用HPLC法测定复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊4组分的含量

目的 :采用HPLC法同时测定复方对乙酰氨基酚胶囊中对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、咖啡因、和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量。方法 :色谱柱为ODSC18,15 0mm× 4 .6mm ;流动相 :甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol/L磷酸二氢钾 三乙胺 (15∶85∶0 .0 2 ) ,用磷酸调pH至 3.4 ,检测波长 2 15nm。结果 :线性范围分别为 :对乙酰氨基酚 5 0～ 35 0 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9997)、盐酸伪麻黄碱 6 .0～ 4 2μg·mL-1(r=0 .9938)、咖啡因 6 .0～ 4 2 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9998)、马来酸氯苯那敏 0 .6～ 4 .2 μg·mL-1(r =0 .9999)。平均回收率分别为 :对乙酰氨基酚 10 2 .3%、盐酸伪麻黄碱 10 0 .9%、咖啡因 10 1.8%、马来酸氯苯那敏 10 1.5 %。结论 :本法分离度好 ,快速 ,简便 ,可同时测定该胶囊中的四组分。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定泰必治注射液A中4种组分的含量

目的 :采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定泰必治注射液A中盐酸利多卡因、地塞米松、卡巴芬乙酸 (钠盐 )与保泰松钠 4种组分的含量。方法 :采用YWG -C1 8(10 μm ,4 5mm× 15 0mm)色谱柱 ,以乙腈 -水 (4 5∶5 5 ,含 2 5mmol·L- 1十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 )为流动相 ,流速 1 5mL·min- 1 ,柱温 40℃ ,检测波长 2 30nm。结果 :本法可同时测定 4种组分的含量。盐酸利多卡因在 13～ 6 4μg·mL- 1 、地塞米松在 4 5～ 38μg·mL- 1 、卡巴芬乙酸 (钠盐 )在 2 6 9～ 16 14μg·mL- 1 、保泰松钠在 40 2～ 2 0 77μg·mL- 1 范围内 ,峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率 (n =5 )依次为 99 9% (RSD =1 2 % ) ,10 1 0 % (RSD =0 4% ) ,10 0 5 % (RSD =0 2 % ) ,10 0 6 % (RSD =0 8% )。结论 :方法简便、快速、准确 ,可作为样品的检测方法。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定来氟米特及A771726

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱同时测定来氟米特及A77172 6的方法。方法 :采用HypersilODSC18柱 ,乙腈-醋酸盐缓冲液为流动相 ,检测波长分别为 2 6 0nm及 2 90nm ,流速 1 40mL·min-1,进样量 2 0 μL ,肉桂酸为内标。结果 :能同时测定来氟米特及A77172 6 ,来氟米特线性范围 0 79～ 31 6 0 μg·mL-1(r =0 9999) ,平均回收率为 10 0 3% (RSD =0 76 % ) ;A77172 6线性范围 0 35～ 14 0 0 μg·mL-1(r =0 9996 ) ,平均回收率为 99 6 9%(RSD =0 95 % )。结论 :本法简便、快速、准确     

高效液相色谱法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素和氢化可的松的含量

目的 :用HPLC法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松的含量。方法 :采用C18色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1KH2 PO4 三乙胺 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .2 ) ,用磷酸调 pH3.7,检测波长 2 5 7nm。结果 :盐酸麻黄素在 36 0～ 6 0 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ,回收率 10 1.3% ,RSD为 1.0 %。氢化可的松在 36～ 6 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9998) ,回收率 10 1.5 % ,RSD为 1.0 %。结论 :该方法可同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松含量。     

HPCE同时测定黄强软膏中盐酸小檗碱和泼尼松的含量

目的建立简便、快速的同时测定黄强软膏中盐酸小檗碱和泼尼松含量的高效毛细管电泳。方法以未涂层弹性石英毛细管(41 cm×50 μm,有效分离长度33 cm)为分离通道,30 mmol·L-1四硼酸钠(pH 11. 0)-甲醇(7∶3)为运行缓冲溶液,进样时间10 s,运行电压15 kV。紫外检测波长为238 nm。结果盐酸小檗碱在32.0～512 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99. 4%,RSD为1. 2%;泼尼松在16.0～256 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 0),平均回收率为99. 8%,RSD为1. 4%。结论本法简便、快速,准确,为黄强软膏的质量控制提供了新的检测手段。     

HPLC法测定复方黄连素注射液中甲氧苄啶和硫酸氢黄连素的含量

目的　建立采用高效液相色谱分离复方黄连素注射液中的甲氧苄啶和硫酸氢黄连素的方法。方法　色谱柱为KromasilODS(5 μg ,4 6mm× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相为乙腈— 0 0 0 5mol·L- 1 庚烷磺酸钠溶液 (4 0 :60 ,用冰醋酸调节pH至 3 0 ) ,流速1 0mL·min- 1 ,检测波长 2 70nm。结果　线性范围分别是 :甲氧苄啶 7 5 1～ 15 0 12 μg·mL- 1 ,r =0 9999;硫酸氢黄连素 2 5 1～5 0 14 μg·mL- 1 ,r=0 9999。回收率 :甲氧苄 10 0 3 % ;硫酸氢黄连素 99 9%。结论　本方法简便 ,结果准确可靠 ,适用于该制剂两组分的同时测定     

高效液相色谱法测定复方替硝唑搽剂中替硝唑和水杨酸的含量

目的 :建立测定复方替硝唑搽剂中替硝唑和水杨酸含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 :采用反相ODS色谱柱 ,甲醇 - 0 0 2mol·L-1KH2 PO4 溶液 (5 0∶5 0 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 315nm。结果 :替硝唑和水杨酸的线性范围分别在5 0～ 35 0 μg·mL-1(r=0 9997) ,40 0～ 16 0 0 μg·mL-1(r =0 9997) ;加样回收率分别为 10 0 6 % (RSD =0 6 9% )及 10 0 6 % (RSD =0 79% ) ;日内RSD为 0 16 %～ 1 2 %和 0 6 1%～ 1 2 % ,n =12 ,日间RSD为 0 2 4%～ 1 7%和0 2 %～ 1 1% ,n =4。结论 :HPLC法可用于复方替硝唑搽剂的含量测定 ,方法准确、灵敏 ,专属性强     

HPLC同时测定血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平的浓度

目的 :建立同时测定微量血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度的方法。方法 :采用HPLC法 ,以巴比妥为内标同时测定。KromasilC18不锈钢色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 水 (5 7∶43) ,流速 0 .8ml·min 1,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :检测浓度范围苯妥英为 4.0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r=0 .9995 ) ,苯巴比妥 5 .0～ 6 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9996 ) ,卡马西平为2 .5～ 2 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9992 )。最低检测限分别为 1.0 μg·ml 1、2 .0 μg·ml 1和 0 .5 μg·ml 1;平均回收率分别为99.2 2 %、99.6 8%和 98.6 2 % ;日内和日间RSD均低于 5 % (n =5 )。结论 :该法准确、灵敏度高 ,重复性好 ,可作为 3种血药浓度监测的常规方法     

HPLC测定新复方大青叶片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因含量

建立测定新复方大青叶片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因含量的HPLC。采用反相ODS色谱柱 ,甲醇 -水(2 0∶80 )为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 80nm。对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因的线性范围分别在 2 0～ 60 μg·ml-1(r =0 9998) ,2～ 6μg·ml-1(r =0 9997) ;平均回收率分别为 98 82 % (RSD =1 74 % ) ,99 4 5 % (RSD =2 0 4 % ) ,n =5。HPLC测定新复方大青叶片中对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因含量 ,方法准确、灵敏、回收率高     

双波长比值光谱法测定溴咖合剂中咖啡因和苯甲酸的含量

目的　用双波长比值法测定溴咖合剂中咖啡因和苯甲酸含量。方法　以 0 1mol·L-1盐酸为溶剂 ,选择比值光谱上两个特征波长 2 6 6 3nm和 2 36 2nm处 ,对两组份进行测定。结果　咖啡因在 3～ 16 μg·ml-1,苯甲酸在4～ 2 2 μg·ml-1浓度范围内 ,线性关系良好 ,r分别为 0 9998、0 9999,平均回收率及RSD分别为 10 0 3%、0 4 % ;99 4 %、0 5 %。结论　所用方法简便、快速、准确     

Safety assessment of poloxamers 101, 105, 108, 122, 123, 124, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 212, 215, 217, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 282, 284, 288, 331, 333, 334, 335, 338, 401, 402, 403, and 407, poloxamer 105 benzoate, and poloxamer 182 dibenzoate as used in cosmetics

Poloxamers are polyoxyethlyene, polyoxypropylene block polymers. The impurities of commercial grade Poloxamer 188, as an example, include low-molecular-weight substances (aldehydes and both formic and acetic acids), as well as 1,4-dioxane and residual ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Most Poloxamers function in cosmetics as surfactants, emulsifying agents, cleansing agents, and/or solubilizing agents, and are used in 141 cosmetic products at concentrations from 0.005% to 20%. Poloxamers injected intravenously in animals are rapidly excreted in the urine, with some accumulation in lung, liver, brain, and kidney tissue. In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers generally were ineffective in wound healing, but were effective in reducing postsurgical adhesions in several test systems. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg. Short-term intravenous doses up to 4 g/kg of Poloxamer 108 produced no change in body weights, but did result in diffuse hepatocellular vacuolization, renal tubular dilation in kidneys, and dose-dependent vacuolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. A short-term inhalation toxicity study of Poloxamer 101 at 97 mg/m(3) identified slight alveolitis after 2 weeks of exposure, which subsided in the 2-week postexposure observation period. A short-term dermal toxicity study of Poloxamer 184 in rabbits at doses up to 1000 mg/kg produced slight erythema and slight intradermal inflammatory response on histological examination, but no dose-dependent body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, or organ weight changes. A 6-month feeding study in rats and dogs of Poloxamer 188 at exposures up to 5% in the diet produced no adverse effects. Likewise, Poloxamer 331 (tested up to 0.5 g/kg day(-1)), Poloxamer 235 (tested up to 1.0 g/kg day(-1)), and Poloxamer 338 (at 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced no adverse effects in dogs. Poloxamer 338 (at 5.0 g/kg day(-1)) produced slight transient diarrhea in dogs. Poloxamer 188 at levels up to 7.5% in diet given to rats in a 2-year feeding study produced diarrhea at 5% and 7.5% levels, a small decrease in growth at the 7.5% level, but no change in survival. Doses up to 0.5 mg/kg day(-1) for 2 years using rats produced yellow discoloration of the serum, high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activities. Poloxamers are minimal ocular irritants, but are not dermal irritants or sensitizers in animals. Data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of Poloxamers were not found. An Ames test did not identify any mutagenic activity of Poloxamer 407, with or without metabolic activation. Several studies have suggested anticarcinogenic effects of Poloxamers. Poloxamers appear to increase the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. In clinical testing, Poloxamer 188 increased the hydration of feces when used in combination with a bulk laxative treatment. Compared to controls, one study of angioplasty patients receiving Poloxamer 188 found a reduced myocardial infarct size and a reduced incidence of reinfarction, with no evidence of toxicity, but two other studies found no effect. Poloxamer 188 given to patients suffering from sickle cell disease had decreased pain and decreased hospitilization, compared to controls. Clinical tests of dermal irritation and sensitization were uniformly negative. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel stressed that the cosmetic industry should continue to use the necessary purification procedures to keep the levels below established limits for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and 1,4-dioxane. The Panel did note the absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity data, but, based on molecular weight and solubility, there should be little skin penetration and any penetration of the skin should be slow. Also, the available data demonstrate that Poloxamers that are introduced into the body via routes other than dermal exposure have a rapid clearance from the body, suggesting that there would be no risk of reproductive and/or developmental toxicity. Overall, the available data do not suggest any concern about carcinogenesis. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used, and at what concentration, indicates a pattern of use. Based on these safety test data and the information that the manufacturing process can be controlled to limit unwanted impurities, the Panel concluded that these Poloxamers are safe as used.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Arformoterol: (R,R)-eformoterol, (R,R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R,R-eformoterol, R,R-formoterol

Sepracor in the US is developing arformoterol [R,R-formoterol], a single isomer form of the beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist formoterol [eformoterol]. This isomer contains two chiral centres and is being developed as an inhaled preparation for the treatment of respiratory disorders. Sepracor believes that arformoterol has the potential to be a once-daily therapy with a rapid onset of action and a duration of effect exceeding 12 hours. In 1995, Sepracor acquired New England Pharmaceuticals, a manufacturer of metered-dose and dry powder inhalers, for the purpose of preparing formulations of levosalbutamol and arformoterol. Phase II dose-ranging clinical studies of arformoterol as a longer-acting, complementary bronchodilator were completed successfully in the fourth quarter of 2000. Phase III trials of arformoterol began in September 2001. The indications for the drug appeared to be asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, an update of the pharmaceutical product information on the Sepracor website in September 2003 listed COPD maintenance therapy as the only indication for arformoterol. In October 2002, Sepracor stated that two pivotal phase III studies were ongoing in 1600 patients. Sepracor estimates that its NDA submission for arformoterol, which is projected for the first half of 2004, will include approximately 3000 adult subjects. Sepracor stated in July 2003 that it had completed more than 100 preclinical studies and initiated or completed 15 clinical studies for arformoterol inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD. In addition, Sepracor stated that the two pivotal phase III studies in 1600 patients were still progressing. In 1995, European patents were granted to Sepracor for the use of arformoterol in the treatment of asthma, and the US patent application was pending.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Oral Presentations (LDD, LPES, LNM, LPAT, LNT, LPPT, LPM)

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. The main problem of such products is the poor survival of the probiotic bacteria in the low pH of gastric fluid. However the use of synthetic excipients for enteric coating to prevent the exposure of microorganisms to gastric fluid is limited in food supplementary industry. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop an enteric coating formulation containing shellac as a natural polymer. Shellac possesses good resistance to gastric juice; the major disadvantage of this polymer is its low solubility in the intestinal fluid [1, 2]. Thus films containing different ratios of shellac and water-soluble polymers (sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)) or plasticizers (glycerol and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)) were prepared in order to analyse the films’ melting temperatures (T_m), the changes in enthalpy (ΔH), their capability of taking up water, and their solubility in different media. The release characteristics of the films were studied by loading pellets with Enterococcus faecium M74 and coating them with formulations containing different amounts of shellac and polymer or plasticized shellac. Using dissolution tests, performed according to USP XXXI paddle method, the resistance of the coatings to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and the release of cells in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) was investigated.The trials showed that an increasing amount of plasticizer results in a decrease of T_m and ΔH of the films whereat glycerol had a superior plasticization effect to GTA. The compatibility of films made of water-soluble polymers and shellac was also concentration dependent. HPMC and PVP showed superior compatibility with shellac compared to sodium alginate, since films containing shellac and more than 10% [w/w] sodium alginate tended to separate into two phases. In the end five formulations containing shellac and either 5% [w/w] glycerol, 10% [w/w] PVP, 20% [w/w] PVP, 10% [w/w] HPMC, or 5% [w/w] sodium alginate emerged as feasible for enteric coating purposes.