoperatively. In univariate analysis, increased risk of death was related to the Glasgow Coma Scale score, WFNS score, Hunt-Hess and Fisher grade, preoperative neurological deficit, delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI), trapping and bypass operative method. Multivariate analysis revealed two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality: DCI and Hunt-Hess grade. 91% of mortality risk was attributed to grade 4 or 5 in Hunt-Hess scale and DCI. The dominant predictor of survival was the Hunt-Hess scale. Increase by one grade in the Hunt-Hess scale resulted in two-fold increase of in-hospital mortality risk.ConclusionsPostoperative mortality after ICA aneurysm rupture is determined by clinical status at admission and the occurrence of DCI.     

A comparison of endovascular strategies in the treatment of ruptured vertebral artery aneurysms

BackgroundContemporary management of ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADA) has evolved beyond proximal parent artery occlusion (PPAO) to include endovascular trapping (ET) of the diseased segment and vessel preserving stent treatments. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the outcomes of patients with ruptured VADAs who underwent endovascular management with trapping of the diseased segment as the first-line treatment approach.MethodsWe evaluated an institutional database of patients with ruptured VADAs who were treated at Auckland City Hospital from 1998 to 2017. Baseline and outcomes data were analyzed. High-grade SAH was defined as a World Federation of Neurological Surgeons or a Hunt and Hess grade of IV-V. Favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 0–2.ResultsThe study cohort was comprised of 45 ruptured VADA patients with a mean age of 50 years. The mean follow-up duration was 12.9 months. ET of the diseased segment was performed in 32 cases (71.1%), PPAO of the VA was performed in 12 cases (26.7%) and reconstruction using a flow diverting stent was performed in 1 case (2.2%). The overall procedural complication rate was 13%, including procedural neurological morbidity in 4.4%. At last follow-up, no further aneurysm filling was seen in any case, and 77.8% had a favorable outcome.ConclusionET affords a favorable risk to benefit profile for patients with ruptured VADAs. ET remains a reasonable option for ruptured VADAs in patients with sufficient collateral supply to the vertebrobasilar system.     

Poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: the use of nimodipine and other optional treatments.

The use of calcium antagonists has been advocated as decreasing morbidity and mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) following aneurysm rupture. Results reported from open or placebo-controlled studies show a wide variation with regard to outcome. The immediate clipping of an aneurysm as soon as diagnosed accompanied or not by removal of expansive hematomas, drainage of CSF obstructions, decompressive craniectomy and the employment of individual variation in the critical intensive care schema, may eventually influence the outcome of patients in a bad clinical condition (Hunt and Hess Grade IV and V). The aim of this paper is to analyze which patients should profit from a differential treatment on a literature review and own experience-based data.     

Subarachnoid hemorrhage rebleeding in the first 24 h is associated with external ventricular drain placement and higher grade on presentation: Cohort study

BackgroundRebleeding after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) confers a poor prognosis; however, risk factors and differential outcomes associated with early rebleeding in the first 24 h after symptom presentation are incompletely understood.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all aSAH presenting to our institution between 2001 and 2016 was performed. Early rebleeding events were defined as clinical neurologic decline with radiographically confirmed acute intracranial hemorrhage within 24 h after symptom presentation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess clinical associations, with a specific focus on baseline Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), and modified Fisher scores.ResultsOf 471 aSAH cases, 33 (7%) experienced early rebleeding. Multivariate regression identified extraventricular drain (EVD) placement (OR = 2.16, P = 0.04) and WFNS 3–5 (OR = 2.69, P = 0.02) as significant predictors of early rebleeding. Good functional outcomes were observed in 8 patients with early rebleeding (24%), all of whom underwent aneurysm treatment. Higher SAH grade prior to rebleeding (WFNS 3–5) was significantly associated with increased odds of an unfavorable functional outcome (OR = 8.09, P < 0.01). Anticoagulation, aneurysm size and location were not significantly associated with either early rebleeding incidence or functional outcome.ConclusionsEarly rebleeding in aSAH is associated with unfavorable functional outcomes. EVD placement and higher SAH grade on presentation appear to be significantly and independently associated with increased risk of rebleeding within first 24 h, as well as unfavorable long-term functional outcome; however, the clinical benefit of hyper-acute aneurysm treatment requires further investigation.     

Endovascular Treatment of 429 Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Using Bare-Platinum Coils : Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes at the Long-term Follow-up

ObjectiveWe reviewed the feasibility, safety and efficacy as well as the clinical outcome and long-term angiographic results of endovascular treatment (EVT) of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms.MethodsA total of 429 ACoA aneurysms in 426 patients were treated using coil embolization between March 1996 and October 2010 in a single institution. Pretreatment aneurysmal features were checked using angiogram. We had usually used tailored steam shaped microcatheter according to individual angiographic architectures. Immediate postembolization outcomes were evaluated using an angiographic outcome scale and clinical evaluation was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).ResultsPostembolization angiograms demonstrated total occlusion of aneurysm in 290 of 429 (67.6%) aneurysms, neck remnant in 80 (18.6%) and body filling in 59 (13.8%). Dome direction and aneurysm angle was not associated with initial angiographic outcomes. The procedure-related morbidity rate was 0.9% (4 of 429). Clinical and imaging follow-up more than 6 months were available in 382 (89.0%) patients with a mean of 26.2 months. Overall rate of major recanalization was 7.9% (30 of 382) and all of them were retreated without complications. At the last follow-up, 233 (99.2%) of 235 patients had GOS of 5 in unruptured group, and 152 (79.5%) of 191 patients showed good clinical outcomes (GOS of 4 or 5) in ruptured group.ConclusionTailored steam shaping of the microcatheter is vital to achieve good angiographic outcomes regardless of aneurysmal direction. EVT is feasible and safe for most ACoA aneurysms with acceptable immediate and long-term outcomes.     

Severe intracranial bleedings during endovascular procedures: outcome of surgically treated patients

Abstract

Objective: Severe intracranial bleedings (SIBs) during endovascular procedures (EPs) are accompanied by acute intracranial hypertension and brain herniation signs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of urgent surgical management and its related patient outcome in cases with such a fatal complication.

Method: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for the last 750 patients treated in our department in the past 12 years with acute non-traumatic intracranial bleeding, who underwent a diagnostic or therapeutic EP. Patients with a severe intra-procedural bleeding episode undergoing urgent surgical management (within 30 minutes after bleeding) were analysed.

Results: Fourteen of 750 patients with ruptured vascular malformations presented a new SIB during EP. In nine patients, this occurred during initial angiography, two during aneurysm coiling, two during balloon angioplasty and one during arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization. The neurological condition 6 months later was good (independents patients) in seven cases with only a mild disability in two of them. Two patients showed a severe disability. Four patients died without recovering their consciousness. One patient presented a satisfactorily course but died weeks later owing to a pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion: Despite the fatal spontaneous prognosis of severe intracranial bleeding occurring during endovascular diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, a favorable outcome can be expected if an appropriated treatment was set within 30 minutes of the bleeding.