糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点与微创治疗

目的：探讨糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点与微创治疗。方法：总结我院2004年2月至2009年9月收治的46例糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿病人的临床资料。32例在静脉应用胰岛素、抗菌素控制血糖与感染的基础上,南B超引导下行肝脏脓肿穿刺引流,其中4例同时行ERCP胆管取石结合鼻胆管引流;6例行腹腔镜探查、肝脓肿切开引流,其中4例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术;另8例采用保守治疗。结果：经保守治疗治愈8例,B超穿刺脓肿引流或腹腔镜脓肿切开引流治愈24例,脓腔缩小好转出院8例;临床治愈率达95．7％。另有2例病人脓肿穿刺引流后因中毒性休克并发心、肺、肾多脏器功能衰竭死亡,病死率为4．3％：4例病人行脓肿引流后出血,经保守治疗后而痊愈。结论：在积极控制血糖,有效控制感染的基础上,采用B超或腹腔镜微创技术引流脓肿,是糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿病人的首选治疗方法。     

细菌性肝脓肿的中西医结合诊断与治疗

目的：总结细菌性肝脓肿的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析1994年－2001年我院收治的48例细菌性肝脓肿临床诊断与治疗的有关资料。服用中药及抗生素9例（18．7％），穿刺引流服用中药15例（31．3％），穿刺置管引流19例（39．5％），手术引流5例（10．4％）。结果：75％的病例来自胆道感染，47．9％的病例患有糖尿病。寒战发热、肝区疼痛及白细胞增高是本病的主要临床表现，全部病例治愈。结论：治疗细菌性肝脓肿需根据分期及部位而选择不同的治疗方法。     

细菌性肝脓肿外科处理的临床分析

目的总结细菌性肝脓肿的诊治经验。方法对我院从1992年-2002年十年间所收治的105例细菌性肝脓肿病人进行回顾性分析。本组治疗方法包括：单纯抗生素治疗21例,外科手术引流30例,腹腔镜手术引流6例,经皮穿刺抽吸治疗42例,经皮穿刺置管引流治疗6例。结果本组治愈101例,死亡4例,死亡率3．8％。结论早期诊断和恰当的治疗是提高细菌性肝脓肿疗效的重要因素,超声引导下穿刺抽吸和／或置管引流已成为细菌性肝脓肿的治疗首选,适合于大部分病人。而外科手术引流仅适合于介入治疗失败或脓肿破裂病人。     

糖尿病病人合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点(附42例报告)

目的　总结糖尿病病人合并细菌性肝脓肿的临床特点和治疗经验。方法　回顾性分析 42例糖尿病病人合并细菌性肝脓肿临床资料,并与同期收治非糖尿病肝脓肿病人比较。结果　糖尿 病病人合并肝脓肿脓液细菌培养阳性率、脓腔大小、住院时间与非糖尿病肝脓肿病人比较有显著性差 异,而治愈率无差异。结论　糖尿病肝脓肿病人主要为隐源性肝脓肿,常见致病菌为肺炎克雷白杆 菌,治疗应强调有效控制血糖、合理应用抗生素、全面营养支持和脓腔个体化治疗,可使预后与非糖尿 病肝脓肿病人无差异。     

细菌性肝脓肿的放射介入治疗

目的：探讨放射介入治疗（或联合经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流）治疗细菌性肝脓肿的效果。方法：回顾性分析65例细菌性肝脓肿病人（其中2例行介入治疗）的临床资料。结果：介入组无1例需中转手术引流，均痊愈出院；对照组39例中有2例因脓肿导管引流不畅需行手术引流，3例死于多脏器功能衰竭，病死率（7．7％）高于介入组，但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；介入组病人的退热时间和脓肿消退时间均显著短于对照组（均P＜0．05）。结论：介入治疗细菌性肝脓肿的效果优于传统治疗方法。     

合并有糖尿病的细菌性肝脓肿诊治经验

目的: 总结合并糖尿病的细菌性肝脓肿的诊治经验.方法: 回顾性分析35例糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿患者的临床资料.结果: 糖尿病合并细菌性肝脓肿占同期收治细菌性肝脓肿的50%.高龄糖尿病患者是细菌性肝脓肿的高发人群,右上腹痛、寒战高热、右上腹压痛与肝区叩痛是其主要临床表现,绝大多数患者的血常规检查为炎症表现.影像学诊断应首选B超检查,大部分细菌性肝脓肿可在B超引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流而治愈.结论: 糖尿病患者并发肝脓肿近来有增多的趋势,多见于高龄患者.提高认识,仔细查体,综合分析,是提高确诊率的关键.     

B超引导下经皮肝穿刺治疗细菌性肝脓肿93例效果分析

目的探讨B超引导下经皮肝穿刺在细菌性肝脓肿治疗中的临床应用价值。方法1995年10月—2004年2月，对接诊的93例细菌性肝脓肿患者实施B超引导下经皮肝穿刺抽吸或置管药物冲洗引流术．其中34例单纯穿刺抽脓．59例穿刺后置管药物冲洗引流。结果93例细菌性肝脓肿患者中91例经皮肝穿刺抽吸或置管药物冲洗引流治愈，2例中转手术，治愈率达97．8％。结论B超引导下经皮肝穿刺治疗细茵性肝脓肿具有安全、微创、廉价、高效、随时施治的优点，可作为临床治疗细菌性肝脓肿的首选方法。     

CT引导下Bard穿刺针置管引流治疗细菌性肝脓肿(附10例报告)

细菌性肝脓肿是由细菌感染引起的一种起病急、病情重的化脓性疾病。传统的治疗方法有药物治疗和手术治疗。我院自2002年10月至2005年2月在CT引导下采用穿刺引流装置经皮穿肝、抽脓、冲洗治疗10例细菌性肝脓肿患者,取得了非常满意的效果,报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:细菌性肝脓肿患者10例,均经CT或B超检查诊断为肝脓肿。男7例,女3例。年龄30~77岁,平均56.5岁。单发脓肿6例,多发脓肿4例。6例为胆源性,3例为肠源性,1例为外伤后继发细菌性肝脓肿。4例合并糖尿病,3例合并反应性胸腔积液,7例术前高热达39℃以上,5例因病情危重出现脓毒血症表现…     

糖尿病合并肝脓肿的外科诊治

目的　糖尿病患者肝脓肿的诊治经验。方法　对 14例糖尿病合并肝脓肿患者临床资料回顾性分析。结果　糖尿病合并肝脓肿占同期收治肝脓肿的 36 .84 % ,血糖控制不理想、临床表现不典型、脓肿液化不明显是本病的主要特点。本组 3例行 B超引导下穿刺引流 +抗生素冲洗治愈 ,平均住院 31± 1.7d,11例厚壁脓肿行手术脓肿局部切除 ,平均住院 2 0± 1.7d两者比较差异有显著意义 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　糖尿病患者肝脓肿临床不少见 ,多为厚壁脓肿 ,脓肿局部切除术是治疗本病的重要方法且安全有效 ,能缩短患者住院时间     

细菌性肝脓肿经皮肝穿刺与手术治疗疗效对比

目的：比较经皮肝穿刺与手术治疗细菌性肝脓肿的疗效。病例和方法：１９９０年１月至１９９６年３月的６年中，瑞金医院外科收治了３８例细菌性肝脓肿病人，其中２２例作经皮肝穿刺引流，１６列经腹手术引流。两组病人年龄、病灶大小及部位、病情程度等无明显差异，对两种治疗方法作了疗效观察。结果和结论：经皮肝穿刺引流成功的病人在饮食、血象、体温恢复正常时间以及抗生素应用时间、住院等方面明显优于经腹手术引流组，此外在输     

上尿路结石围手术期尿细菌检测的临床意义

目的 分析上尿路结石患者围手术期尿细菌谱及其药敏结果,指导抗生素治疗,减少术后发热和感染并发症.方法 2009年1月至2010年9月,148例上尿路结石患者行经皮肾镜取石术,对患者术前中段尿、术中感染性结石、术后肾造瘘管末端进行细菌培养,选择敏感药物行抗感染治疗,并对细菌谱、术后发热及感染并发症进行总结分析.结果 148例患者中段尿细菌培养阳性38例(25.7%),其中大肠埃希菌17例(44.7%)、表皮葡萄球菌4例、奇异变形杆菌3例、肺炎克雷伯杆菌3例、铜绿假单胞菌2例、屎肠球菌2例、溶血葡萄球菌2例、鲁氏不动杆菌1例、弗氏柠檬杆菌1例、酵母样菌1例、摩氏摩根菌1例、腐生葡萄球菌1例;感染性结石10例,细菌培养阳性8例,其中大肠埃希菌和奇异变形杆菌各3例,酵母样菌和铜绿假单胞菌各1例;肾造瘘管细菌培养阳性25例(16.9%),其中表皮葡萄球菌5例、溶血葡萄球菌5例、铜绿假单胞菌5例、屎肠球菌3例、科氏葡萄球菌2例、沃氏葡萄球菌2例、蜡样芽孢杆菌1例、产气肠杆菌1例、粪肠球杆菌1例.3种标本共培养344例次,阳性71例次,总阳性率20.6%.培养阳性者常用敏感药物包括亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、万古霉素、呋喃妥因等.术后发热患者41例(27.7%),包括术前中段尿培养阳性10例和肾造瘘管培养阳性患者9例;术后出现感染性休克1例.结论上尿路结石术前尿细菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,术后末期革兰染色阳性球菌常见;术前中段尿培养能指导抗生素应用,有效控制围手术期尿路感染,减少并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and resistance in upper urinary tract stone patients, then choose suitable antibiotics and reduce infectious complications accordingly.Methods Middle flow urine, infectious stone and the end of kidney drainage tube were taken for culture in 148 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between January 2009 to September 2010. Antibiotics were used according to the culture results and the complications secondary to infection were analyzed. Results Urinary pathogens presented in 38 (25.7%) patients before operation.There were 112 strains of bacteria. The predominant strains included: Escherichia coli (17 cases,11.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4 cases) and Proteus mirabillis (4 cases). Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabillis were common in stone culture. Staphylococcus epidermidis (5 cases),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 cases) and Staphylococcus haemolytcus (5 cases) were found in renal drainage tube culture which were positive in 25 patients. Imipenem, cefepime, vacomycin, nitrofurinton were sensitive and commonly used antibiotics. Forty-one patients (27.7 %) had fever postoperatively, including 10 positive for middle urine culture and 9 positive for drainage tube culture. One infective shock was diagnosed postoperatively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are predominant in the upper urinary tract stone patients preoperatively. Gram-positive ones are common postoperatively.Suitable antibiotics, based on middle flow urine culture, could reduce urinary infective complications.     

Neurosurgical complications of purulent meningitis in the tropical zone

Our retrospective study concerned 35 cases of surgical complications related to bacterial meningitis in 16 adults and 19 children. The mean age was 28 years for adults (15-56 years), and 6 months for children (1-12 months). Portal of entry for meningitis was found in 12 cases (35%): 8 sinusitis and 4 otitis. Delay to appearance of complications was 4.5 days, and to diagnosis confirmation 9 days with CT scan (17 cases), and transfontanellar ultrasonography (19 cases). The complications were: hydrocephalus, 19 cases (54%), brain empyemas, 7 cases (20%), abscesses, 10 cases (28.5%), ventriculitis, 2 cases (6%). Twenty-two bacteria were isolated from the CSF: Streptococcus pneumoniae (15 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (5 cases), Neisseria meningitidis (1 case), and Escherichia coli (1 case). Fourteen patients underwent neurosurgical treatment based on aspiration in case of suppuration and external drainage in case of hydrocephalus. The associated medical treatment was antibiotics combining third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolone, and metronidazol, with a mean duration of 12 days. Recovery rate was 89%, letality 11%, and after effect rate were 33%. Our results confirm the low frequency of neurosurgical complications related to bacterial meningitis, but it emphasizes the role of an early CT-scan for diagnosis and prognosis.     

腹腔镜胆总管结石探查后胆总管不同闭合方式的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管结石探查后不同胆总管闭合方式的治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2017年5月佛山市第一人民医院和佛山市禅城中心医院298例行腹腔镜胆囊切除和同期胆总管取石患者的临床资料。比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术和胆总管探查术后胆总管不同闭合方式患者的严重并发症发生率（Clavien-Dindo分级≥Ⅲ级）、术后胆漏发生率（Grade分级A/B/C）、住院时间、再入院率、胆总管结石复发和其他相关并发症。 结果74例（24.8%）行胆总管一期缝合术,118例（39.6%）行T管引流术,106例（35.6%）行胆总管支架引流术。一期缝合、T管引流术以及内支架引流的患者住院时间分别为2~30（5.8±3.7） d、7~75（11.6±8.9） d和7~56（9.8±5.1） d,差异有统计学意义（F=5.96,P=0.04）;再入院率分别为0（0/74）、10.2%（12/118）、5.7%（6/106）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.25,P=0.02）;术后总并发症发生率分别为28.4%（21/74）、31.4%（37/118）、27.4%（29/106）,严重并发症的发生率分别为0（0/74）、7.6%（9/118）、4.7%（5/106）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.52,P=0.04）;术后胆漏并发症分别为23.0%（17/74）、16.9%（20/118）和8.5%（9/106）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.34,P=0.02）。但胆总管一期缝合术无C级胆漏发生,B级胆漏通过延长引流而治愈;术后结石复发率分别为2.7%（2/74）、4.2%（5/118）、11.3%（12/106）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.91,P=0.03）。 结论腹腔镜胆总管结石探查术后采用T管引流和内支架植入并不能带来更多的益处,反而有较多相关的并发症。尽管胆总管一期缝合容易出现术后胆漏,但很少出现严重的并发症。     

Intracranial complications of otitis media: 15 years of experience in 33 patients.

OBJECTIVES: Complications in the central nervous system (CNS) from acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media (COM) are becoming fewer, although they still represent a challenge for early recognition, adequate treatment, and satisfactory results. This retrospective study analyzed clinical data and therapeutic options in 33 patients with intracranial involvement resulting from otitis media. Important clinical features of intracranial complications and the sequence of the most efficient therapeutic maneuvers are discussed. METHODS: Charts of six patients with AOM and 27 patients with COM associated with CNS complications were analyzed for clinical presentation, imaging, and therapeutic approach. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 6 months to 79 years, with no gender predilection. Persistent fever, headache, and purulent otorrhea were the main symptoms. Proteus mirabilis , Enterococcus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common microorganisms in COM, and Pneumococcus and Haemophilus were the most common microorganisms in AOM. Nineteen patients (58%) presented with more than 1 CNS complication, resulting in a total of 56 complications, including 26 cases of otogenic brain abscess, 21 cases of meningitis, 5 cases of lateral sinus thromboses, two cases of subdural empyemas, 1 case of epidural empyema, and 1 case of meningocele. Surgical interventions included craniotomy and drainage of the abscess (n = 17), open mastoidectomy with abscess drained through the mastoid (n = 10), open mastoidectomy alone (n = 8), and closed mastoidectomy (n = 2). Twelve patients who underwent craniotomy had subsequent mastoidectomy for recurrent abscess. At the 6-month, 66% of patients presented without sequelae, 24% presented with sequelae, and 9% died. CONCLUSION: Early identification and prompt clinical and surgical intervention with mandatory drainage of the middle ear (primary disease), was essential for better outcome.     

Primary closure of contaminated wounds in perforated appendicitis.

We studied the clinical course of 506 children consecutively admitted with appendicitis at The Hospital for Sick Children from 1985 to 1989. One hundred eighty-one children (35%), ranging in age from 1 to 17 years, presented with perforation verified by histological examination. Ninety-six of them (53%) had generalized peritonitis, 47 (26%) had localized peritonitis, and 38 (21%) had abscess formation. Usually, triple antibiotics were begun preoperatively if perforation was suspected; otherwise, cefoxitin was started. Triple antibiotics were used postoperatively for 5 to 7 days in almost all children in the perforated group. Neither abdominal nor subcutaneous drainage was routinely used even in cases of intraabdominal abscess. The skin was closed primarily with steri-strips (63%), staples (20%), subcutaneous Dexon (11%), or silk (4%). Postoperative wound infection arose in 20 children (11%). Wound infections were noted from 1 to 14 days postoperatively (mean, 5.9 days). Whereas 9 of these were treated with local therapy only, 11 delayed the child's discharge or necessitated readmission. No patient suffered major complications from wound infection in that there were no cases of necrotizing fasciitis, reoperation for debridement, sepsis, or death. The intraabdominal abscess rate in this group of 181 children was 6% (n = 11). The low rate of infective complications fully justifies the policy of primary closure in contaminated wounds. This policy eliminates the necessity for painful and time-consuming dressing changes, shortens hospitalization, and obviates the trauma of delayed suturing of wounds in children.     

肝胆管结石行肝段联合切除中的手术策略

目的:评价多肝段联合切除治疗复杂肝胆管结石的效果。方法:回顾性分析93例肝胆管结石患者行多肝段联合切除术的临床资料。术式包括行右半肝切除5例,右后叶切除7例,右后叶切除加肝左外叶切除2例,肝Ⅷ段加尾状叶切除1例,肝Ⅷ段加左外叶切除3例,肝Ⅶ,Ⅷ段次全切除加左外叶切除术2例,右前叶切除5例,肝Ⅳ,Ⅴ段切除2例,肝Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅷ段次全切除5例,左半肝切除19例,左半肝加尾状叶切除4例,肝Ⅳ段切除6例,左外叶切除32例。附加手术包括胆肠吻合术22例;所有患者行胆囊切除,胆道镜检查和/或取石,术后胆总管T管引流。结果:全组无手术死亡病例。发生并发症17例(18.2%),其中胆瘘2例(2.2%),膈下感染1例(1.1%),切口感染6例(6.4%),肺部感染3例(3.2%),胸腔积液6例(6.4%),应激性溃疡2例(2.2%),均经治疗痊愈出院。术后发现残石9例,经胆道镜取净结石5例。全组随访89例(95.7%)。3例合并胆管癌的患者死于胆管癌复发,3例胆管结石复发。结论:以多肝段联合切除为主的手术方式是治疗肝胆管结石的有效手段。     

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: infectious complications and microbiological aspects

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the infectious complications among simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations (SPKT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the first 45 SPKT the mean age was 34 years (range, 21 to 49) and the mean duration of follow-up 13 months (range, 2 to 27 months). RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (51%) presented at least one to three episodes (1.7 mean) of infectious complications that needed hospitalization. The etiology of the infections included 71% bacterial (44% gram-negative rods and 27% gram-positive cocci), 16% viral (12% from CMV and 4% from Herpes sp) and 13% fungal (8% by Candida sp and 4% by others fungus). Wound and urinary infections were most frequent, occurring in 22% and 28% of the patients, respectively. All patients who were submitted to vesical drainage developed infections in contrast a rate of only 44% among patients undergoing enteric drainage. CONCLUSION: Infectious complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, especially with vesical drainage. The use of enteric drainage combined with administration of broad spectrum prophylactic antibiotics is recommended.     

Interventional ultrasound: experience in 426 orthotopic liver transplantations

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of interventional ultrasound in the treatment of nonvascular complications in liver transplant recipients. METHODS: Between August 1996 and May 2003, we performed 426 OLTs in 394 patients, 287 men (73%) and 107 women (27%), mean age of 50 +/- 9.5 years (range 17 to 68.2). A total of 2556 diagnostic ultrasound examinations were performed, resulting in a mean of 5.9 per patient (range 2 to 21). The interventional maneuvers included: echo-guided biopsies; drainage of abdominal or thoracic effusions; drainage of abdominal, intrahepatic, or splenic collections; positioning of biliary drains; and use of the "rendezvous" technique. RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-seven echo-guided interventional maneuvers were performed in 394 OTL patients, comprising 417 (61.6%) biopsies and 260 (38.4%) therapeutic maneuvers. Eighty-one ascite drains were positioned (31.1%); in 73 cases, pleural effusions were drained (28.1%). Sixty-seven abdominal or intrahepatic collections were drained (25.8%), of which 36 (53.7%) were due to bilomas or biliary peritonitis, 15 (22.4%) hematomas, 4 (5.9%) hepatic abscesses, 11 (16.4%) infected abdominal collections, and 1 (1.5%) splenic abscess. Thirty-nine cases (15%) of biliary drainage were performed. In 33 cases (7.9%), the parenchymal biopsies were not diagnostic because of an inadequate specimen. The treatment success rate was 96.1%. No complications related to the therapeutic maneuvers were recorded, but there were 5 biopsy-related complications (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Echo-guided interventional maneuvers are safe, produce a high success rate, and represent an important option in the management of OLT patients.     

Subduroperitoneal drainage for subdural hematomas in infants: results in 244 cases.

OBJECT: Subduroperitoneal drainage (SDPD) is commonly used in the treatment of infantile subdural hematomas (SDHs). Few studies have focused on this technique and most series have included SDHs of various origins in children of different ages. The surgical procedure is not standardized and results achieved using this technique have not been well documented. The authors reviewed their cases of traumatic SDH treated with SDPD in infants (< 2 years of age). Their standard technique includes bilateral SDPD whenever the SDH is bilateral, placement of a free shunt, and systematic removal of the drainage unit after a few months. METHODS: The authors performed SDPD in 244 infants with traumatic SDH. The patients' SDHs were controlled by SDPD in 241 cases, and 78.9% of the patients recovered to live a normal life. Complications of SDPD occurred in 38 patients (15.6%): obstruction in 22 cases (9%), infection in eight cases (3.28%), and internal hydrocephalus in eight cases (3.28%). Early complications could be ascribed to surgical technique, delayed complications were associated with the severity of the initial clinical presentation, and late complications were time dependent and unrelated to initial clinical severity. Poor clinical outcome was correlated to the severity of the initial presentation, but not to complications of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Because of its efficacy and low complication rate, SDPD is the procedure of choice when subdural taps fail to control SDH. The authors prefer bilateral drainage because of the low rate of complications. Drains should be systematically removed after a few months to prevent long-term complications.     

临床分离黄杆菌属细菌产β内酰胺酶及耐药性分析

目的　检测黄杆菌的耐药性和产 β内酰胺酶 (BLA)及超广谱 β内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)情况 ,为临床治疗提供理论依据。　方法　将临床分离的 6株黄杆菌属细菌分别以纸片法、双纸片协同法检测其产BLA和ESBLs;用K B法和梯度琼脂平板法检测黄杆菌对抗生素的敏感性 ,测定其最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)。　结果　 6株黄杆菌均为产BLA菌株 ,且 >80 %的黄杆菌产ESBLs;黄杆菌对 β内酰胺类抗生素耐药率高 (MIC为 32 2 5 6mg L),对氟喹诺酮类抗生素及加酶头孢菌素较敏感 (MIC为 0 .12 5 8.0 0 0mg L)。　结论　院内感染的黄杆菌多产BLA,并对BLA类抗生素高度耐药 ;由其导致的感染在治疗上建议优先选用氟喹诺酮类抗生素或加酶抑制剂BLA类抗生素。