Increased oxidative stress in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension

Objective To investigate whether pregnancy-induced hypertension （PIH） may increase oxidative stress in women with PIH, and to explore the mechanisms by which PIH may increase oxidative stress and potential free radical damage. Methods Seventy women with PIH and seventy women with uncomplicated normotensive pregnancy （UNP） whose age, nutritional conditions, levels of hemoglobin and albumin were all matched, were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Their plasma concentrations of nitric oxide （NO）, vitamin C （VC）, vitamin E （VE）, and β-carotene （β-CAR） as well as their erythrocyte malondialdehyde （MDA）, and activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GPX） were determined by spcctrophotometry. Results Compared with average values of the above experimental parameters in the women with UNP, the average value of erythrocyte MDA in the women with PIH significantly increased （P〈0.0001）, while the average values of plasma NO, VC, VE, and β-CAR as well as those of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPX in the women with PIH significantly decreased （P〈0.0005-0.0001）. The findings from partial correlation analysis （controlling for age） for 70 women with PIH showed that with elevated systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, MDA value gradually increased （P〈0.001）, and NO, VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and GPX values gradually decreased （P〈0.02-0.001）. The findings from reliability analysis for NO, VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, GPX, and MDA values used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential free radical damage in women with PIH showed that the reliability coefficients （alpha, 8 items） = 0.7062, P〈 0.0001, and the standardized item alpha = 0.9116, P〈 0.0001. Conclusion The findings in the present research suggest that pregnancy-induced hypertension can increase oxidative stress and potential free radical damage in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.     

Increased oxidative stress and damage in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

Objective To investigate whether chronic bacterial prostatitis （CBP） increases oxidative stress and damage in patients with CBP, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty patients with CBP and 80 healthy adults as controls were enrolled in a case-control study, in which levels of nitric oxide （NO）, vitamin C （VC）, and vitamin E （VE） in plasma, as well as malondialdehyde （MDA）, activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and eatalase （CAT） in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with the average values of NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in the healthy control group, those of plasma N O and erythrocyte MDA in the CBP group were significantly increased （P〈0.00 1）, and those of plasma VC and VE as well as erythrocyte SOD and CAT in the CBP group were significantly decreased （P〈0.001）. Findings from partial correlation analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in 80 patients with CBP, adjusted for age, suggested that with prolonged course of the disease, values of NO and MDA were gradually increased （P〈0.001）, and those of VC, VE, SOD, and CAT were gradually decreased （P〈0.05-0.001）. The findings from stepwise regression analysis for course of the disease and NO, VC, VE, MDA, SOD, and CAT in CBP group suggested that the model of stepwise regression was Y = -19.1160 ＋0.3112MDA ＋ 0.0337NO, F = 22.1734, P〈0.001, r = 0.6045, P〈0.001. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, SOD, CAT, NO, and MDA in the CBP group showed that the reliability coefficients＇ alpha （6 items） was 0.7195, P〈0.0001, and the standardized item alpha was 0.9307, P〈0.0001. Conclusion There exist increased oxidative stress and damage induced by chronic bacterial prostatitis in patients, and such a phenomenon is closely related to the course of disease.     

Studies on the Oxidative Stress in Alcohol Abusers in China

Objective:In order to study the relationship between alcoho abuse and oxidative stress,and to identify oxidative damage of alcoho abuse in human bodies.Methods:80 Cases of male alcoholics(AL) aged 40 years old and 80 cases of male healthy volunteers(HV)of the same age without drinking histroy were investigated by measuring concentrations of vitaminC(VC),vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene(β-CAR)in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalse(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in RBC with spectrophotometri assays.Results:Compared with the average values(AV) of the above biochemical parameters in the HV group ,the average values of VC,VE and β-CAR in plasma and the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in RBC in the AL group were significantly decreased (P=0.0000),The findings in linear regression and correlation analysis for 80 alcoholics showed that with the prolonged drinking duration and increased daily drinking quantity,the values of VC,VE and β-CAR in plasma as well as SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in RBC in the alcoholics were gradually decreased(P=0.000),representing a respectively significant linear negative correlation.The analysis of stepwise regression and correlation rewvealed that the drinking duration had the closest correlation with the values of VE in plasma as well as CAT and GSH-Px in RBC,while the daily drinking quantity had the closest correlation with the values of VC,VE and β-CAR in plasma as well as SOD and GSH-Px in RBC,Conclusion :The findings of the present study suggested that the oxidative stress in the alcoholics became pathologically intensified,leading to potential oxidative damages in their bodies.Therefore,alcoholica should abstain from alcohol drinking,and should take as supplements suitable dosage of antioxidants per day such as VC,VE,β-CAR and others to moderate potential oxidative damages in their bodies.     

Abnormal reactions of free radicals and oxidative damages in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis

Objective To study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Methods Eighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC),vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (β-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and β-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and β-CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454 - 0.000001).The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137,standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling's T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P =0.000001. Conclusions The findings irt this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.     

Heroin abuse and nitric oxide, oxidation, peroxidation, lipoperoxidation

To further reveal the risks of heroin abuse to human body, and to determine the injuries of oxidation, peroxidation and lipoperoxidation induced by nitric oxide and other free radicals to heroin abusers, we determined and compared plasma values of lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), β-carotene (β-CAR) and erythrocyte values of LPO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in 114 heroin abusers and 100 healthy volunteers. Using linear regression and correlation as well as stepwise regression and correlation, we also analyzed the effect of the abusing duration, and daily abusing quantity on the above-mentioned biochemical parameters in the heroin abusers. The results showed that, compared with the healthy volunteer groups, the average plasma values of LPO, and NO, and the average erythrocyte value of LPO in the heroin abuser group were significantly increased (P＜0.0001), and the average plasma values of VC, VE, and β-CAR and the average erythrocyte values of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were significantly decreased (P＜0.0001). Analysis of linear regression and correlation showed that with prolonged heroin abusing and with increased daily quantity in the heroin abusers, the plasma values of LPO, and NO, and the erythrocyte value of LPO were gradually increased (P＜0.001), whereas the plasma values of VC, VE, and β-CAR and the erythrocyte values of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were gradually decreased (P＜0.001). Analysis of stepwise regression and correlation indicated that the plasma values of NO, VC and VE were closely correlated with the abusing duration and daily abusing quantity. These results indicate that the balance between oxidation and antioxidation in the heroin abusers was seriously disturbed, and the injuries induced by nitric oxide and other free radicals, through oxidation, peroxidation and lipoperoxidation to the bodies of heroin abusers exacerbated. It is therefore necessary that in abstaining from heroin dependence, the heroin abusers should acquire sufficient quantities of antioxidants such as VC, VE and β-CAR.     

Abnormal metabolism of nitric oxide, oxidative stress and lipoperoxidative stress in patients with acute viral myocarditis

Objective To investigate metabolic status of nitric oxide (NO) as well as oxidative and li poperoxidative stress, pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals , and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in patients with acute viral myocar ditis (AVM). Methods Using a random paired control design, plasma levels of NO, lipoperoxides (LPO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and β- carotene (β- CAR), erythrocytic level of LPO as well as activities of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH- Px) were investigated by spectrophotometr ic assays in 60 AVM patients and 60 healthy adult volunteers (HAV). Results Compared with the HAV group, plasma NO, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocyte of the AVM group significantly increased (P=0. 0001), while VC, VE, β- CAR, SO D, CAT and GSH- Px of the AVM group significantly decreased (P=0. 0001). Co mpared with the AVM group before treatment, plasma NO, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocyte of the AVM group post treatment significantly decreased (P<0. 05 ), whereas plasma VC, VE and β- CAR as well as erythrocytic SOD, CAT and GSH- P x of the AVM group post treatment significantly increased (P<0. 05). Conclusion The findings in this study suggested that in the AVM patients the metabolism of NO was disturbed, and the pathological chain reactions of a series of free radic als were severely aggravated, thus produced the oxidative damage and lipoperoxid ative damages. Therefore, we recommend that antioxidants at suitable dosage, su ch as VC, VE, β- CAR and others, should be given to AVM patients daily to allev iate potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.     

Oxidative Stress in Patients With Acute Coxsackie Virus Myocarditis

To study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virus myocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies. Methods Eighty ACM patients and 80 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a case-control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and LPO in erythrocytes (RBC), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene (β-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC were determined by using spectrophotometric assays. Results Compared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in the HAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and RBC in the ACM group were significantly increased (P=0.0001), while the AV of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the ACM group were significantly decreased (P=0.0001). The values of the above BP were used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) between the ACM group and the HAY group; the RR and its 95 % confidence interval were 12.467 (5.745～27.051), 4.333(2.126～8.834), 6.517 (3.225～13.618), 3.310 (1.598～6.858), 31.000 (12.611～76.201),4.663 (2.228～9.759), 11.769 (5.440～25.462), 3.043 (1.486～6.229) and 6.594 (3.045～14.281)respectively, and their P levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.0001. The results were asfollows: D = 22.143 - 0.017SOD + 0.008NO + 0.244LPO in RBC, Eigenvalue = 13.659,Canonical correlation = 0.965, Wilks' λ = 0.068, χ2 = 420.212, P = 0.0001. The correct rate of discrimination to the ACM group and to the HAV group was 87.5% and 95.0 %, respectively,and 91.3 % of originally grouped cases was correctly classified. Conclusion The findings in this study suggested that the oxidative stress in bodies of ACM patients was severely aggravated, and marked high oxidative constituents and low antioxidants and antioxidases in the human body might increase the relative risk of inducing acute coxsackie virus myocarditis, and measuring the values of NO in plasma, SOD and LPO in RBC might increase the correct rates of discriminatory analysis of the ACM.     

Comparison of Changes in Body Composition during Puberty Development of Obese and Normal-weight Children in China

Objective To compare the changes in body composition, including fat mass index （FMI） and fat free mass index （FFMI） during puberty development of obese and normal-weight children in China, and to explore the effect of age and gender on body composition. Methods A total of 356 children at the age of 7-15 years were enrolled in this study. Body composition of 10 normal-weight and obese children in each age group was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry （DEXA）. FFMI and FMI were calculated according to the following formula： FFMI （kg·m^-2）=FFM（kg）/ height^2（m^2） and FMI（kg·m^-2）=FM （kg）/ height^2（m^2）. Results The fat mass and fat free mass of obese children were significantly higher than those of normal-weight children （P〈0.05）. The FMI and FFMI of obese children increased significantly with age and were higher than those of the same sex, gender, and age normal-weight children （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The levels of fat mass, fat free mass, FMI, and FFMI are different in obese and normal-weight children, and gender effects are significant in boys having higher levels of these indicators than in girls. FFMI and FMI can be used as monitoring indexes in weight control of obese children.     

Low Cholesterol in Erythrocyte Membranes and High Lipoperoxides in Erythrocytes Are the Potential Risk Factors for Cerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke in Human

Objective:To explore the association of risk for human cerebral hemorrhage with blood cholesterol,free radicals,oxidatation and lipoperoxidation,Methods:351 cerebral hemorrhage patients(CHP) in the acute phase and 100 healthy adult volunteers(HVA) were investigated by testing the contents of cholesterol(CH),lipoperoxides(LPO),nitric oxide(NO),vitamin C(VC)and vitamin E(VE) and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in plasma and erythrocytes (RBC),and by assessing the contents of CH and LPO in RBC with spectrophotometric assays.Results:Compared with the average vlaues(AV) of the above biochemical parameters(BP)in the HAV group,the AV of CH in plasma and RBC,VC and VE in plasma as well as SOD in plasma and RBC in the CHP group were significantly decreased(P=0.000),while the AV of the LPO in plasma and RBC as well as NO in plasma in the CHP group were significantly increased(P=0,0000),The findings of linear correlation analysis for the CHP group showed that the above biochemical parameters were significantly correlated with both intracraial hemorrhagic sized(IHS) and neurotic functional defective scales(NDS).The findings of stepwise correlation analysis for the CHA group suggested that HIS was closely correlated with the values of CH and LPO in RBC as well as NO and VE in plasma,and that NDS was closely correlated with the values of CH and LPO in RBC as well as NO and VC in plasma.Conclusions:The findings of the present study suggest that marked low RBC cholesterol and marked high RBC lipoperoxides may constitute the potential main risk factors for human cerebral hemorrhage,and that the oxidative and lipoperoxidative stress in the CHP bodies is pathologically aggravated.leading to the oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in the CHP.     

Evaluation of oxidative stress in colorectal cancer patients

Objective To evaluate the oxidative stress in patients with colorectal cancer and to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and colorectal cancer. Methods Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups （36 colorectal cancer patients as the study group and 40 normal healthy individuals as the control group）. Their protein oxidation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione （GSH）, and antioxidative enzymes in serum were detected. Results The levels of protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products （AOPP） were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group （P〈0.01）. Serum 8-OHdG was significantly increased in the study group compared to the control group （P〈0.01）. However, the mean serum level of MDA and conjugated diene was lower in the study group than in the control group （P〈0.01）. The activity of antioxidative enzymes was significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control group （P〈0.01）. Serum vitamins C and E concentrations were significantly reduced in the study group compared to the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Colorectal cancer is associated with oxidative stress, and assessment of oxidative stress and given antioxidants is important for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer.     

肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征的氧化应激与脂代谢关系的研究

目的 探讨肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)患者氧化应激程度及其与脂代谢的关系。方法 选取2018年8月至2018年11月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院内分泌科的PCOS患者130例作为研究组,按体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)将PCOS患者分为3组,正常体质量PCOS组45例、超重PCOS组42例、肥胖PCOS组43例。同时选取40例因女方输卵管因素或男方因素而不孕或正常体检的体质量正常的健康育龄女性作为对照组。测量所有参与者的人体测量学指标、内分泌代谢指标及各氧化应激指标,比较各组PCOS患者与对照组各氧化应激指标的特点。结果 肥胖PCOS组的丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)明显高于其他3组(P<0.05)。肥胖PCOS组与超重PCOS组的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、视黄醇(retinol, RET)均明显低于正常体质量PCOS组。肥胖PCOS组与超重PCOS组的总抗氧化活性(total antioxidant activity,TAA)与维生素E(vitamin E, VE)均明显低于正常体质量对照组(P<0.05)。氧化指标MDA与BMI、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)呈正相关(P<0.05),而抗氧化指标SOD及RET与BMI、腰围、TC、TG均呈负相关(P<0.05)。线性回归分析显示,MDA、RET及VE均受分组变量影响,MDA随着本研究BMI分组的递增而升高,回归系数为0.214(P=0.005),RET及VE均随着本研究BMI分组的递增而降低,回归系数分别为-0.243(P=0.001)、-0.174 (P=0.023)。而SOD及TAA均随着TG增加而降低,回归系数分别为-0.411(P＜0.001)、-0.269(P＜0.001)。结论 氧化应激在肥胖型PCOS患者发病中的作用更明显,肥胖型PCOS患者抗氧化能力的降低与三酰甘油升高相关,提示肥胖可能通过脂代谢紊乱加重PCOS患者的氧化应激过程。     

Oxidative Stress before and after Operation in Patients with Chronic Cholecystitis Containing Gallstone

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Potential Oxidative Stress in the Bodies of Electric Arc Welding Operators： Effect of Photochemical Smog

INTRODUCTION Electric arc welding is widely used in many fields such as welding engineering, architectural engineering, automotive industry, boat and ship engineering, aerospace C…     

Potential Oxidative Stress in the Bodies of Electric Arc Welding Operators:Effect of Photochemical Smog

To investigate whether photochemical smog emitted during the process of electric arc welding might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of welding operators. Methods Seventy electric arc welding operators (WOs) and 70 healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in a randomized controlled study design, in which the levels of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) in plasma as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and the level of lipoperoxide (LPO) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometry. Results Compared with the average values of the above experimental parameters in the HVs group, the average values of VC and VE in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the WOs group were significantly decreased (P<0.005-0.0001), while the average value of LPO in erythrocytes in the WOs group was significantly increased (P<0.0001). The findings from the partial correlation analysis on the controlling of age suggested that with a prolonged duration of exposure to photochemical smog the values of VC, VE, SOD, and GPX, except for CAT, in the WOs were decreased gradually (P<0.05-0.005), the value of LPO in the WOs was increased gradually (P<0.001), and that with the ozone dose increased in the air in each worksite VC, VE, SOD, CAT and GPX decreased (P<0.005-0.001), but LPO increased (P<0.001). The findings from the reliability analysis for the VC, VE, SOD, CAT, GPX, and LPO values which were used to reflect oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the WOs showed that the reliability coefficients' alpha (6 items) was 0.8021, P<0.0001, and that the standardized item alpha was 0.9577, P<0.0001. Conclusion Findings in the present study suggest that there exists an oxidative stress induced by long-term exposure to photochemical smog in the bodies of WOs, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.     

Oxidative stress before and after operation in patients with chronic cholecystitis containing gallstone

To study the relationship of oxidative, antioxidative constituents and antioxidases in blood with chronic cholecystitis containing gallstone, levels of lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C(VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as level of LPO, activities of superoxide dismulase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes were investigated by spectrophotometric assay in 107 patients with this condition (PCg) and 100 healthy volunteers (HVs). Compared with HVs group, the average value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of PCg group were significantly increased (P < 0.0001), while that of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma and the average activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in erythrocytes were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Linear regression and correlation analysis for 107 preoperative PCg showed that the value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of PCg gradually increased (P < 0.0001), representing a significant linear positive correlation. The value of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma and that of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in erythrocytes of PCg gradually decreased (P < 0.0001), representing a significant linear negative correlation. Stepwise regression and correlation analysis for 107 preoperative PCg suggested that the closest correlation was observed between the course of disease and the value of NO and VC in plasma and that of SOD, GSH-Px and LPO in erythrocytes, r = 0.7306, F = 32.1408, P < 0.0001. Compared with the preoperative PCg group, the average value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of the postoperative PCg group were significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the average value of VC in plasma and that of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in erythrocytes of the postoperative PCg group were significantly increased (P < 0.0001), whereas no significant difference was found between their average value of VE and beta-CAR in plasma. These findings suggested that oxidative stress was an aggravating pathological condition in PCg group. Therefore, we recommend that in treating PCg, antioxidants such as VC, VE, beta-CAR should be given in order to alleviate their potential oxidative damages.     

May Chronic Childhood Constipation Cause Oxidative Stress and Potential Free Radical Damage to Children？

INTRODUCTION Constipation is a symptom rather than a specific disease. It is generally defined by patients as defecation frequency of twice weekly or less, and the defecation frequency of patients with chronic constipation is much less still. However, the…     

Oxidative stress and free radical damage in patients with acute dipterex poisoning

Objective To investigate whether acute dipterex poisoning (ADP) may cause oxidative stress and free radical damage in the bodies of acute dipterex poisoning patients (ADPPs), and to explore the mechanisms by which ADP may cause oxidative stress and free radical damage. Methods Fifty ADPPs and fifty healthy adult volunteers (HAVs) whose ages, gender and others were matched with the ADPPs were enrolled in a randomized controlled study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and P-carotene (P-CAR) in plasma as well as concentration of lipoperoxide (LPO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric analytical methods. Results Compared with the average values of experimental parameters in the HAVs group, the average values of plasma NO and erythrocyte LPO in the ADPPs group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of plasma VC,