膝关节镜下同种异体髌骨-髌腱-胫骨移植物重建交叉韧带41例

目的探讨应用同种异体髌骨-髌腱-胫骨(B-PT-B)移植物在关节镜监视下重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)、后交叉韧带(PCL)的体会及疗效观察。方法对32例ACL断裂、6例PCL断裂、3例ACL及PCL同时断裂共41例43个膝关节的患者,在关节镜下应用由山西骨组织库提供的同种异体B-PT-B移植物(包括新鲜及经辐射两种材料)进行膝关节交叉韧带重建,同时处理合并伤,观察手术前后生化、免疫学指标的变化及全身及膝关节局部反应,定期检查康复锻炼、关节功能等情况,应用Lysholm评分进行功能评定。结果除1例于术后10d因急性化脓性扁桃体炎致患膝感染(经关节腔冲洗、应用抗生素后治愈),其余患者均未见排异反应及感染发生。38例获得随访,时间4-40个月,所有患膝关节屈伸活动度正常,无膝前区疼痛;6例患者体检有弱阳性或阳性体征,其中2例ACL及PCL均重建者术后抽屉试验阳性需再次行紧缩及后外侧结构重建手术,1例ACL重建者于术后2个月爬山跌倒致重建ACL部分撕裂伤而行紧缩术。术后Lyaholm评分为(92.20±2.14)分,与术前(57.63±7.14)分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论应用同种异体B-PT-B在关节镜下重建膝关节ACL、PCL有良好的手术疗效,可避免自体移植物取材后造成的并发症;同种异体B-PT-B移植物是重建ACL、PCL理想的替代材料。     

关节镜下异体骨-髌腱-骨纤维束重建治疗前交叉韧带部分损伤

目的 探讨异体骨-髌腱-骨纤维束（B-PT-B）重建前交叉韧带（ACL）全部纤维束和部分纤维束的早期疗效。方法在187例采用B-PT-B术式重建ACL的患者中，获得随访的ACL部分束损者共25例，其中采用全部纤维束重建的患者6例，部分纤维束重建19例。术后行X线和KT-1000检查，并按照IKDC、Lysholm、Irgang、Larson评分进行疗效评价。结果 所有患者随访时移植物位置良好，KT-1000检查双侧膝关节前向松弛度差值〈3mm。部分束重建组与全部束重建组各评分系统和分项评分系统无显著性差异。结论 异体B-PT-B重建治疗ACL部分损伤可以取得良好的临床疗效，与ACL全部束重建术相比综合评定无明显差异。     

关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体骨跟腱复合体重建膝前交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体骨跟腱复合体重建损伤的前交叉韧带的方法及疗效.方法 回顾了2005年～2006年间我科收治并在关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体骨跟腱复合体重建损伤的前交叉韧带11例,随访时间12～20个月.对其术前和随访过程中的症状、体征及Lysholm膝关节评分[1]和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)的分级标准评定[2]的情况进行分析.结果 11例术前弹响、交锁和打软腿的症状均消失,无关节不稳的主诉.浮髌试验均为阴性,均无过伸痛,Lachman征、前抽屉试验、轴移试验均为阴性.残留关节轻度疼痛2例.Lysholm评分:术前评分55.26±9.20,术后12个月以上随访评分(90.23±10.55)分(P＜0.01).优秀率81.82%.IKDC评定结果明显优于术前.结论 关节镜下应用深低温冷冻异体骨跟腱复合体重建损伤的前交叉韧带的方法可有效改善膝关节的稳定性;减少了自体肌腱移植所带来的供区损伤;肌腱强度大,供应充足,解决了多根韧带损伤所带来的重建材料匮乏的问题;简化手术步骤,缩短手术时间.未出现明显的免疫反应及关节内感染.     

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带术式与疗效分析

 目的 观察关节镜下不同术式重建前交叉韧带的疗效,根据不同情况选择合适的手术方式.方法 采用Lysholm膝关节评分法,对行自体髌腱骨-腱-骨重建前交叉韧带和异体髌腱骨-腱-骨重建前交叉韧带两种术式及随访资料进行分析.结果 Lysholm膝关节评分:自体髌腱组平均(94.86±1.35),异体髌腱组为(90.00±2.24),两组比较差异显著(P<0.05).膝关节屈曲90°前抽屉应力下侧位片示股骨髁后缘和胫骨平台后缘的切线距离,自体髌腱组为(4.97±0.51)mm,异体髌腱组为(5.4±0.18)mm,两组差异显著(P<0.05).结论 自体髌腱组在Lysholm评分和稳定性方面均优于异体髌腱组,自体髌腱重建前交叉韧带疗效确切,节省经费,是一种比较好的重建方法.     

不同移植物重建前交叉韧带疗效比较

目的:比较分别采用自体骨-髌腱-骨(BPB)、四股腘绳肌腱、异体骨-髌腱-骨关节镜下重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法:选择2006年1月至2010年1月期间获得完整随访的单纯前交叉韧带损伤患者159例,按照移植物不同分为3组:自体腘绳肌腱组、自体骨-髌腱-骨组和异体骨-髌腱-骨组。回顾性分析三组患者术前、术后一般情况,膝关节活动度(ROM)、膝关节稳定性、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分。结果:三组手术前后各项指标有显著差异(P<0.05);术后膝关节活动度(ROM)、膝关节稳定性、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分三组之间未见明显差异(P>0.05);自体骨-髌腱-骨组髌前疼痛发生率为13.89%,显著高于自体腘绳肌腱组和异体骨-髌腱-骨组(P<0.05);异体骨-髌腱-骨组术后需行关节穿刺病例的比率显著高于自体腘绳肌腱组和自体骨-髌腱-骨组(P<0.05),异体骨-髌腱-骨组有1例发生严重感染。结论:三种方法重建前交叉韧带的近期疗效相近,均可以作为前交叉韧带重建选择的移植物;若考虑患者髌前疼痛及感染等情况,自体腘绳肌腱移植物有优势。三种移植物重建前交叉韧带的远期效果还有待进一步研究。     

三种移植物关节镜下重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效比较

目的比较分析膝关节镜下自体骨-髌腱-骨（B-PT-B）、同种异体跟腱和LARS（1igament advanced reinforce．mentsystem,LARS）人工韧带重建前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament,ACL）的临床疗效差异。方法从2008年2月-2010年11月,对156例膝关节ACL损伤患者行关节镜下ACL重建术,其中自体骨-髌腱-骨（B-PT-B）组39例,同种异体跟腱组53例,LARS人工韧带组64例。通过一般情况、前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验、Lysholm、IKDC膝关节评分进行临床疗效评价。结果所有患者随访12-38个月,平均21个月,术后3、6个月各组膝关节Lysholm、IKDC评分,LARS组明显高于其余2组（P〈O．05）。异体跟腱组与自体B-PT-B组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后12月及最后随访时,LARS组略高于其余2组,但3组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在关节镜下应用3种不同移植物重建前交叉韧带的近期疗效均较为满意,LARS组可在术后早期进行膝关节功能活动近期效果优于自体B-PT-B组和异体跟腱组。对于年轻患者．尤其是运动员ACL损伤。LARS人工韧带是一种理想移植材料。     

同种异体组织重建关节韧带临床疗效的初步观察

目的评价同种异体组织重建膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)、后交叉韧带(PCL)、内侧副韧带(MCL)、外侧副韧带(LCL)和肩关节喙锁韧带(CCL)的疗效. 方法回顾调查43例患者,将其分为3组,A组ACL或ACL/MCL损伤34例;B组PCL或PCL/LCL 损伤6例;C组完全肩锁关节损伤3例.分别应用同种异体骨-髌腱-骨(B-PT-B) 、半腱肌腱与股薄肌腱、胫后肌腱、跟腱-骨重建. 结果平均随访19个月, A、B两组术前Lysholm评分63.0±5.6,术后89.0±5.9,手术前后差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01); 术后国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分A级3例(8%),B级23例(58%),C级12例(30%),D级2例(5%).KT2000测定A组手术前后胫骨前移分别为(13.10±0.29)mm和(4.70±1.37)mm;B组胫骨后移则分别为(10.53±2.50)mm和(5.74±1.33)mm,手术前后差异有非常显著性意义 ( P<0.01).术后健患侧比较A、B两组健患差异<3 mm 33例(83%);>5 mm 4例(10%);前后抽屉试验36例(90%)由术前3度恢复至术后平均1.3度.合并MCL/LCL损伤患者的侧方应力试验由术前3度恢复至术后平均1.2度,并呈现明显的硬终点;单纯与复合性ACL或PCL损伤,伸屈正常分别占91%和88%.喙锁韧带重建后X线片显示肩锁关节间隙基本正常,肩锁与肩肱关节活动良好. 结论同种异体移植物重建膝关节ACL、PCL、MCL、LCL与肩关节喙锁韧带疗效满意,是自体组织重建的良好替代物.     

后内束减张经胫骨骨道双束重建后交叉韧带

目的:评估采用后内束减张技术经胫骨骨道双束重建后交叉韧带的初步临床效果。方法:2005年7月至2008年6月,关节镜下后内束减张技术经胫骨骨道双束重建后交叉韧带的24名患者纳入本研究。围手术期观察止血带时间和手术并发症。所有患者平均随访37.0个月(至少24个月),随访内容包括术后膝关节IKDC功能评分、Lysholm评分以及KT-2000膝关节后向松弛度检查。结果:手术平均止血带时间为92分钟,未出现并发症。术后膝关节检查IKDC标准分级结果:A级8例、B级13例、C级3例;Lysholm评分平均89.8±2.8(85～95);双侧膝关节后向KT-2000差值为(2.1±1.3)mm。结论:后内束减张技术经胫骨骨道双束重建后交叉韧带可有效改善膝关节后向稳定性并获满意临床效果。     

异体移植解剖重建前交叉韧带的疗效观察

目的观察前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤后应用深低温冷冻保存的异体骨-ACL-骨钮扣钢板固定法重建ACL后2～4年的中期临床疗效,探讨解剖重建ACL的可行性和必然性。方法自1999年9月至2002年10月,对15例应用深低温冷冻保存的异体骨-ACL-骨钮扣钢板固定法重建ACE的单侧膝关节ACL损伤患者进行回顾分析。平均随访36．9个月,对中期的肌力恢复程度、活动度、Lachman试验、轴移试验、Lysholm评分及X线片隧道扩大现象进行对比研究。结果大腿周径与健侧相差(0．976±0,119)cm。伸膝受限＜3°12例。屈曲受限＜5°13例。Lachman试验均阴性。Lysholm评分从术前(66．2±4．6)分提高至术后(89．4±3．2)分。X线片所显示的隧道无扩大现象。结论关节镜引导下应用深低温冷冻保存的异体骨-ACL-骨钮扣钢板固定法重建ACL,可以使ACL同时达到等长重建和解剖重建。在重建ACL方面,骨-ACL-骨更有利于ACL的功能恢复。     

关节镜下手术治疗膝关节前交叉韧带急性损伤

目的 探索关节镜下微创诊断、修复与重建急性膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）的方法 。方法 对356例ACL急性损伤的患者施行早期关节镜治疗,关节镜下采用自体中1/3髌韧带两端带骨块（B-PT-B）重建前交叉韧带,随访2年,采用Lysholm评分系统评价效果。结果 平均随访2年,Lysholm评分由术前平均40±6分提高到术后平均80±9分。结论 ACL急性损伤时,早期施以关节镜手术,创伤小,可同时处理合并伤,对于早期稳定膝关节有重要的作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.