酸性复灌液对再灌注未成熟心肌细胞线粒体功能的影响

目的:观察酸性复灌液对未成熟心肌细胞线粒体功能的作用。方法:采用兔Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,分为缺血/再灌组(I/R组,8只)和酸性灌注组(E组,8只)。I/R组灌流20min后缺血60min,用pH7.4HEPES-KH液恢复灌注100min;E组pH 7.4HEPES-KH液灌流20min后缺血60min,用pH 6.8、pH 7.1和pH 7.4HEPES-KH液依次灌注5min、5min和90min。测定心肌组织ATP含量、心肌细胞内和心肌线粒体Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATPase活性、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力[ATP]m、心肌线粒体超微结构。结果:与I/R组相比,E组ATP含量、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATPase活性和[ATP]m均优于I/R组(均P0.01),心肌细胞内和心肌线粒体Ca2+含量均低于I/R组(均P0.01),E组线粒体结构损伤较I/R组明显减轻。结论:梯度酸性复灌液对离体未成熟心肌细胞线粒体功能具有明显保护作用。     

黄芪注射液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芪对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及机制。方法SD大鼠30只随机分为3组,非缺血灌注组(C组):正常灌注80min;缺血再灌注组(I/R组):灌流20min后,停灌30min,再灌30min;黄芪-缺血再灌注(H I/R组):K-H液中加入黄芪注射液(10mg/L),灌流20min后,开始停灌30min,再灌含有黄芪的K-H液30min。观察黄芪对大鼠全心缺血-再灌注心功能、肌酸激酶(CK)、心肌丙二醛(MDA)的影响。结果①心功能:H I/R组较I/R组显著改善缺血再灌注心肌的心功能;②心肌酶谱:C组在整个灌流过程中CK含量很低,I/R组在30min复灌后有大量的CK漏出,CK值高于C组(P<0.01),H I/R组冠状动脉流出液中CK为(1.20±0.02)IU/(gwt·min),I/R组为(2.32±0.06)IU/(gwt·min);③MDA:黄芪灌注后心肌组织中MDA明显下降。结论黄芪通过抑制氧自由基的产生、改善心肌舒张功能而发挥拮抗心肌再灌注损伤作用。     

七氟醚后处理对大鼠离体心肌缺血/再灌注时线粒体融合蛋白2表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨七氟醚后处理对大鼠离体心肌缺血/再灌注时线粒体融合蛋白2（Mfn2）表达及细胞凋亡的影响。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠,体重220g~280g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为假手术组（S组）、缺血/再灌注组（I/R组）、七氟醚后处理组（Sev组）。采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流系统建立心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型。K-H液平衡灌注30min后,S组继续灌注K-H液150min;I/R组停灌30min,复灌120min;Sev组停灌30min后灌注含3%七氟醚饱和的K-H液5min,再用K-H液冲洗10min,继续灌注K-H液,总灌注时间为120min。于再灌注结束时取心肌组织,采用免疫组化法测定Mfn2蛋白表达,TUNEL法测定心肌细胞凋亡,计算心肌细胞凋亡指数（AI）。电镜下观察心肌细胞及线粒体的超微结构。结果与S组比较,I/R组和Sev组Mfn2蛋白表达下调,AI增加（P〈0.05）;与I/R组比较,Sev组Mfn2蛋白表达上调,AI降低（P〈0.05）。电镜结果显示I/R组心肌细胞线粒体出现较重损伤,线粒体膜断裂,嵴不规则或消失。Sev组心肌细胞线粒体损伤较轻,线粒体形态完整。结论七氟醚后处理对大鼠离体心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与上调心肌组织Mfn2表达,保护线粒体形态完整,减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

MCU及线粒体分裂介导的曲美他嗪抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

目的探讨线粒体钙单向转运蛋白(MCU)和线粒体分裂在曲美他嗪(TMZ)保护心肌避免缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)中的作用。方法建立小鼠心肌I/R的动物模型,观察TMZ给药对心肌细胞凋亡的作用;建立原代C57BL6乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧模型(H/R),给与TMZ处理,观察TMZ加入对H/R引起的线粒体MCU表达、线粒体分裂、细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的作用。通过转染siRNA敲低MCU、腺病毒载体过表达MCU等干预措施,探讨MCU表达对线粒体分裂和细胞凋亡的作用机制。结果在小鼠模型中TMZ可抑制I/R损伤引起的心肌凋亡。体外实验中H/R引起MCU表达上调,增加线粒体分裂和细胞凋亡,而siRNA敲低MCU可逆转这些损伤改变;TMZ下调H/R引起的MCU的高表达并抑制胞浆线粒体分裂蛋白向线粒体转移,从而减少线粒体分裂及细胞凋亡;过表达MCU能取消TMZ对H/R的保护作用。结论 TMZ通过下调MCU的表达,减少线粒体分裂,抑制凋亡,从而减轻心肌I/R损伤。     

姜黄素后处理通过血红素氧合酶1发挥对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的　探讨姜黄素后处理对心肌缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的作用及其可能的机制。方法　选用48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、I/R组、姜黄素后处理组和姜黄素+ZnPPⅨ后处理组。结扎雄性SD大鼠冠状动脉左前降支,使心肌缺血30　min,再灌注6　h造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,并于缺血30　min后再灌注前1　分钟内由舌下静脉推注姜黄素或ZnPPⅨ。检测各组大鼠的心肌病理改变以及心功能改变、血浆中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及心肌组织中血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）活性和表达改变。结果　与I/R组比较,姜黄素后处理可明显上调HO-1活性和表达,并能显著抑制I/R后的心肌氧化应激损伤反应。这一保护作用可被HO-1抑制剂ZnPPⅨ部分消除。结论　姜黄素后处理可通过抗氧化作用减轻心肌I/R损伤,其保护作用与上调HO-1蛋白的活性和表达有关。     

抑制羰基应激改善老龄小鼠心肌缺血预处理的保护作用

目的 本研究旨在探讨激活乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）对老龄小鼠缺血预处理（IPC）心肌保护作用的影响。通过观察成年和老龄小鼠心肌沉默信息调节因子相关酶1（SIRT1）活性在IPC过程中的差异,分析老龄鼠心肌IPC保护作用减退的可能机制。方法 成年（2月龄）和老龄（20月龄）雄性C57小鼠（每组各6只）在体给予3个5min缺血/5min再灌注循环的IPC处理后,以冠状动脉左前降支结扎缺血30min再灌注4h建立在体小鼠急性心肌I/R模型。离体心脏行Langendorff灌流给予3个循环的5min停流/5min再灌注以模拟全心IPC,同时记录心功能变化。在体或离体再灌注结束后取心肌组织检测ALDH2和SIRT1活性,及蛋白质羰基化程度。结果 与成年组相比,IPC处理并不能有效地改善衰老心肌的I/R损伤和SIRT1活性。检测心肌ALDH2活性显示,老龄鼠心肌ALDH2的活性较成年组显著降低并导致衰老心肌在I/R后出现羰基应激增强（均P＜0.05）。IPC并不能有效改善老龄鼠心肌ALDH2活性和羰基应激程度。预先激活老龄鼠心肌的ALDH2可显著抑制衰老心肌的羰基应激,改善IPC对老龄鼠I/R心肌SIRT1有激活作用（P＜0.05）,进而促进老龄鼠心肌I/R后收缩舒张功能的恢复。结论 激活心肌ALDH2可显著改善老龄鼠心肌IPC的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制羰基应激引起的SIRT1失活有关。     

复方刺五加注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察复方刺五加注射液（CASI）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（I/R）损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法通过结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30min,再灌注120min,建立心肌I/R损伤模型,计算心肌梗死范围（MIS）,测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶（AST）、磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）含量,血浆前列环素（PGI2）及血栓素A2（TXA2）水平。结果CASI40、80mg/kg对心肌I/R损伤大鼠,可明显缩小MIS,降低血清AST、CK、LDH活性及MDA含量,提高SOD及GSH-Px活性,使血浆TXA2水平明显下降,PGI2水平及PGI2/TXA2比值明显增高。结论CASI对大鼠心肌I/R损伤具有明显保护作用,可能与其减少自由基对心肌的氧化损伤,增强抗氧化酶活性,纠正PGI2/TXA2失衡等机制有关。     

硒对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤线粒体的保护作用

目的观察硒对家兔心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤线粒体的保护作用。方法将24只家兔随机分成3组,即假手术组、缺血再灌注组、硒组。分别检测线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 I/R组与假手术组相比,MDA含量明显增高(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px含量明显降低(P<0.05)。硒组与I/R组相比,MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px含量明显增高(P<0.05)。结论硒对家兔心肌I/R损伤线粒体有保护作用,其机制与提高线粒体SOD、GSH-Px活性,清除自由基有关。     

不同缺血预处理对未成熟心肌细胞功能的影响

目的比较不同方法的缺血预处理对未成熟心肌细胞功能的影响。方法采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型。分为4组:缺血/再灌注(I/R)组,离体心脏灌注15min转为工作心15min后停灌45min,恢复灌注15min改为工作心30min;心脏缺血预处理(MIP)组:离体心脏灌注15min转为工作心15min后反复2次缺血5min/再灌注5min,然后重复I/R组缺血/再灌注方法;肾缺血预处理(RIP)组:反复三次阻断左肾动脉5min,放开5min,切取心脏,重复I/R组方法;双下肢缺血预处理(DLIP)组:反复3次捆扎双下肢5min,松开5min,切取心脏,重复I/R组方法。以血清肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率、心肌组织三磷腺苷(ATP)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、心肌细胞内Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATPase活性及其Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体合成三磷腺苷能力[ATP]m作为观察指标。结果MIP、RIP及DLIP组ATP含量、SOD活性、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATPase活性、[ATP]m均高于I/R组(P<0.01),MDA含量、CK、LDH漏出率、心肌细胞内Ca2+含量、心肌线粒体Ca2+含量均低于I/R组(P<0.01)。结论肾缺血预处理、双下肢缺血预处理与心脏缺血预处理有同等的心肌细胞保护作用。     

激活乙醛脱氢酶2抑制老年大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的 衰老心肌对缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的耐受能力显著降低,导致老年心肌缺血易损性。本研究旨在探讨乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）激动剂Alda-1对老年大鼠心肌I/R损伤的影响。方法 成年（3～4月龄,40只）和老年（22～24月龄,40只）雄性SD大鼠随机分为I/R组和I/R+Alda-1治疗组。采用冠状动脉左前降支结扎缺血30min再灌注4h建立在体大鼠急性心肌I/R模型,于再灌注前5min经静脉分别以2ml/（kg·h）速度分别输注生理盐水（0.9% NaCl）和Alda-1（16mg/kg）并持续到再灌注结束。于术中监测血流动力学指标,再灌注结束后取心肌组织检测ALDH2活性、蛋白质羰基化程度和心肌内活性氧簇（ROS）水平,抽取血样检测LDH水平。结果 检测心肌ALDH2活性显示,老年心肌ALDH2活性较成年组显著降低。与成年组相比,老年心肌缺血再灌注损伤显著加重,表现为心肌收缩舒张速率显著降低,血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平显著增加（均P＜0.05）。再灌注期Alda-1治疗可有效提高老年I/R心肌ALDH2活性（P＜0.05）,并显著抑制老年大鼠的上述心肌缺血再灌注损伤（均P＜0.05）。老年组I/R心肌中蛋白质羰基化程度和ROS生成较成年I/R心肌显著增加（均P＜0.05）。Alda-1治疗可有效改善老年I/R心肌中的蛋白质羰基化和ROS水平。结论 激活心肌ALDH2可显著改善衰老心肌抗I/R损伤能力,其机制可能与减轻I/R导致的蛋白质氧化损伤有关。     

Mediated protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment by miR-214 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected     

益心康含药血清对氧应激致大鼠心肌线粒体呼吸链酶损伤的保护作用

目的研究氧应激对大鼠心肌线粒体呼吸链酶活性的影响及中药复方益心康胶囊(H303)含药血清对损伤的保护作用。方法 利用氧应激损伤体系(Fe2+/VitC)与大鼠心肌线粒体共同孵育30min,观察对线粒体呼吸链酶-琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)的影响。结果 大鼠心肌线粒体氧应激后,可致SDH及CCO活性明显降低。H303含药血清可使损伤明显减轻,表现为明显增强上述两种酶的活性。结论 H303含药血清对氧应激造成的线粒体呼吸链关键酶活性的降低具有保护作用。     

促红细胞生成素衍生肽抑制细胞自噬减轻小鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨促红细胞生成素衍生肽即螺旋B表面肽(helix B surface peptide,HBSP)对缺血/再灌注(I/R)诱导小鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法 将56只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成4组:假手术(Sham)组、I/R组、I/R+HBSP组、I/R+HBSP+Wortmannin(I/R+HBSP+Wort)组。将原代心肌细胞随机分成4组:空白对照(Control)组、缺氧/复氧(H/R)组、H/R+HBSP组、H/R+HBSP+Wortmannin(H/R+HBSP+Wort)组。分别使用超声检测系统测定左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS);双染法测定心肌梗死面积,Western blot检测蛋白表达及磷酸化水平,电镜观察细胞自噬小体及线粒体,共聚焦显微镜观察LC3(细胞自噬强度常用指标)数量。结果 与I/R组比较,I/R+HBSP组LVEF、左室FS增高(P<0.05),心肌梗死面积缩小(P<0.05),心肌细胞自噬小体数量减少。与I/R+HBSP组比较,I/R+HBSP+Wort组LVEF、左室FS下降(P<0.05),心肌梗死面积增加(P<0.05),心肌细胞自噬小体数量增加。与H/R组比较,H/R+HBSP组中p-Akt、p-mTOR及P62表达升高(P<0.05),LC3-II/LC3-I比值下降(P<0.05),LC3数量减少(P<0.05)。与H/R+HBSP组比较,H/R+ HBSP+Wort组中p-Akt、p-mTOR及P62表达下降(P<0.05),LC3-II/LC3-I比值升高(P<0.05),LC3数量增加(P<0.05)。结论 促红细胞生成素衍生肽能显著抑制细胞自噬减轻小鼠心肌I/R损伤,其保护效应可能与激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR转导通路相关。     

Melatonin ameliorates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through SIRT3‐dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis

Sirtuins are a family of highly evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine nucleotide‐dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) is a member of the sirtuin family that is localized primarily to the mitochondria and protects against oxidative stress‐related diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Melatonin has a favorable effect in ameliorating MI/R injury. We hypothesized that melatonin protects against MI/R injury by activating the SIRT3 signaling pathway. In this study, mice were pretreated with or without a selective SIRT3 inhibitor and then subjected to MI/R operation. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) 10 minutes before reperfusion. Melatonin treatment improved postischemic cardiac contractile function, decreased infarct size, diminished lactate dehydrogenase release, reduced the apoptotic index, and ameliorated oxidative damage. Notably, MI/R induced a significant decrease in myocardial SIRT3 expression and activity, whereas the melatonin treatment upregulated SIRT3 expression and activity, and thus decreased the acetylation of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). In addition, melatonin increased Bcl‐2 expression and decreased Bax, Caspase‐3, and cleaved Caspase‐3 levels in response to MI/R. However, the cardioprotective effects of melatonin were largely abolished by the selective SIRT3 inhibitor 3‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (3‐TYP), suggesting that SIRT3 plays an essential role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of melatonin. In vitro studies confirmed that melatonin also protected H9c2 cells against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury (SIR) by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, while SIRT3‐targeted siRNA diminished these effects. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that melatonin treatment ameliorates MI/R injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating the SIRT3 signaling pathway.     

Histamine H2 receptor activation exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by disturbing mitochondrial and endothelial function

There is evidence that H2R blockade improves ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Histamine is known to increase vascular permeability and induce apoptosis, and these effects are closely associated with endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, respectively. Here, we investigated whether activation of the histamine H2 receptor (H2R) exacerbates myocardial I/R injury by increasing mitochondrial and endothelial permeability. Serum histamine levels were measured in patients with coronary heart disease, while the influence of H2R activation was assessed on mitochondrial and endothelial function in cultured cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells, and myocardial I/R injury in mice. The serum histamine level was more than twofold higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction than in patients with angina or healthy controls. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, histamine dose-dependently reduced viability and induced apoptosis. Mitochondrial permeability and the levels of p-ERK1/2, Bax, p-DAPK2, and caspase 3 were increased by H2R agonists. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), H2R activation increased p-ERK1/2 and p-moesin levels and also enhanced permeability of HUVEC monolayer. All of these effects were abolished by the H2R blocker famotidine or the ERK inhibitor U0126. After I/R injury or permanent ischemia, the infarct size was reduced by famotidine and increased by an H2R agonist in wild-type mice. In H2R KO mice, the infarct size was smaller; myocardial p-ERK1/2, p-DAPK2, and mitochondrial Bax were downregulated. These findings indicate that H2R activation exaggerates myocardial I/R injury by promoting myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and by increasing cardiac vascular endothelial permeability.     

Curcumin Protects from Cardiac Reperfusion Damage by Attenuation of Oxidant Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

This study was designed to investigate whether the pretreatment with curcumin, a yellow pigment from turmeric (Curcuma longa) known for its potent antioxidant capacity, was able to protect against the oxidant damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. Rats were treated with a daily intragastric dose of curcumin (200 mg/kg) for 7 days prior to experimental ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (60 min) (I/R). Cardiac mechanical work was measured during periods of stabilization, ischemia, and reperfusion. Oxidant stress and activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured in both homogenates of cardiac tissue and in isolated mitochondria. In addition, oxygen consumption was measured in isolated mitochondria. It was found that curcumin pretreatment attenuates the I/R injury as evidenced by (a) loss of cardiac mechanical work, (b) oxidant stress (increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in reduced glutathione content) and (c) decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in both cardiac tissue and isolated mitochondria, and (d) decrease in mitochondrial respiratory capacity. In conclusion, the protective effect of curcumin was associated with the attenuation of oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to I/R injury.     

Oral pretreatment with ebselen enhances heat shock protein 72 expression and reduces myocardial infarct size.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhance myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ebselen, a seleno-organic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mimetic, has a protective effect against tissue injury induced by ROS. However, the cardio-protective effect of orally administered ebselen has never been investigated in cardiac I/R injury. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of orally administered ebselen on experimental myocardial infarction. Isolated perfused rabbit hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion, with or without oral administration of ebselen 24 h before I/R, with or without enhanced oxidative stress by H202 infusion for the first 1 min of reperfusion. The recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was significantly improved, and the myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced by ebselen. The recovery of LVDP and the myocardial infarct size were markedly aggravated by H202 infusion. These enhancements by H202 were dose-dependently suppressed by ebselen, along with a reduction in myocardial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, a marker for oxidative DNA damage. The myocardial reduced glutathione (GSH) level was preserved by ebselen. Ebselen markedly enhanced myocardial heat shock protein (HSP) 72 expression. The cardioprotective effect of ebselen-induced HSP72 was confirmed by MTT assay in isolated cardiomyocytes using KNK437, a novel HSP inhibitor. In conclusion, an oral administration of ebselen 24 h before I/R provided excellent cardioprotective effects, at least in part through HSP72 induction and GSH preservation.     

Protective effect of curcumin against liver warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model is associated with regulation of heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes

AIM： To investigate the hypothesis that the protective effects of curcumin in hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury are associated with increasing heat shock protein 70 （Hsp70） expression and antioxidant enzyme activity. METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, C ＋ I/R groups. The model of reduced-size liver warm ischemia and reperfusion was used. Curcumin （50 mg/kg） was administered by injection through a branch of superior mesenteric vein at 30 min before ischemia in C ＋ I/R group. Five rats were used to investigate the survival during 1 wk after operation in each group. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained in the remaining animals after 3, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion to assess serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, liver tissue NO2- ＋ NO3-, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, nitricoxide synthase （NOS） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） activity, HspT0 expression and apoptosis ratio. RESULTS： Compared with I/R group, curcumin pretreatment group showed less ischemia/reperfusioninduced injury. CAT and SOD activity and Hsp70 expression increased significantly. A higher rate of apoptosis was observed in I/R group than in C ＋ I/R group, and a significant increase of MDA, NO2^- ＋ NO3^- and MPO level in liver tissues and serum transaminase concentration was also observed in I/R group compared to C ＋ I/R group. Curcumin also decreased the activity of inducible NO synthase （iNOS） in liver after reperfusion,but had no effect on the level of endothelial NO synthase （eNOS） after reperfusion in liver. The 7 d survival rate was significantly higher in C ＋ I/R group than in I/R group. CONCLUSION： Curcumin has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury. Its mechanism might be related to the overexpression of Hsp70 and antioxidant enzymes.     

线粒体连接蛋白43参与缺血后处理对兔急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨线粒体连接蛋白43(connexin43,Cx43)和线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道(mitoK_(ATP)~+)在缺血后处理保护兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 新西兰大白兔64只,建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,给予冠状动脉左前降支30 min缺血,240 min再灌注.随机分为4组,每组16只:假手术组、缺血再灌注组、缺血后处理组和5-羟葵酸加缺血后处理组.测定血浆磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量以及心肌梗死面积,采用电子显微镜观测心肌线粒体结构变化,Western blot检测线粒体Cx43蛋白表达.结果 缺血后处理组心肌梗死面积为(19.1±3.9)%,明显低于缺血再灌注组(35.7±5.8)%,P＜0.01.再灌注4 h末血浆CK-MB与cTnI活性,缺血后处理组明显低于缺血再灌注组和5-羟葵酸加缺血后处理组(P＜0.01).与假手术组比较,其他各组线粒体均损伤明显(P均＜0.01);缺血后处理组线粒体损伤程度轻于缺血再灌注组(P＜0.01);缺血后处理组线粒体损伤程度明显轻于5-羟葵酸加缺血后处理组(P＜0.01).缺血再灌注组和5-羟葵酸加缺血后处理组线粒体Cx43蛋白表达均显著低于假手术组(P均＜0.05);缺血后处理组心肌线粒体Cx43蛋白表达明显高于缺血再灌注组(P＜0.05);缺血后处理组心肌线粒体Cx43蛋白表达明显高于5-羟葵酸加缺血后处理组(P＜0.05).结论 线粒体Cx43可能参与了缺血后处理的心肌保护作用,其机制可能与mitoK_(ATP)~+有关.     

丹参多酚酸盐预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防护作用

目的:观察丹参多酚酸盐预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防护作用。方法:将健康成年雄性SD大鼠40只随机分为假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、低剂量组(LD组)和高剂量组(HD组)。采用结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)30min、恢复灌注120min制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型。分别于药物输注前(T1),LAD阻断后30min(T2),LAD开放后30min(T3)、3h(T4)、6h(T5)、24h(T6)共6个时点测定血清一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及肌钙蛋白(cTnI)水平。结果:与I/R组比较,LD组和HD组血清CK-MB、LDH、cTnI、MDA及NOS水平显著降低,SOD与GPX含量显著上升(均P<0.05)。结论:丹参多酚酸盐预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的防护作用。