野生型p53基因转染对卵巢癌细胞生长及药物敏感性影响

目的：探讨野生型p53基因转染对人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3的体外生长及裸鼠体内致瘤性抑制作用。并了解p53基因与SKOV-3细胞对顺铂敏感性之间的关系。方法：利用脂质体介导,将含有人野生型p53cDNA的真核表达质粒pCB6-p53导入SKOV-3细胞中,观察该细胞体外生长和裸鼠体内致瘤性改变;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡情况,MTT法检测细胞药物敏感性改变。结果：免疫组化法证实外源性p53基因在阳性细胞克隆稳定存在;转染野生型p53基因的SKOV-3细胞体外生长速率下降,裸鼠体内致瘤性丧失;G1/G0期细胞百分比（81.5%)和凋亡细胞百分比（11%）增高;p53表达阳性的SKOV-3细胞对顺铂的敏感性明显增强。结论：野生型p53基因转染能使SKOV-3细胞出现生长抑制和对顺铂的化疗敏感性增强。     

逆转录病毒介导p53基因对食管癌细胞株的生长抑制作用

目的观察人类野生型p53(wt p53)基因对人食管癌细胞系的抑制作用.方法用逆转录病毒为载体将外源性wt p53基因导入人食管癌细胞系ECA109,通过体外及小鼠体内实验研究转入基因的表达及对肿瘤的抑制作用.结果 p53在转染细胞ECA109/p53中表达水平提高.外源性wt p53基因的导入和表达能使ECA109细胞的生长速率减低,软琼脂集落形成能力下降,G0 G1期细胞比例增加、S期细胞比例降低,凋亡指数升高,裸鼠体内成瘤能力明显下降.结论逆转录病毒载体介导的外源性野生型p53能够抑制人食管癌细胞生长.     

Expression of wild-type p53 in human A673 cells suppresses tumorigenicity but not growth rate

The p53 gene has been found to be mutated in many different kinds of human cancers. In a previous study, expression of exogenous wild-type p53 in human osteosarcoma cells by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer resulted in marked enlargement of cell size, reduced growth rate in culture and loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice. Here we examine the effects of expression of wild-type or mutated p53 on human peripheral neuroepithelioma (PNET) A673 cells; these cells contained apparently normal alleles of the p53 gene but did not express a detectable quantity of p53 protein. Various characteristics of the p53-expressing cells were examined including morphology, growth rate, soft-agar colony formation, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. In contrast to osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, expression of wild-type or mutant p53 protein in A673 cells had no effect on morphology or growth characteristics. However, clones expressing wild-type p53 protein had reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and tumors in nude mice. To substantiate the genotype of wild-type p53-expressing cells, the proviral p53-encoding DNA of one cell clone was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. We concluded that expression of a single allele of the wild-type p53 gene was sufficient to suppress PNET A673 tumorigenicity but had no detectable effect on growth rate in culture.     

腺病毒介导的p53基因对喉癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的探索ｐ５３基因在喉癌基因治疗方面的可行性。方法以人喉癌细胞系Ｈｅｐ－２为实验对象,将载有人野生型ｐ５３ｃＤＮＡ并含巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）启动子的重组腺病毒（Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３）感染Ｈｅｐ－２细胞及肿瘤组织,体内外实验观察Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３对Ｈｅｐ－２细胞生长的影响。结果当Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３在１００ＭＯＩ效靶比时,全部Ｈｅｐ－２细胞得到转染。感染２天后ｐ５３蛋白表达达到高峰,Ｈｅｐ－２生长受到明显的抑制。Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３感染Ｈｅｐ－２细胞在裸鼠中失去致瘤性。瘤内注射Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３后,荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤体积明显减小。结论Ａｄ５ＣＭＶ－ｐ５３转导野生型ｐ５３基因可能是一种有效的喉癌基因治疗途径。     

转染野生型p53基因对人肺腺癌细胞作用的研究

目的研究外源性野生型p53基因对人肺腺癌细胞系GLC-82的生物学作用.方法将含有野生型p53基因的pDOR-neo逆转录病毒载体,通过Lipofectin转染GLC-82细胞,采用流式细胞分析、电镜下观察、3H-TdR掺入试验、软琼脂培养集落形成率测试及裸小鼠成瘤性实验,观察野生型p53基因对GLC-82细胞的生物学效应.结果电镜下观察可见,转染野生型p53基因可使GLC-82细胞出现一些病理现象,如细胞质中有明显的空泡及线粒体肿胀;流式细胞仪分析结果显示,野生型p53基因可阻止GLC-82细胞周期停止于G1-S区域;3H-TdR掺入试验结果提示野生型p53基因能够抑制GLC-82细胞的DNA合成,软琼脂培养集落形成率减少及裸小鼠成瘤减慢.结论转染野生型p53基因可抑制GLC-82细胞恶性增殖.     

转染 p53基因对肺腺癌细胞株裸鼠 移植瘤生长的影响

目的：探讨转染野生型 p53（ wt-p53）和突变型 p53（ mt-p53）基因对人肺腺癌细胞株 GLC-82裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响。方法：采用脂质体介导法,分别将 wt-p53和 mt-p53基因导入人肺腺癌细胞株 GLC-82,在裸鼠体内、体外实验中检测转导细胞的生长状况和裸鼠致瘤性。结果：转染 mt-p53 基因的细胞株 G418筛选的细胞集落数、 3H-TDR掺入实验、软琼脂平皿细胞集落数,以及裸鼠瘤组织重量和体积均高于对照组（ P<0.01）,而转染 wt p53基因的细胞株均显著低于对照组（ P< 0.01）,表明导入 wt p53基因的细胞株瘤细胞生长速度明显低于对照组细胞株和导入 mt p53基因的细胞株,即导入 mt p53基因的细胞株瘤细胞生长速度最快,而导入 wt p53基因的细胞株瘤细胞生长速度最慢。结论： wt p53基因能有效抑制人肺腺癌细胞生长; mt p53基因则可以明显地促进瘤细胞生长。     

Suppression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the human wild-type p53 gene.

Independent mutations in both alleles of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are a frequent finding in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines and in the cells of some T-ALL patients in relapse. One major goal of studying the status of p53 (and other tumor suppressor genes) in human cancer is to facilitate the suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype through the restoration of the expression of the wild-type allele. While the efficient insertion of a suppressor into all cells of solid/metastatic human tumors may at present be impossible, insertion into leukemia cells may be feasible due to the accessibility of the leukemia cells in the body. To examine the feasibility of suppressing the tumorigenicity of human T-leukemia cells, the human T-ALL cell line Be-13, which lacks endogenous p53 protein, was infected with a recombinant retrovirus encoding the wild-type allele of human p53 (hwtp53). Expression of p53 reduced the growth rate of infected Be-13 cells in vitro, suppressed colony formation in methylcellulose cultures, and abrogated their tumorigenic phenotype in nude mice in vivo. These results suggest that suppression of the leukemic phenotype of relapse T-ALL-derived Be-13 cells is feasible. Acute leukemia cell suppression via high-efficiency infection with retroviruses encoding wtp53 may be feasible and beneficial in T-ALL cases as part of a bone marrow transplantation regimen in an effort to reduce the frequency of posttransplantation relapse.     

外源性野生型p53基因抑制裸小鼠体内人白血病细胞的生长

目的探讨野生型ｐ５３基因对体内生长的白血病细胞的抑制作用。方法采用直接注射法向裸小鼠体内ＨＬ６０－ｎ和Ｋ５６２－ｎ细胞移植瘤注射编码人野生型ｐ５３的重组逆转录病毒，使其在这两种细胞中表达，并导致其编程性细胞死亡。结果裸小鼠在接种ＨＬ６０－ｎ或Ｋ５６２－ｎ细胞后２４ｈ，于接种部位连续７天注射编码野生型ｐ５３的逆转录病毒，移植瘤发生的潜伏期较对照组明显延长。结论直接注射转移野生型ｐ５３基因能有效地抑制裸小鼠体内人白血病细胞的生长。     

Sensitivity of UCN-01 lies in the balance of CDK 2 kinase and p21

Five human cancer cell lines (MKN 45, HT-29, WiDr, PAN-3-JCK, and CRL 1420) were used to evaluate the antitumor spectrum of UCN-01, which suppressed the growth of these digestive cancer cell lines. A human pancreatic cancer xenograft (CRL 1420) and breast cancer xenograft (MX-1) were used to determine their sensitivity to UCN-01, in nude mice. UCN-01 significantly suppressed the tumor growth of CRL 1420 at a dose of 10 mg/kg in a schedule of (qd x 5) x 2, but was ineffective for MX-1. While p21 protein expression was induced by UCN-01 in both CRL 1420 and MX-1, an accumulation of dephosphorylated ppRb was observed only in CRL 1420, resulting in G1 block as detected by flow cytometric analysis. The CDK 2 activity of MX-1 was almost 6 times higher than that of CRL 1420, which might account for the resistance of MX-1 to UCN-01 in spite of the induction of p21 in this strain. We conclude that the determinant of sensitivity to UCN-01 lies in the balance of CDK 2 kinase activity and p21 protein induction.     

Stable expression of temperature-sensitive p53: a suitable model to study wild-type p53 function in pancreatic carcinoma cells

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an extremely aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Inactivation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene occurs in approximately 50% of primary tumors and is thought to account for a failure of the tumor cells to undergo growth arrest and apoptosis in response to chemotherapy. Hence, it is of interest to study the consequences of the restoration of wild-type (wt) p53 function in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Therefore, we retrovirally transduced temperature-sensitive (ts) human p53 into the p53-null pancreatic carcinoma cell line AsPC-1. ts p53 has a mutant phenotype at 37.5 degrees C, and a wt conformation at 32.5 degrees C. Stable expression of p53 in wt conformation caused upregulation of the p53 responsive gene p21Waf1/Cip1, and G1 growth arrest, but failed to induce Bax expression or apoptosis. In addition, we examined the effect of wt p53 expression on DNA damaging treatment. Interestingly, the doxorubicin- and radiation-induced S-/G2-phase arrests were suppressed by p53 in wt conformation. These results demonstrate that the ts p53/AsPC-1 model is suitable to investigate the effect of wt p53 restoration in pancreatic carcinoma cells.     

野生型p53基因的导入对膀胱癌细胞抑制作用的观察

转染外源野生型ｐ５３基因对膀胱癌ＥＪ细胞的抑制作用。方法将含外源野生型ｐ５３基因的（ａｄ┐Ｗｔｐ５３）转染膀胱癌ＥＪ细胞,观察生长曲线,细胞周期变化及裸鼠体内抑瘤试验。结果转染了ａｄ┐Ｗｔｐ５３的ＥＪ细胞在体外生长速率下降,在裸鼠体内致瘤性丧失,流式细胞仪显示,ＤＮＡ合成前期或静止期的细胞比例增高。另外,ａｄ┐Ｗｔｐ５３直接注射到肿瘤组织内,可使外源野生型ｐ５３基因在肿瘤细胞内有效、稳定的表达,肿瘤表现为生长减缓,最后停止生长并有缩小。结论腺病毒载体介导基因转染效率高,速度快,安全,是很有前途的体内基因治疗载体。     

p53基因对人胃癌细胞生长及致瘤性的抑制作用

p53基因异常是人类肿瘤中最常见的基因变异之一．是最有希望用于肿瘤基因治疗的目的基因。在人胃癌组织中有较高频率的p53基因缺失和突变，为探讨p53基因用于胃癌治疗的可行性，我们采用脂质体介导方法将外源性野生型p53基因转染一株p53基因有部分缺失的人胃癌BGC823细胞，获得较高的转染效率，对转染后细胞DNA，RNA和蛋白进行分析．结果表明外源性p53基因已整合人细胞并获稳定表达，表达有外源性野生型p53基因的细胞生长速度，软琼脂集落形成率及裸鼠致瘤性均有部分抑制。这一结果进一步证明p53基因在胃癌发生发展过程中起重要作用．本研究为采用野生型p53基因转染进行胃癌基因治疗提供了细胞学实验依据。     

Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, and induction of dormancy by p53 in a p53-null thyroid carcinoma cell line in vivo

Our recent in vitro findings for suppression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1; an antiangiogenic factor) expression by wild-type (wt) p53 in a p53-null thyroid carcinoma cell line, FRO, prompted us to investigate the in vivo effect of exogenous wt-p53 and TSP1 expression on tumor growth and angiogenesis of FRO xenografts in nude mice. Overexpression of TSP1, which did not affect the in vitro cell growth, significantly inhibited the in vivo tumor growth and neovascularization but not tumorigenesis; all the mice inoculated with FRO cells expressing TSP1 developed tumors, which were smaller and less vascularized than those derived from FRO cells. In contrast, restoration of wt-p53 expression, which reduced the in vitro cell growth rate, inhibited tumorigenesis and induced a state of "dormancy". Thus, approximately 40% of mice inoculated with FRO cells expressing wt-p53 (FRO-p53) were tumor free and the remaining mice developed hypovascular tumors which remained small (< or = 5 mm in size) for up to 60 days. Of interest, the phenotype of FRO-p53 tumors reverted to a well vascularized, progressively expanding tumor by exogenous expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (a proangiogenic factor). Our data demonstrated wt-p53 inhibition of tumorigenesis and induction of dormancy by suppression of neovascularization in FRO cells. The results suggest that p53 gene therapy for thyroid carcinoma harboring p53 mutation may be more efficacious than we had expected from previous in vitro data.     

p53缺失和突变对人肺癌细胞系恶性表型影响的比较

目的 比较研究外源正义和反义p53对所转染细胞系恶性表型的影响。方法 构建正义和反义p53cDNA真核细胞表达载体pEGFP-p53(RS)和pEGFP-p53(AS)。用Lipofectin介导转染801D细胞。PCR检测外源p53和neo基因，荧光显微镜检查转染细胞绿荧光蛋白，免疫组化染色检测突变蛋白表达。比较pEGFP-p53(AS)-801D和pEGFP-p53(RS)-801D的集落形成试验和裸鼠移植试验，用流式细胞术分析细胞周期。结果 PCR检测出外源p53和neo基因存在于细胞，细胞可见绿色荧光，免疫组化检测示pEGFP-p53(AS)-801D突变蛋白呈阴性，母系为阳性，表明反义p53能封闭突变p53蛋白表达，pEGFP-p53（RS）-801D和pEGFP-p53(AS)801D细胞集落形成率和裸鼠移植成瘤性均降低，pEGFP-p53(RS)-801D更为明显。pEGFP-p53(AS)-801D细胞周期阻滞于G1期。结论 在同一细胞背景下，p53缺失比p53突变对恶性增殖起更重要的作用。外源野生型p53在肿瘤细胞中可恢复重建其功能，外源反义p53可封闭突变蛋白表达，阻止细胞停留于G1期。     

Endogenous p53 gene status predicts the response of human squamous cell carcinomas to wild-type p53

Prior reports suggest that p53 protein status may influence the response to gene transduction with wild-type (wt) p53. Adenoviral vectors containing the p53 gene were administered to normal keratinocytes, to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines with varied p53 protein status (absent, mutant, wt, or degraded by papillomavirus), as well as to tumors formed in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis, G1 growth arrest, WAF1/p21 induction, and in vivo tumor progression were studied after wt p53 gene transduction. Apoptosis developed first in normal keratinocytes, next in SCCs lacking p53 protein, and last in SCCs with mutant or degraded p53 protein. All of the cell lines studied demonstrated an increase in WAF1/p21 protein, but only those lacking p53 protein showed G1 arrest. Tumors lacking p53 protein were more susceptible to p53 overexpression than those containing mutant or degraded p53 protein. The endogenous p53 protein status of SCCs appears to influence the outcome of p53 gene transduction.     

Effect on biological behavior of chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells by human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes via recombinant adenovirus

　Objective To explore the effect on biological behavior of chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells by human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes mediated via recombinant adenovirus. Methods p53-abnormal KB-v200 (VCR resistant) and KB-s (VCR sensitive) cell lines were used as model tumor cells, which are resistant and sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs respectively. After infected with recombinant adenovirus carrying human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes, changes in biological behavior (including drug sensitivity) of these two kinds of gene-transduced cancer cells were observed. Results Both of the cell lines were susceptible to adenovirus, all of three exogenous genes (p53, GM-CSF and B7-1) could be effectively expressed in these cell lines, their growth was suppressed, and apoptosis was induced. The drug-pumping-out function of Pgp glycoprotein on the cytomembrane of drug-resistant KB-v200 cells was markedly affected 48h after transfection of the recombinant adenovirus, revealed by increase of the amount of rhodamine 123 accumulation in the cells. The MTT assay also indicated the reversal of their sensitivity to VCR drugs. In vivo experiment in nude mice it was demonstrated reduction of tumorigenicity of the KB-v200 cells or KB-s cells infected with the recombinant adenovirus, and increase of their sensitivity to VCR. Conclusion The clinical application of this recombinant adenovirus carrying agents might be more effective in treatment of tumors with multidrug resistance (MDR).     

Ad-wtp53对p53状态不同结直肠癌细胞生长的影响

目的：探讨胃癌组织中MAGE－1基因启动子B'B区去甲基化状态及其与病理分级及临床分期的关系。方法：取胃癌组织标本40例，另外取同患者相应的癌旁组织40例作为对照。采用分子生物学技术－甲基化敏感性内切酶酶切及PCR扩增技术，研究了胃癌组织中MAGE－1启动子B'B区的去甲基化状态。结果：在所检测的胃癌组织标本中MAGE－1基因启动子B'B区去甲基化的发生率为25％（10／40）。而在癌旁组织中发生率为0，两者发生率的差别具有显著的统计学意义（P＜0．01）。在低分化腺癌中MAGE－1基因的B'B区去甲化发生率为50％（6／12），中分化腺癌中发生率为18．7％（3／16），高分化腺癌中发生率为8．3（1／11）。其发生率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。在早期胃癌组织中B'B区的去甲基化的发生率为16．7％，在晚期胃癌组织中发生率为28．6％（P＜0．05），差别有统计学意义。结论：胃癌组织中MAGE－1基因启动子的B'B区存在去甲基化。该区的去甲基化发生率与胃癌组织的病理分级以及与临床分期有关。     

Therapeutic potential of an adenovirus expressing p73 beta, a p53 homologue, against human papilloma virus positive cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer development. p53 based gene therapy is not suitable for cervical cancer because HPV oncoprotein E6 inactivates p53 protein by targeting it for ubiquitin mediated degradation. Here we evaluated the efficiency of Ad-p73, a replication deficient adenovirus expressing p73beta a p53 homologue, to inhibit the growth of HPV positive cervical cancer cells in vitro using tissue culture system and in vivo using human xenografts in nude mice. Ad-p73, but not Ad-p53 (p53 adenovirus), inhibited the growth in vitro of three different HPV positive cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa, ME180, and SiHa, efficiently, which correlated with stable expression of functional p73 protein. However, the growth of a HPV negative cervical cancer cell line, C33A, was inhibited equally by both Ad-p73 and Ad-p53. In addition, we show that Ad-p73 preinfected HeLa cells and HCT116 E6 cells, an E6 stable cell line, failed to form tumors in nude mice unlike Ad-p53 or Ad-LacZ preinfected cells. Moreover, Ad-p73, but not Ad-p53, inhibited completely the growth of already established tumors of HeLa or HCT116 E6 cells. Furthermore, the ability of p73 to inhibit the growth of these tumors correlated with the stable expression of p73 protein with the concomitant induction of its target gene p21(WAF1/CIP1) and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. These results suggest that Ad-p73 inhibits efficiently the growth in vitro and tumorigenicity and tumor growth in vivo of HPV positive cervical cancer cells and that p73-based approach should be explored as a potential therapeutic model for the treatment of cervical cancer.