磁共振胰胆管成像与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值

目的：评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）与经内镜胰胆管造影（ERCP）对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法：对32例梗阻性黄疸患者先后进行MRCP与ERCP检查，所有诊断均经手术或病理证实。结果：MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定位准确率分别为90.6％（29/32）及82.8％（24/29），两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.5960），合并两者检查的准确率为96.9％（31/32），与单项MRCP(P=0.3010)、ERCP(P=0.0643)准确率差异无显著性意义。MRCP与ERCP对梗阻的定性诊断准确性分别为75.0％（24/32）及72.4（21/29），两者间差异无显著意义（P=0.9503），合并两者检查的准确率为93.8％（30/32），高于MRCP(P=0.0387)或ERCP(P=0.0245)单项检查。结论：MRCP与ERCP都是有效、安全的诊断梗阻性黄疸的方法，MRCP与ERCP相结合诊断准确率可进一步提高。     

磁共振胰胆管造影、超声内镜与逆行胰胆管造影诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值

目的：比较磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、超声内镜（EUS）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值。方法：39例阻塞性黄疸患者分别行MRCP、EUS和ERCP。MRCP采用重T2加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,EUS和ERCP按常规进行。结果：MRCP、EUS与ERCP诊断准确率分别为87．2％（34／39例）、94．9％（37／39例）和97．4％（38／39例）;对恶性狭窄的诊断准确率分别为61．5％（8／13例）、84．6％（11／13例）和92．3％（12／13例）;对胆总管结石的诊断准确率均为100．0％（21／21例）。结论：MRCP为无创性检查,在明确阻塞性黄疸病因时可作为首选方法,目前尚不能取代ERCP。EUS作为诊断胆、胰系统疾病的重要方法,与MRCP和ERCP结合,能提高阻塞性黄疸诊断 的准确率。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影与超声、多排螺旋CT、磁共振胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值的比较

目的比较内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)与超声、多排螺旋CT(MSCT)及磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)对梗阻性黄疸的部位及病因诊断的准确率。方法 128例患者行超声、MSCT及ERCP检查,其中35例患者行MRCP检查。结果在梗阻部位的诊断上,四种方法对肝内胆管和胰头部的诊断准确率差异无统计学意义;ERCP对肝外胆管梗阻的诊断准确率与MRCP差异无统计学意义,但显著高于超声和MSCT;在病因诊断上,对于胆系结石、胆管炎和胰头癌的诊断准确率,四种方法差异无统计学意义;MRCP、ERCP和MSCT对于胆管癌诊断准确率均优于超声;此外,ERCP在诊断乳头部肿瘤、十二指肠乳头旁憩室时优于超声和MSCT。结论 ERCP对梗阻性黄疸的部位(尤其是肝外胆管和十二指肠乳头部)及病因(胆管癌、十二指肠乳头部肿瘤)的诊断具有重要价值。     

磁共振胰胆管造影术对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值

目的通过磁共振胰胆管造影术(MRCP)与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)的对照研究,评价MRCP对胰胆系疾病的诊断价值.方法40例疑有胰胆系疾病的患者在PhilipsGyroscanNT1.0T超导系统上作MRCP检查,ERCP采用常规方法检查.患者男24例,女16例,年龄34岁～68岁,平均56岁.28例先行MRCP后再作ERCP,12例先行ERCP,大部分患者两者间隔时间1d～2d,最长达7d.两者结果作对照研究.结果本组资料中,MRCP对胰胆系疾病总的诊断价值为敏感度89.1%、特异度100%、准确度90%,ERCP总的诊断价值为敏感度84.2%、特异度100%、准确度85%,两者统计学上无显著性差异(x2=0.11,P>0.05).结论MRCP具有无创伤性,与ERPC相比较,在诊断胰胆系疾病方面具有同等的价值,但没有治疗作用,目前尚难以取代ERCP.     

内镜下逆行胰胆管造影结合胰胆管腔内超声对胰腺癌诊断价值的研究

目的 评价经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)结合胰胆管腔内超声(IDUS)对胰腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院2001年1月至2006年7月收治的胰腺癌患者127例,其中113例行ERCP检查,113例中16例行IDUS检查,并与122例体表B超(B-US)检查结果对照.结果 ERCP的诊断准确率为92.0%(104/113),IDUS为100%(16/16),B-US为81.1%(99/122),ERCP结合IDUS为99.1%(112/113).ERCP诊断胰腺癌的准确率显著高于B-US,ERCP结合IDUS的诊断准确率明显高于ERCP及B-US(均P＜0.05).结论 ERCP在胰腺癌诊断中有重要价值,必要时结合IDUS可以进一步提高诊断的准确性.     

磁共振胰胆管成像和直接胰胆管造影对胆胰疾病诊断价值自身对比的前瞻性研究

目的 比较直接胰胆管造影（ERCP和PTC）和磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对胆胰疾病的诊断价值。方法 临床怀疑胆胰系疾病63例。每例先行MRCP,在此后24h内行ERCP。影像科和内镜医师分别报告自己所见结果,待研究结束后,以ERCP或PTC为参照标准统一对比分析。结果 63例行ERCP中,成功率为88.9%（56/63例）,7例ERCP失败者改行PTC检查成功;所有MRCP均获成功,成功率为100.0%;MRCP的灵敏度为98.2%、特异度83.3%、误诊率为16.7%、漏诊率为1.8%。MRCP和ERCP（或PTC）总符合率85.7%,其中在胆系结石及胆管肿瘤分别为100.0%和92.9%,乳头病病变为70.6%（12/17例）,在慢性胰腺炎和肝吸虫的诊断符合率分别为3/3和66.7%。63例ERCP者,术后并发胰腺炎5例、肾周脓肿1例（为B-Ⅱ术后）,并发症发生率为9.5%（6/63例）;而MRCP无并发症发生。结论 对胆管内疾病,MRCP可达到ERCP的单纯诊断水平,而对乳头部病变（尤其是小病变）和肝吸虫,MRCP却无法与ERCP相比拟。对不能耐受ERCP及禁忌症者,MRCP是较好的选择。MRCP的最大不便在于不能同时进行治疗。     

阴性法CT胰胆管造影与磁共振胰胆管造影在胆系梗阻疾病中的初步比较

目的 比较阴性法CT胰胆管造影(nCTCP)与磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)在胆系梗阻疾病的诊断作用.方法 55例经临床确诊的胆系梗阻病例予以回顾性分析,其中12例作过胆囊切除术.采用多层螺旋CT平扫、增强双期扫描.以门脉期数据经重组分别获得2D多平面重组像及厚块最小强度投影(MinIP)nCTCP像.2D磁共振(MR)成像采用T1WI、T2WI扫描序列;MRCP采用2D厚块SSFSE序列,以最大强度投影(MIP)显示胰胆管结构.应用5°评分法评价2种方法对胆管显示能力及胆囊、胆囊管和胰管显示率;对照临床诊断结果,就2种方法判别梗阻部位和性质作出比较.结果 nCTCP对胆管显示能力平均为4.46°(2°～5°),胆囊、胆囊管和胰管显示率分别为97.7%(42/43)、62.8%(27/43)及87.3%(48/55),MRCP相应为4.52°(2°～5°)、86.0%(37/43)、60.5%(26/43)和92.7%(51/55),两组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).2种方法同时发现14例肝内胆管变异、3例胆囊管残留;MRCP另见4例胰管变异,nCTCP为3例.定位准确度2种方法均为100%(55/55).nCTCP定性准确度为87.3%(48/55),MRCP为83.6%(46/55);结合2D像,二者分别为94.5%(52/55)、94.5%(52/55).结论 nCTCP、MRCP对胆系梗阻性疾病的诊断具有相近的效果,nCTCP可以作为MRCP检查的一种有效补充技术.2种方法结合2D像,不仅有助于提高定性诊断准确度,而且能提供临床更充分的参考信息.     

ERCP在梗阻性黄疸病因鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:探讨逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogahpy,ERCP)在梗阻性黄疸的病因鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:行ERCP检查并经术后或病理检查确诊的梗阻性黄疸患者49例,其中40例行ERCP、B超、CT检查,比较分析三者的诊断符合率.结果:40例患者同时行ERCP、B超、CT检查,三种影像学诊断符合率分别为77.7%、35.72%、64.77%,其中ERCP对梗阻性黄疸病因的诊断率明显高于B超及CT检查(P<0.05).结论:ERCP在梗阻性黄疸的病因鉴别诊断中具有较高的诊断价值.且优于B超和CT检查.     

超声内镜诊断胆管恶性狭窄13例

目的:比较超声内镜(EUS)、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在诊断胆管恶性狭窄中的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析2008-01/2010-05天津市南开医院76例胆管恶性狭窄患者的EUS、ERCP、MRCP检查结果,比较敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率.结果:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs78.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs57.1%)、阳性预测值(89.1%vs64.5%)、阴性预测值(73.3%vs41.3%)、准确率(91.6%vs71.6%)均明显高于MRCP.EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄敏感性(94.2%vs80.5%)、特异性(84.6%vs68.4%)、准确性(91.6%vs71.6%)明显优于ERCP.结论:EUS诊断胆管恶性狭窄,具有敏感性、特异性及准确性高的优势.     

磁共振胰胆管造影术与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术诊断阻塞性黄疸的价？…

目的：比较磁共振胰胆管造影术（ＭＲＣＰ）与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ＥＲＣＰ）对阻塞性黄疸的诊断价值。方法：５５列阻塞性黄疸患者分别行ＭＲＣＰ和ＥＲＣＰ,其中１例行ＥＲＣＰ失败改行经皮肝胆管造影术（ＰＴＣ）。ＭＲＣＰ采用重Ｔ２加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,ＥＲＣＰ和ＰＴＣ按常规方法进行。结果：ＭＲＣＰ与ＥＲＣＰ（或ＰＴＣ）总的诊断准确率分别为９０．９％（５０／５５）和９８．２％（５４／５５）,     

Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed 42 times in 38 patients aged 14 months to 20 yr at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh from 1982 to 1990. The adult side-viewing duodenoscope, Olympus JF1T, was used for all procedures. Intravenous sedation was used in 68% of the patients, whereas general anesthesia was employed in the remainder. Visualization of the appropriate ductal system was accomplished in 35 patients (92%). No therapeutic maneuvers were performed at endoscopy. Eleven of the 22 patients with ductal abnormalities underwent surgical treatment, based on the ERCP findings. The only complication encountered was mild pancreatitis in three patients (8%), all with a history of pancreatitis. We conclude that ERCP is a safe, useful procedure in the evaluation of children with pancreaticobiliary disorders, and in the identification of surgically correctable lesions in 29% of those patients.     

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Pregnancy

Background : Pancreaticobiliary disease in pregnancy is relatively uncommon. The frequency of choledocholithiasis in pregnancy requiring intervention has been reported to be as low as one in 1200 deliveries. Traditionally, intervention in these patients has been surgical. Although surgery has an overall low morbidity and mortality for the expectant mother, it carries with it a 4- to 6-wk recovery period and a possibly increased risk of fetal wastage. Published information regarding the role and safety of ERCP in pregnancy is limited. This series of 23 pregnant patients undergoing ERCP was collected from six different medical centers. Methods : Twenty-three pregnant patients with symptomatic pancreaticobiliary disease underwent a total of 29 ERCPs (three patients had diagnostic ERCP, and 20 had therapeutic ERCP). Fifteen, eight, and six procedures were performed in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The only ERCP complication was pancreatitis in one patient. There was one spontaneous abortion (3 months after ERCP) and one neonatal death; however, casual relationship to ERCP was not apparent. Conclusion : Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP appears reasonably safe and effective in pregnancy. Cautious and selective use of this procedure offers a viable alternative to surgery or observation in patients with emergent pancreaticobiliary problems.     

Pseudobowel Perforation Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

We report two cases of pneumoperitoneum following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for retained common bile duct (CBD) stones. These post-cholecystectomy patients underwent sphincterotomy, CBD clearance, and “T” tube removal at the same time. Post-procedure, both of the patients developed pneumoperitoneum. Pneumoperitoneum developed as a result of air traversing from the duodenum to the peritoneum through the ruptured “T” tube tract. “T” tube removal in the same sitting as sphincterotomy and CBD clearance may lead to pneumoperitoneum, which can be managed conservatively.     

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Diagnosis of Choledochal Cyst

A 55-year old woman with a choledochal cyst (congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct) is described. The cyst was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP). The cilinical, radiographic and surgical features of the discover are reviewed.