维药瘤果黑种草子总皂苷含量测定及纯化工艺研究

目的优选大孔吸附树脂纯化瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的工艺条件。方法以瘤果黑种草子总皂苷量为考察指标,采用紫外一可见分光光度法测定瘤果黑种草子总皂苷含量,考察AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的洗脱条件：上样液浓度、上样液pH、洗脱剂浓度、上样液用量及洗脱速度。结果上样液浓度为3．93mg／mL,8倍量50％乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速为4BV／h,按此工艺条件得瘤果黑种草子总皂苷纯度为62．1％。结论该方法操作简便,纯化效果较好。     

瘤果黑种草子化学成分的研究

目的:研究瘤果黑种草子的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从瘤果黑种草子中分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为黑种草三糖(Ⅰ)、常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ)、常春藤皂苷元3-O-β-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅲ)、蔗糖(Ⅳ)、硬脂酸(Ⅴ)、十六烷酸甘油酯(Ⅵ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅷ)、对羟基苯甲酸(Ⅸ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ首次从该植物中发现,其中化合物Ⅰ为新化合物。     

维药瘤果黑种草子化学成分研究

目的：研究瘤果黑种草子的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从瘤果黑种草子中分离鉴定了4个化合物，分别为二十六酸（Ⅰ）、1-二十烯（Ⅱ）、黑种草苷（Ⅲ）、附子碱（Ⅳ）。结论：化合物（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）首次从该植物中发现。     

维药瘤果黑种草子质量标准研究

目的:建立瘤果黑种草子的质量标准.方法:采用TLC法对瘤果黑种草子药材中常春藤皂苷元进行定性鉴别:硅胶G板,以苯-甲醇-甲酸(17:6:1)为展开剂进行展开.采用HPLC测定瘤果黑种草子中常春藤皂苷元的含量:Kromasil100-5C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)色谱柱,乙腈-0.05%磷酸水(68:32)为流动相,柱温20℃,检测波长为208 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min.结果:通过薄层色谱可鉴别常春藤皂苷元.常春藤皂苷元在0.252～10.08 μg/mL(r=0.9999,n=6)与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.7%(RSD=2.3%).结论:所建立的瘤果黑种草子质量标准研究方法可行,重复性好,能有效的控制该药材的质量.     

星点设计-效应面法优化瘤果黑种草子中总皂苷提取工艺

目的采用星点设计—效应面法优化瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的提取工艺。方法以瘤果黑种草子中皂苷元含量为因变量,以溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、提取温度、提取时间为自变量,通过对自变量各水平进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,用效应面法选择最佳提取工艺,进行预测分析,并将预测值与实验值进行比较。结果最优提取工艺条件为50％乙醇12倍量,60℃超声提取90min。二项式拟和复相关系数为r=0．9671,提取率预测值与理论值偏差率为0．21％。结论理论值与预测值吻合度高,星点设计—效应面法优化瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的提取工艺方法精密度高、预测性好。     

瘤果黑种草子高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的:建立瘤果黑种草子药材的高效液相指纹图谱。方法:以黑种草苷为对照,采用高效液相色谱法测定10批次不同产地瘤果黑种草子;YMC-Pack ODS-A色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.1%醋酸梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长254 nm。结果:标示出瘤果黑种草子药材的13个特征指纹峰,10批次不同产地瘤果黑种草子的色谱图相似度均大于0.9。结论:该方法操作简便、重复性好,为瘤果黑种草子药材的全面质量控制提供了参考。     

瘤果黑种草子颗粒对肾阳虚模型小鼠影响的实验研究

目的：探讨瘤果黑种草子颗粒的温补肾阳作用。方法：用氢化可的松给小鼠皮下注射,造成肾阳虚动物模型,观察瘤果黑种草子颗粒对肾阳虚小鼠的白发活动次数、游泳存活时间及脏器指数的影响。结果：瘤果黑种草子颗粒能改善氢化可的松所致肾阳虚小鼠的自发活动减少、提高游泳存活时间。结论：瘤果黑种草子颗粒具有温补肾阳作用：能促进生长、增强体质、提高对环境的适应能力。     

维药瘤果黑种草子挥发油、脂肪油含量及相对密度测定

目的：了解瘤果黑种草子（Nigella Glandulifera Freyn,NG）挥发油、脂肪油含量,与国外果黑种草子（Nigella Saffva,NS）、黑种草子（Nigella Damascena,ND）比较。测定NG挥发油、脂肪油相对密度。方法：用水蒸气蒸（hydrodistillation。HD）提取挥发油,索式提取脂肪油,测定含量,与果黑种草子、黑种草子比较,用比重瓶法测定相对密度。结果：NG、NS、ND挥发油含量分别为0．33％、0．39％、0．39％,脂肪油含量分别为：32．24％、18．33％、32．90％,NG挥发油相对密度为0．873,NG脂肪油相对密度为0．917。结论：三个种属挥发油含量相似,NG与NS脂肪油含量高。     

瘤果黑种草子脂肪油成分分析及其亚油酸定量

目的：分析瘤果黑种草子（Nigella Glandulifera Freyn,NG）脂肪油化学成分，与国外黑种草子（Nigella Damascena，ND）比较，对NG脂肪油中的亚油酸定量。方法：采用SFE—CO2萃取（SFE—CO2）与石油醚冷浸从NG中提取脂肪油，与ND脂肪油化学成分比较；用气相色谱标准曲线法对NG脂肪油中的亚油酸定量。结果：两个种属脂肪油化学成分比较，NG、ND主要成分为亚油酸，分别是61．65％（SFE—CO2）、64．76％（石油醚冷浸）、39．72％，油酸分别是21．56％（SFE—CO2）、18．85％（石油醚冷浸）、20．26％；NG脂肪油亚油酸定量分别为39．75％、39．98％。结论：NG脂肪油成分与ND有较大差异。     

瘤果黑种草子中磷脂类成分的研究

目的研究维药瘤果黑种草子中磷脂类化学成分。方法榨过油的瘤果黑种草子饼经95%乙醇提取,去脂溶性成分后,经MPLC硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从瘤果黑种草子中分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别为异株五加甲苷(1)、甘油(2)、1-油酰-甘油-3-磷酰胆碱(3)、甘油磷酰胆碱(4)、O-(1-丙三醇基)-O-(2-胆碱基)二硫代磷酸酯(5)。结论化合物3~5首次从黑种草属植物分离得到,其中化合物5为新化合物。     

维吾尔药黑种草子中总黄酮含量的测定

目的 采用比色法测定维吾尔药黑种草子中总黄酮的含量.方法 以芦丁作对照品,以亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠体系为显色剂,检测波长为500 nm.结果 线性范围为0.008～0.040 mg·ml-1,平均回收率为98.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.55%.结论 该法为控制维吾尔药黑种草子的内在质量提供了依据.     

新疆黑种草子的显微鉴定

目的对新疆黑种草子Nigella glandulifera Preyn et Sint的显微构造进行鉴定,为寻找和开发新疆的中药资源提供可靠的鉴别依据。方法新疆黑种草子分别制粉末装片,解离片,横切片。按生药学鉴定的常规方法进行观察、描述、照相、冲印。结果对新疆黑种草子药材性状,种子横切面,粉末,理化鉴别进行了详细的研究。结论该方法简便,快速,为寻找和开发新疆的中药资源提供可靠的鉴别依据。     

RP-RPLC法测定维吾尔药材黑种草子中常春藤皂苷元的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定维吾尔药材黑种草子中常春藤皂苷元的含量。方法:采用AileniZorbaxCl8柱（5μm,25mm×4.6mm）;以甲醇-水-冰乙酸-三乙胺（87:13:0.04:0.02）为流动相,流速:1.0mL·min^-1。检测波长210nm;柱温:30℃。结果:常春藤皂苷元的线性范围为2.00～10.00μg·mL^-1（r=0.9998）;平均回收率（n=6）为99.1%。结论:本法简便,灵敏,专属性强,重复性好,可用于黑种草子的药材的含量测定,控制内在质量。     

The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds

The effect of an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds was studied on candidiasis in mice. An intravenous inoculum of Candida albicans produced colonies of the organism in the liver, spleen and kidneys. Treatment of mice with the plant extract (6.6 mL/kg equivalent to 5 mg of estimated protein, once daily for 3 days) 24 h after the inoculation caused a considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of the organism in all organs studied. A 5-fold decrease in Candida in kidneys, 8-fold in liver and 11-fold in spleen was observed in the groups of animals post-treated with the plant extract. Histopathological examination of the respective organs confirmed these findings. These results indicate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds exhibits inhibitory effect against candidiasis and this study validates the traditional use of the plant in fungal infections.     

Nigellidine-4-O-sulfite, the first sulfated indazole-type alkaloid from the seeds of Nigella sativa

The rare indazole-type alkaloid nigellidine (2) is accompanied by its 4-O-sulfite (4) in the seeds of Nigella sativa. Compound 4 may represent the true natural product leading to nigellidine (2) via hydrolysis of the sulfate functionality during the isolation process. The structure of nigellidine-4-O-sulfite (4) is confirmed by NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallographic data. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of sulfated indazole-type alkaloids.     

Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage

It has been reported that Nigella sativa oil possesses hepatoprotective effects in some models of liver toxicity. However, it is N. sativa seeds that are used in the treatment of liver ailments in folk medicine rather than its oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous suspension of N. sativa on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage. Aqueous suspension of the seeds was given orally at two dose levels (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for five days. CCL4 (250 microl/kg intraperitoneally / day in olive oil) was given to the experimental group on days 4 and 5, while the control group was only treated with the vehicles. Animals treated with CCL4 showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes and moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the form of neutrophil and mononuclear cells when compared to the controls. This effect was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. Histopathological or biochemical changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa alone. Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST), and L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were slightly decreased while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in animals treated with CCL4 when compared to the control group. LDH was restored to normal but ALT and AST levels were increased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. In conclusion, N. sativa seeds appeared to be safe and possibly protective against CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies may still be needed prior to supporting its use in folk medicine for hepatic diseases.     

Possible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and Dregea volubilis leaves.

Aqueous extracts of the seeds of Nigella sativa and mature leaves of Dregea volubilis were administered orally under light ether anaesthesia to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 days. Key hepatic enzyme concentrations and histopathological changes in the liver in both treatment groups at the end of 14 days were compared with a control group which received distilled water under identical conditions for 30 days and with a group of normal animals. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations were significantly increased in both extract groups while serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were significantly increased following administration of only D. volubilis when compared with either the control or the normal group. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations were significantly increased in both extract groups when compared with the normal group but not with the control group. Degenerative changes in hepatocytes were seen following administration of D. volubilis while consistent significant histopathological changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa.