单次热水足浴对健康青年动脉硬度的短时影响

目的：观察单次热水足浴对健康青年动脉硬度的短时影响。方法：应用均衡随机交叉自身对照设计,8名健康青年随机进入对照日和足浴日实验,均分别于三个时间点,即0 min、30 min和50 min重复测量其心-踝血管指数（CAVI）,其中对照日实验中对受试者不进行任何干预,而足浴日实验中在0 min和30 min之间进行足浴,足浴的水温为42～45℃、持续30 min,7 d后每位受试者实验内容进行交叉。结果：对照日的三个时间点上,受试者的CAVI基本保持不变,分别为（6.3±0.9）、（6.3±0.8）和（6.5±0.8）。而足浴日中,CAVI基础值从（6.1±0.4）下降到30 min时的（5.4±0.5）,P〈0.01,和50 min的（5.7±0.4）,P〈0.05,差异具有显著性,30 min的CAVI显著低于对照日的30 min CAVI（P〈0.05）;而鼓膜温度在足浴后即刻也明显短暂升高。结论：单次足浴可使人体动脉硬度短时下降,这可能与核心体温的升高有关。     

不同急性运动方案对健康青年动脉僵硬度的影响

目的观察在相同运动量的前提下,不同急性运动方案对于健康青年动脉僵硬度的影响。方法健康青年男性65人随机分为安静对照组（C组）、80W运动组（80W组）和120W运动组（120W组）,分别于三个时间点即0min、30min和60min测定其心踝血管指数（CAVI）。在实验过程中,C组始终保持安静,而80W组和120W组都进行结束于30min时间点的、但持续时间分别为30min和20min的自行车运动,以观察相同运动量前提下,不同的急性运动方案对CAVI的影响。结果 C组的CAVI运动前后无明显变化,三个时间点分别为6.4±0.2、6.3±0.1和6.2±0.2,而80W组和120W组运动结束即刻（30min）CAVI都明显下降,其中,80W组的CAVI由6.3±0.2下降到5.5±0.1;但120W组的效果更明显,由6.2±0.2下降到5.3±0.2。60min时,80W组的CAVI基本恢复到基础水平,为6.0±0.1,而120W组仍维持较低水平于5.6±0.1。结论在运动量相同前提下,强度不同自行车运动都可以降低动脉僵硬度,而较高强度运动对动脉僵硬度的影响更明显。     

急性有氧运动对肥胖青年男性动脉僵硬度的影响

目的观察急性有氧运动对肥胖青年男性血管僵硬度-动脉脉搏波速度(PWV)的影响。方法肥胖在校男生14人,于运动前(0h)、运动1h和2h三个时间点分别测定其颈-股动脉PWV和颈-桡动脉PWV。受试者在0h测定结束后立即进行持续45min、靶心率为80% HRmax的跑台运动。结果颈-桡动脉PWV在1h和2h均明显低于0h,而颈-股动脉PWV在2h时明显低于0h和1h值。结论急性有氧运动结束后较短一段时间内,肥胖男生的PWV降低。     

血管病变治疗与血管健康维护

血管性疾病是导致全身重要脏器病变,包括急性心肌梗死、脑卒中、肾血管病、外周血管病等的主要原因。从根本上降低上述疾病导致的致死和致残后果,血管健康的维护和血管病变早期检测极为重要。血管病变和功能障碍异常的早期检测是维护血管健康的前提。超声评价肱动脉的反应性是目前最可靠的评价内皮功能技术,脉压增加是动脉僵硬度升高的信号;沿动脉树传导的脉搏波速度决定于传输动脉壁的特性,脉搏波速度可反映全身动脉硬化的程度;脉搏波形分析,包括收缩期波形和舒张期波形可用于评价早期动脉功能异常;超声对体表可触及动脉的检测可评价早期动脉粥样硬化和动脉横断面弹性改变;踝臂指数即下肢收缩压与上肢收缩压的比值是评价无症状外周血管病变的重要指标。应该从重视血管病治疗转向维护血管健康,血管病学的发展有助于全面维护血管健康,防治血管疾病,降低血管性疾病导致的人群致死和致残率,提高全民的整体素质。     

吸烟对男性血管内皮生长因子水平的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对吸烟者体内血管内皮生长因子水平的影响,进一步探讨吸烟是否影响动脉粥样硬化的形成与发展.方法 从2006年4～6月到我院体检中心体检的对象中随机抽取86名符合纳入标准的为研究对象,均为男性,且排除高血压、糖尿病、近两周有严重的感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤以及严重的心、肾及肝病和血液系统疾病.按照WHO(1984)关于吸烟调查标准方法的建议,吸烟者需每天吸烟1支以上,持续吸烟1年以上,并用吸烟指数(＝每天吸烟量×吸烟年数)来反映吸烟的程度.根据这个标准86人中有吸烟组48人,对照组38人.所有研究对象于调查当日清晨空腹采集静脉血5 mL,静置20 min后取上清液保存于-20℃冰箱待测.血清血管内皮生长因子采用酶联免疫吸附法检测,试剂盒购于北京中杉金桥试剂公司(进口分装),按操作说明书操作,并将检测结果与吸烟指数进行相关分析.结果 两组年龄分别为吸烟组39.62±6.74岁;对照组41.21±8.38岁;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).吸烟组血清血管内皮生长因子为376.2±23.1 ng/L,对照组为307.9±19.7 ng/L;两组比较,吸烟者血清血管内皮生长因子浓度明显高于不吸烟的对照者,差异有极显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).经相关分析发现,血清血管内皮生长因子浓度与吸烟指数无相关性(r=0.31,P＞0.05).结论 吸烟者血清血管内皮生长因子浓度高于不吸烟者,且与吸烟程度无相关性.血清血管内皮生长因子浓度升高可能是吸烟者易患心脑血管疾病的因素之一.     

健身运动对健康老年人动脉血管弹性的影响

目的研究规律健身运动对老年人动脉血管弹性的影响。方法以杭州市54例年龄从70~79周岁的健康男性为研究对象,其中规律健身运动组22例,静态组32例。Colin VP-1000动脉硬化诊断仪检测上臂-脚踝间的脉搏传导速度(ba PWV);Inbody3.0身体成分分析仪检测体重、体脂%;"健民"国民体质检测仪检测身高和握力。所有数据用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果健身运动组ba PWV明显低于静态组〔(12.3±1.18)m/s与(14.6±1.41)m/s,t=-7.9,P0.01〕。ba PWV与运动频率和握力显著相关(r=0.64,P0.01;r=0.40,P0.05)。健身运动组,ba PWV与体脂%显著相关(r=0.76,P0.01);静态组,ba PWV与BMI指数(r=0.62,P0.05)、体脂%(r=0.86,P0.05)显著相关。结论健身运动改善了老年人动脉血管弹性程度,且运动频率越高、肌肉力量越大,血管弹性越好;伴随肥胖的产生,动脉血管弹性下降。     

单纯收缩期高血压病人年龄与血管内皮功能对大动脉僵硬度的影响

目的探讨单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患者大动脉僵硬度与年龄、血管内皮功能之间的关系。方法对老年单纯收缩期高血压病人71例,进行大动脉僵硬度(主动脉脉搏波传导速度,baPWV)和内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)检测。同期年龄配对的健康老年人30例和健康中年人50例作为对照组。结果老年单纯收缩期高血压组、老年健康组、中年健康组 baPWV 依次减慢[老年 ISH:(2459.2±436.8)比老年健康:(2097.2±315.7)比中年健康:(1619.7±214.2)cm/s,P<0.01或<0.05),而 FMD 则依次增大(老年 ISH:6.2±2.2比老年健康:9.8±2.5比中年健康:14.4±1.9,P<0.05或<0.01)。在老年单纯收缩期高血压组中,baPWV 与 FMD呈显著性负相关、与收缩压(SBP)、脉压(PP)呈显著性正相关。多元逐步回归分析证明:年龄、FMD、SBP、PP 是大动脉僵硬度的危险因素。结论在老年单纯收缩期高血压病人中增龄与 FMD 失调明显增加了大动脉僵硬度,因此,在控制 ISH 的同时,改善 FMD 可以降低大动脉僵硬度,从而进一步降低心血管事件的风险。     

健康青年脂肪分布对重要脏器血流的影响

目的 探讨健康青年脂肪分布特征对全身重要脏器血流的影响。方法 49例青年健康志愿者,根据标准分为非超重组和超重组。超声法测量腹部及肢体脂肪厚度,计算心排出量及各部位血流量,记录血管阻力。结果 男性内脏脂肪较女性明显厚〔(5.0±0.4)cm vs.(3.2±0.2)cm,P<0.01〕,腿部脂肪较女性明显薄〔(0.8±0.1)cm vs.(1.4±0.1)cm,P<0.01〕,腰臀比较女性大〔(0.90±0.01) vs.(0.83±0.01),P<0.01〕。虽然腰臀比与大腿血流量和上肢血流量显著相关,但这种相关性在男组和女组内部并不存在。超重组青年心排出量明显增多,男性超重组脑血流量增多〔(0.84±0.17)L/min vs. (1.05±0.22)L/min,P<0.05〕,脑血管阻力下降〔椎动脉:(0.66±0.10) vs.(0.57±0.07),P<0.05〕。女性超重组所有检测血流指标均数均高于非超重组,但无显著差别。结论 健康青年,脂肪分布对全身重要脏器的血流分布影响不显著。     

吸烟与停止吸烟对高血压病人动脉僵硬度与主动脉波反射的影响

吸烟是重要的心血管病危险因子，吸烟可以引起血管僵硬，停止吸烟后吸烟者血管僵硬能否改善。该文研究从未治疗高血压病人（n=554）年龄18～80岁（56％女性），分为现在吸烟（n=150），过去吸烟（n=136），从不吸烟（n=268）（Hypertension，2007，99：981-985）。过去吸烟又分成停止吸烟〈1年，〉1年〈10年，〉10年，     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者动脉僵硬度的变化及其影响因素分析*

目的 研究不同年龄段非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者外周动脉僵硬度的变化,探讨影响动脉僵硬度增高的相关危险因素。方法 根据超声检查是否存在脂肪肝将2382例健康体检者分为NAFLD组和无NAFLD组,分析各年龄段两组间肱踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）的变化特点。以baPWV≥1400 cm/s为动脉僵硬度增高,采用Logistic回归分析影响动脉僵硬度增高的危险因素。结果 在2382例体检者中,发现NAFLD患者935例（39.3%）,在1595例男性中,检出NAFLD 患者726例（45.5%）,在787例女性中,检出NAFLD患者209例（26.6%,P<0.001）;在616例20~39岁、1463例40~59岁和303例>60岁人群中,分别发现NAFLD188例（30.5%）、623例（42.6%）和124例（40.9%）; 20～39岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1340.0±180.7） cm/s,显著高于无NAFLD组［（1203.9±155.2） cm/s,P<0.001］,40～59岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1437.1±232.6） cm/s,显著高于无NAFLD组［（1355.8±217.9） cm/s,P<0.001］,大于60岁年龄段NAFLD组baPWV水平为（1885.8±404.0） cm/s,与无NAFLD组的baPWV水平［（1830.2±430.6） cm/s］无统计学差别（P>0.05）;在1643例血压正常者,二分类Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、性别、NAFLD、血清总胆固醇为baPWV升高的独立危险因素。结论 NAFLD患者较无NAFLD人群动脉僵硬度增高,以青中年NAFLD患者增高更为明显。NAFLD为动脉僵硬度增高的独立危险因素。     

The acute effects of mental arithmetic,cold pressor and maximal voluntary contraction on arterial stiffness in young healthy subjects

BackgroundMental stress, dynamic exercise and cold pressor stimulation all increase blood pressure (BP); however, their effects on arterial stiffness are not well described.MethodsTwenty-three young healthy subjects (14 female/9 males), aged 18–30 years (23 ± 3 years), underwent mental arithmetic stress (mental arithmetic test [MAT]), cold presser test (CPT) and dynamic exercise (30% of maximal voluntary contraction [30% MVC]). Blood pressure and indices of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV; m/sec) and augmentation index (AIx; %) were measured at baseline, during the intervention (MAT, CPT and 30% MVC), and at 5 min and 10 min after the end of the intervention on separate days within a 3-week period. All values are given as means and standard deviations; statistical analysis was carried out using JMP software (Version 7).ResultsDuring MAT, CPT and 30% MVC there were respective increases in heart rate (HR/min) 27%, 16% and 10% (P < 0.001); systolic BP 16%, 17% and 12% (P < 0.01); diastolic BP 15%, 23% and 15% (P < 0.01); AIx 13%, 29% and 30% (P < 0.05); and PWV 14%, 12% and 16% (P < 0.01). When the model was corrected for HR, systolic BP and diastolic BP the changes both in PWV and AIx remained significant (P < 0.01).ConclusionsMAT, CPT and 30% MVC each increase the indices of arterial stiffness independently of HR and baseline blood pressure levels.     

Racial differences in arterial stiffness after exercise in young men

BACKGROUND: African-American men have stiffer arteries than white men at rest. We sought to test the hypothesis that reductions in stiffness after aerobic exercise may be attenuated in African-American (AA) men compared with white (W) men. METHODS: Twenty-four young men (age 22+/-1.0 years; 12 AA and 12 W) underwent measures of central (carotid-femoral) and peripheral (femoral-dorsalis pedis) pulse-wave velocity (PWV) before, 15 min after, and 30 min after a graded maximal aerobic exercise test (EX). RESULTS: A group effect was detected for central PWV, because AA men had significantly higher resting aortic stiffness compared with W men (P<.05). There was no change in central PWV after EX in either group. A group-by-time interaction was detected for peripheral PWV, because there were significant reductions in W men at 15 min and 30 min after EX, but no change at either time point in AA men (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support previous findings of greater resting central aortic stiffness in young AA versus W men. This difference was not affected by acute EX. This is the first study to note large racial differences in the peripheral arterial response to exercise, consistent with the notion of blunted vasodilatation in response to adrenergic stimulation in AA men.     

B-type natriuretic peptide and arterial stiffness in healthy Japanese men

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that even a slight increase in the plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may be a marker of cardiovascular risk; however, the mechanisms underlying the association are currently unclear. Because increased arterial stiffness, as reflected by an increase of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) or pulse pressure (PP), may contribute to increasing plasma BNP levels, in the present study we investigated the relationships between the plasma BNP level and the PWV and PP, all of which are known markers of cardiovascular risk, in a healthy male Japanese cohort. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 725 healthy Japanese men (age, 54 +/- 4 years). The PWV was assessed by the volume-rendering method. Plasma BNP levels were determined with a high-sensitivity noncompetitive immunoradiometric assay. RESULTS: A univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the plasma BNP level was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.20, P < .01), PWV (r = 0.12, P < .01), and PP (r = 0.17, P < .01). A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that both the PWV and PP were significantly associated with the plasma BNP level, independent of age. CONCLUSION: In healthy Japanese men, stiffening of large arteries, as evidenced by an increase of the PWV or PP, may account at least in part for elevated plasma BNP levels, even within the so-called normal range.     

Influence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on aortic stiffness in healthy young men

Though Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, its role in early atherogenesis has not been well elucidated. To clarify whether C. pneumoniae infection was related to early atherogenesis, we evaluated the association between serological detection of C. pneumoniae antibodies and aortic stiffness in 102 healthy young male volunteers (mean age 27.1+/-0.4 years). Serum C. pneumoniae IgA and IgG antibodies were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aortic stiffness was estimated using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV). No significant differences were observed between IgA seropositive and seronegative groups with regard to conventional cardiovascular risk factors. However, the mean PWV value was significantly higher in the IgA seropositive group than the seronegative group. Analyses of subgroups according to C-reactive protein (CRP) level showed that those subjects with IgA seropositivity and a high CRP level (>0.17 mg/l) had the highest PWV values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a combination of C. pneumoniae IgA seropositivity and a high CRP level was an independent predictor of high values of PWV. These results suggest that C. pneumoniae infection might contribute to early atherogenesis, which might be associated with chronic inflammation.     

Independent association between glycated hemoglobin and arterial stiffness in healthy men

Aims/Introduction

Many studies have reported that high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Many researchers have not studied the association of HbA1c with various subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes. We evaluated the impact of HbA1c on arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in healthy Korean healthy men.

Materials and Methods

The study population included healthy adult men who participated in health check‐ups. All participants fasted for at least 8 h before taking the blood sample for fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity. Hierarchical regression analysis allowed us to determine the relationship between brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Results

Age and HbA1c were significantly related to baPWV, in model 1. In model 2, blood pressure was added to model 1. Systolic blood pressure was a more significant variable, which was more affected on baPWV than diastolic blood pressure. In the case of model 3, we included all variables regarding arterial stiffness. According to model 3, the most explainable variable was age, and then systolic blood pressure, body mass index and triglyceride, respectively.

Conclusions

We analyzed the associations between HbA1c, which is one of the risk factors, and arterial stiffness independently. An arterial stiffness measurement using baPWV can show the level of severity of the arteriosclerosis. When the level of stiffness has been increased, we could assume that the risk of arteriosclerosis would be increased. It can also be related to the increase of the risk of cardiovascular disease.     

Insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adolescents and young adults

Aims/hypothesis  

Increased arterial stiffness is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events in adults with obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes have stiffer vessels. Whether stiffness is increased in obesity/IR in youth is not known. We sought to determine if IR was a determinant of arterial stiffness in youth, independent of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.