急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗后D-二聚体动态变化的意义

在22例符合溶栓条件的急性心肌梗塞患者，应用尿激酶溶栓治疗前后，用乳胶颗粒凝集法检测了血清D-二聚体的动态变化和对照组比较，D-二聚体含量在梗塞相关动脉（IRA）再通者明显升高（P＜0．01），而IRA未再通者仅稍有升高（P＞0．05）。结果表明，D-二聚体水平和IRA再通与否之间有良好的相关性，且方法简便，易于推广。     

D-二聚体定量检测对判定急性冠脉综合征血栓形成的研究

目的：探讨D-二聚体定量检测对于判定急性冠脉综合征（ACS）血栓形成的意义。方法：选择住院不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者36例,急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者13例,稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者23例,采用胶体金标法动态检测患者静脉血中的D-二聚体含量。结果：D-二聚体含量：UAP组（0．95±0．32）mg／L,AMI组（1．82±0．63）mg／L,UAP组与SAP组（0．39±0．15）mg／L比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,AMI组与SAP组比较,差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：D-二聚体定量检测是判定ACS血栓形成相对特异的敏感指标。     

尿激酶静脉溶栓与低分子肝素治疗急性脑梗死

目的 探讨尿激酶静脉溶栓在急性脑梗死治疗中的疗效。方法 选择2002年-2004年住院治疗的急性脑梗死病人60例，随机分为溶栓组与对照组各30例，对照组采用常规治疗，溶栓组采用尿激酶溶栓治疗，两组分别于治疗前及治疗后1h、6h、24h、48h测定血浆D-二聚体含量，且分别于治疗前及治疗后1d、3d、7d、21d对两组病人的神经功能缺损情况进行评分。结果 溶栓后1h血浆中D-二聚体急骤升高至峰值，维持约6h，24h后基本恢复至溶栓前水平，48h后明显下降，基本恢复正常。溶栓组治疗后1d、3d、7d、21d的神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 应用尿激酶在治疗时间窗内进行静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死是一种有效的治疗方法。     

冠心病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽的变化

目的：观察冠心病患者血浆肾上腺髓质素前体N端20肽（PAMP）水平的变化并探讨其临床意义。方法：经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病病人66例被分为三组：稳定型心绞痛组（SAP）21例，不稳定型心绞痛组（UAP）29例，急性心肌梗塞组（AMI）16例，对照组为经冠脉造影证实无冠心病的患者23例，所有研究对象取空腹卧位周围静脉血5ml，用放射免疫分析法测定血浆中PAMP浓度。结果：对照组、SAP组、UAP组与AMI组PAMP血浆含量依次为（5．55±0．97）ng／L、（9．25±2．95）ng／L、（13．07士1．29）ng／L、（15．52±4．60）ng／L，冠心病三组PAMP血浆含量明显高于对照组（P均〈0．01），在冠心病组中，UAP组与AMI组PAMP血浆含量明显高于SAP组（P均〈0．01）。结论：冠心病患者血浆PAMP水平升高，而UAP组与AMI组升高更明显，提示PAMP参与了冠心病的病理生理过程。     

肿瘤坏死因子在心肌缺血再灌注中的变化和意义

为探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF－α）在心肌缺血再灌注治疗中的变化及其意义，观察了急性心肌梗塞（AMI）溶栓治疗后血管再通与未通患者血浆TNF－α含量的动态变化，同时在兔心肌缺血再灌注（MI／R）模型上观察了血浆TNF－α、心肌组织中中性粒细胞的浸润、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果显示：（1）AMI发病早期（6h）血浆TNF－α含量高于正常对照31％（P＞0．05）；溶栓血管未通患者在发病24小时内较正常升高33．2％～38．6％（P＞0．05）；溶栓血管开通后在再灌注1小时较正常对照和溶栓前分别升高达76．7％和44．6％（P＜0．01，P＜0．05），再灌注4．5小时仍高于正常对照（P＜0．05），10小时后下降接近溶栓前水平。动物实验与临床结果相似，并发现，缺血与坏死心肌中有大量中性粒细胞浸润；MI1．5h／R1h或R4h组较MI1．5h组缺血心肌中MPO活性与MDA含量均明显升高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），TNF－α释放与MPO活性呈正相关（γ＝0．72，P＜0．01）。结果提示，TNF－α参与了心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发病，TNF－α可能促进了中性粒细胞对心肌的浸润并与中性粒细胞共同导致了心肌损伤。     

肝硬化、肝癌患者临床分期与血浆中D-二聚体检测及临床意义

目的通过检测肝硬化、肝癌不同临床分期患者血浆中D-二聚体含量，探讨其鉴别诊断意义及肝病凝血功能紊乱的机制。方法采用美国贝克曼ACL-7000检测仪，采用免疫比浊法测出样本含量（不同临床分期的肝硬化35例及肝癌28例、健康对照组25例）。结果肝硬化组代偿期及失代偿期组、肝癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期组患者血浆中D-二聚体含量明显高于健康对照组（P＜0．01）。肝硬化、肝癌各临床分期组间比较差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）．肝硬化代偿期组与肝癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组、肝硬化失代偿与肝癌Ⅲ期之间的D-二聚体相互比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论血浆D-二聚体含量在肝硬化、肝癌各临床分期患者明显增高，病情及肝功能损害程度越重血浆二聚体含量越高，肝硬化与肝癌患者比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05），故对肝硬化与肝癌的鉴别诊断意义不大。     

低分子肝素对慢性肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体的影响

目的观察低分子肝素（LMWH）对肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体的影响。方法68例肺心病患者随机分为A．B两组。A组（治疗组）在常规治疗基础上加用LMVVH5000单位每日1次，皮下注射，10次为1个疗程。B组（对照组）给以常规治疗。结果A组血浆D-二聚体明显下降，治疗前后相比有显著差异（P（0、01），而B组血浆D-二聚体治疗前后相比无显著差异（P）0．05）。A、B两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论LMVVH可使肺心病患者血浆D-二聚体明显降低，可改善血液高凝状态。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗期间血浆D-二聚体的动态变化及其临床意义

目的 :探讨血浆 D-二聚体对评价溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)的价值及意义。　　方法 :2 9例 AMI患者分为溶栓组 (n=2 1) ,未溶栓组 (n=8) ;溶栓组根据溶栓治疗后冠状动脉 (冠脉 )是否开通又分为溶栓再通组 (n=12 ) ,溶栓未通组 (n=9) ;采用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)法检测血浆 D-二聚体的水平 ,并与正常对照组 (n=2 0 )进行比较。　　结果 :AMI未溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较正常对照组显著升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;溶栓组血浆 D-二聚体较未溶栓组显著升高(P<0 .0 5 ) ,溶栓后血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓前显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,于溶栓后 6小时达高峰 ;溶栓再通组血浆 D-二聚体较溶栓未通组显著升高 ,溶栓前及溶栓后 6小时两组比较有极显著统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。　　结论 :AMI早期已有纤溶系统亢进 ,应用溶栓药后进一步激活纤溶系统而发挥作用 ,且以溶栓再通组更显著。     

冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白水平和血浆D-二聚体水平变化及其相关性研究

目的观察冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白水平和血浆D-二聚体水平变化,分析其相关性。方法选取2013年6月—2015年10月在宜昌市中心人民医院住院治疗的冠心病患者90例作为病例组,根据冠心病类型分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组25例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组15例、陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)组20例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组30例。另选取同时期在本院体检的健康成年人30例作为对照组。比较5组受试者血清载脂蛋白水平和血浆D-二聚体水平。结果 SAP组、UAP组、AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白a水平低于对照组,UAP组、AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白a水平低于SAP组,OMI组患者血清载脂蛋白a水平高于SAP组、UAP组,AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白a水平低于OMI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);SAP组、UAP组、OMI组、AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白b水平高于对照组,UAP组、AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白b水平高于SAP组,AMI组患者血清载脂蛋白b水平高于OMI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);SAP组、UAP组、OMI组、AMI组患者血浆D-二聚体水平高于对照组,UAP组、AMI组患者血浆D-二聚体水平高于SAP组,OMI组患者血浆D-二聚体水平高于UAP组,AMI组患者血浆D-二聚体水平高于OMI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血清载脂蛋白a水平与血浆D-二聚体水平呈负相关(P0.05),血清载脂蛋白b水平与血浆D-二聚体水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白a水平较低,血清载脂蛋白b水平和血浆D-二聚体水平较高,尤以AMI和UAP患者明显,血清载脂蛋白水平变化与血浆D-二聚体水平变化相关。     

清胰汤对急性胆源性胰腺炎患者血浆D-二聚体水平的影响

目的：观察清胰汤对急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）患者血浆D-二聚体水平的影响,探讨其临床意义。方法将80例ABP患者按随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组各40例。两组入院后给予对症治疗,观察组除对症治疗外给予清胰汤治疗。分别于术前及术后第1、4、7天检测两组血浆D-二聚体水平。结果观察组术前及术后第1、4、7天血浆D-二聚体水平分别为（3．43±1．21）、（2．94±1．07）、（1．15±0．36）、（0．49±0．26）mg／L,对照组分别为（3．26±1．05）、（2．86±0．9）、（1．74±0．58）、（0．89±0．37） mg／L;术前及术后第1天两组血浆D-二聚体水平比较差异无统计学意义（P均＞0．05）;术后第4、7天,两组血浆D-二聚体水平比术前降低（P均＜0．05）,且观察组降低更明显（ P均＜0．05）。结论清胰汤可降低ABP患者血浆D-二聚体水平,从而改善机体微循环障碍。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.