Intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular extension and no hydrocephalus may not increase mortality or severe disability

This paper aimed to test the hypothesis that intraventricular extension of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the absence of hydrocephalus is not associated with increased mortality or severe disability. We performed a retrospective consecutive cohort study of patients with primary spontaneous ICH who were admitted to a single institution. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of each variable with functional outcome as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A total of 164 patients met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Only hydrocephalus (p = 0.002) and hematoma volume (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with mortality or poor functional outcome (mRS of 3 to 6). In contrast, the presence of intraventricular hematoma was not independently associated with poor functional outcome. The presence of intraventricular extension of ICH in the absence of hydrocephalus may not increase mortality or disability.     

Predictors of tracheostomy in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Background

One third of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) require mechanical ventilation; in most, tracheostomy may be necessary. Limited data exist about predictors of tracheostomy in ICH. The aim of our study is to identify predictors of tracheostomy in ICH.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of patients seen in our institution between 2005 and 2009, using ICD-9 codes for ICH, for admission clinical and radiological parameters. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to identify tracheostomy predictors.

Results

Ninety patients with ICH were included in the analysis, eleven of which required tracheostomy. Patients requiring a tracheostomy were more likely to have a large hematoma volume (≥30 mL) (63.4% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.037), intraventricular hemorrhage (81.8% vs. 27.8%, p < 0.0001), hydrocephalus (81.8% vs. 8.8%, p < 0.0001), admission GCS < 8 (81.8% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.0001), intubation ≥ 14 days (54.5% vs. 1.27%, p < 0.0001) and pneumonia (63.6% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.003). Stepwise logistic regression yielded admission GCS (OR = 80.55, p = 0.0003) and intubation days (OR = 87.49, p < 0.006) as most important predictors.

Conclusion

We could potentially predict the need for tracheostomy early in the course of ICH based on the admission GCS score; duration of intubation is another predictor for tracheostomy. Early tracheostomy could decrease the time, and therefore risks of prolonged endotracheal intubation and length of hospital stay.     

Dynamic evolution of D-dimer level in cerebrospinal fluid predicts poor outcome in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage combined with intraventricular hemorrhage

The risk of mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly increases when complicated by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). We hypothesize that serial measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) D-dimer levels in patients with both ICH and IVH may serve as an early marker of IVH severity. We performed a prospective study of 43 consecutive ICH patients combined with IVH and external ventricular drainage placement admitted in our institution from 2005–2006. IVH severity (Graeb score) and fibrinolytic activity were evaluated continuously for 7 days using CT scans and CSF D-dimer levels. The primary outcome was 30 day mortality. Overall 30 day mortality was 26% (n = 11), with eight deaths (72.7%) after 3 days (D3). Graeb score and CSF D-dimer on admission (D0) were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. The temporal profiles of both parameters were distinctly different, with a downward trend in survivors and an upward trend in non-survivors. A mortality rate of 54% was observed between D0–D3 when both scores increased during this interval. In contrast, the mortality was only 4% when both measures decreased during this interval. Early phase (D0–D3) CSF D-dimer or Graeb score change demonstrated high sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 81% when predicting 30 day mortality. Early phase CSF D-dimer change in patients with both ICH and IVH is accurate in predicting mortality and may be utilized as a cost-effective surrogate indicator of IVH severity. Serial monitoring of CSF D-dimer dynamic changes is useful for early identification of patients with hematoma progression and poor outcome.     

Plasma brain natriuretic peptide is elevated in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage

Previous reports have shown that plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are increased in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. We examined BNP in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Between June 2006 and February 2010, we prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with acute ICH within 24 hours of onset. The plasma BNP level was measured twice, on admission and 4 weeks after onset or at discharge. We investigated whether plasma BNP was elevated in the acute phase of ICH and associated factors. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) plasma BNP level of all patients was 71.1 ± 104.1 pg/mL. The log BNP level positively correlated with the cardio–thoracic ratio (r = 0.240, p = 0.0001). Moreover, BNP was significantly associated with intraventricular extension (p = 0.0039) and hydrocephalus (p = 0.0046). The mean ± SD BNP level of patients with cerebellar hemorrhage was the highest (130.2 ± 152.0 pg/mL), followed by brainstem (84.5 ± 170.6 pg/mL), lobar (72.4 ± 148.1 pg/mL), thalamus (64.8 ± 72.1 pg/mL), and putamen (59.9 ± 62.6 pg/mL) hemorrhages. In 185 patients, BNP was measured in the subacute phase of ICH. The BNP level in the acute phase of ICH was significantly higher than that in the subacute phase of ICH (69.3 ± 108.1 versus 21.7 ± 23.5 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, plasma BNP appears to be elevated in the acute phase of ICH, particularly in those with cerebellar lesions.     

Treatment and outcome of severe intraventricular extension in patients with subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review of the literature

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage caused by extension from subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage leads to hydrocephalus and often to poor outcome. We conducted a systematic review to compare conservative treatment, extraventricular drainage, and extraventricular drainage combined with fibrinolysis. We carried out a search in Medline of the literature between January 1966 and December 1998 and an additional hand-search from January 1990 to December 1998. Pharmaceutical companies were contacted to gather unpublished data. We reviewed the reference lists of all relevant articles. Two authors independently assessed eligibility of the studies and extracted data on characteristics of study design, patients, and treatment. Patients with primary intraventricular hemorrhage were excluded. Main outcome measures were death and poor outcome (defined as death or dependency) at the end of follow-up. No randomized clinical trial has yet been conducted so far, and we therefore reviewed only observational studies. The case fatality rate for conservative treatment (ten studies) was 78%. For extraventricular drainage (seven studies) it was 58% [relative risk versus conservative treatment (RR) 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.99]. For extraventricular drainage with fibrinolytic agents (five studies) the case fatality rate was 6% (RR 0.08; 95% CI 0.02-0.24). The poor outcome rate for conservative treatment was 90%, that for extraventricular drainage 89% (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.75-1.30) and that for extraventricular drainage with fibrinolytic agents 34% (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.21-0.68). All RR values remained essentially the same after adjusting for age, sex, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale, study design, and year of publication for the studies that provided these data. Outcome is thus poor in patients with intraventricular extension of subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage. This meta-analysis suggests that treatment with ventricular drainage combined with fibrinolytics may improve outcome for such patients, although this impression is derived only from an indirect comparison between observational studies. A randomized clinical trial is warranted.     

脑室出血量对幕上自发性脑出血患者预后的影响

目的研究脑室出血（IVH）对幕上自发性脑出血（ICH）患者预后的影响。方法前瞻性收集幕上自发性ICH合并IVH患者105例,运用IVH评分系统量化IVH体积,采用多因素Logistic回归分析消除混杂因素的影响。结果发病后30 d,根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评估患者预后,本组预后较好45例（42.9%;mRS 0-2分）,预后较差60例（57.1%;mRS 3-6分）。预后较差患者IVH体积[（26.5±14.1）ml]明显大于预后较好的患者[（5.1±5.3）ml;P〈0.01]。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,IVH体积是ICH患者预后不良的独立危险因素（OR=2.17;95%置信区间为1.39-3.92;P〈0.05）。结论IVH体积是幕上自发性ICH患者预后不良的独立危险因素;合并IVH体积越大,患者预后越差。     

Acetazolamide treatment of progressive hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in a preterm infant

Progressive hydrocephalus in the preterm infant requires judicious management. Fortunately, in some infants, short-term treatment may obviate the need for shunting procedures. This case illustrates the successful control of progressive hydrocephalus in a preterm infant managed by acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The drug was discontinued transiently early in the course of treatment. This patient's clinical course, change in head circumference, and cerebral utrasound provide evidence of the benefit of this drug regimen in treating hydrocephalus.     

自发性脑出血的再出血随访分析

对首次脑出血存活者出院后进行２８－８８个月的随访，结果显示，在随访期２７．７％的存活者，经历了一次或次再出血。在正常血压病人出血部位被认为是血管淀粉样变的好部位。     

国内脑出血颅内压监测值参考标准的初步探索

目的由于脑出血患者较缺乏颅内压(ICP)系统的研究,目前推荐的脑出血ICP管理主要来自于TBI治疗的经验,尚缺乏直接证据。本研究旨在探讨ICP与脑出血结果的相关性,并分析临界值ICP20mmHg(依据TBI资料)是否适用于脑出血。方法前瞻性持续纳入在2010-01-01-2015-06-31入住神经科的昏迷脑出血且均进行了ICP监控的患者。发病3个月转归采用mRS评分。多变量逻辑回归分析探讨ICP与预后相关的危险因素。结果最后纳入98例患者分析。ICP均值(OR1.2,CI 1.08~1.45,P=0.003),ICP最大值(OR1.06,1.01~1.1,P=0.015),ICP方差(OR 1.3,1.03~1.73,P=0.03),以及ICP值20mmHg的相对频率(OR1.1,1.02~1.15,P=0.008)都与随访3个月时病死率显著相关。ICP值20mmHg的相对频率(OR1.1,1.02~1.15,P=0.008)也与随访3个月时病死率显著相关。结论 ICP可变性及ICP值20 mmHg的频率与脑出血后病死率和不良结局呈独立相关。将来应开展前瞻性研究进一步确定我们的结论,同时验证ICP的参考阈值。     

The incidence, timing, and predisposing factors of germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) in preterm neonates

Background Germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) is a known complication occurring in the first week of life in preterm neonates. However, the precise time of its occurrence and the ideal time to perform diagnostic imaging studies remain controversial. The purpose of this paper is to address these two issues in our patient population to allocate our resources to those at highest risk.Materials and methods This study included 282 premature newborns (under 37 weeks of gestation) that were admitted to our neonate ICU in a year’s time and screened for GMH/IVH. They were grouped in four categories according to their weight at birth, and according to their gestational age. All patients had a daily cranial ultrasound during the first week. It was then repeated once in the second week and once in the third.Results We found that the incidence of GMH/IVH among preterm neonates was 44.68%. It was inversely related to the weight and the age of the newborn. The onset of bleeding coordinated with the occurrence of hypoxia and respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation. The majorities occurred in the first 7 days of life; they were mostly grade I and II according to the Papule classification and silent for the most part. Complications were present in 41% of the survivors.     

Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage: clinical and CT findings in 326 patients

Clinical symptoms and findings in cranial computed tomography (CT) were evaluated in 326 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Localizations of ICH were the lobes (n = 254), the basal ganglia (n = 46), the pons and brain stem (n = 13) and the cerebellum (n = 8). Multiple hematomas were present in nine patients. An initial coma (n = 225) was most frequent in ICH of the pons (n = 7), cerebellum (n = 6), and the frontal (n = 71) and temporal (n = 66) lobes. Epileptic seizures (n = 70) were most common in hematomas of the frontal (n = 24), temporal (n = 19) and parietal (n = 12) lobes and the basal ganglia (n = 6). A history of hypertension was given in 140 patients; 119 of these had an ICH with a size of ≥3 cm. Mortality (n = 162) was high with ICH in the pons and brain stem (10 out of 13), in the frontal (54 out of 98) and parietal (32 out of 58) lobes and the basal ganglia (n = 23). A size of the ICH of 3 cm or more in cranial CT and an associated ventricular hemorrhage were associated with a bad outcome. An initial disturbance of consciousness was the only reliable clinical predictor of outcome (chi-square, p < 0.001). Katamnestic evaluation of 66 of the 164 survivors after 5.2 years revealed seizures in 20 patients and mild neurological deficits in 41. Another 14 patients were partially, and nine totally dependent Nineteen patients had died in between; there was only one death attributable to another ICH.     

急性脑出血治疗中尼膜同的应用研究

目的 观察尼膜同治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法 应用前瞻性随机单盲方法,对１８２例经ＣＴ证实的急性脑出血病人,在起病７２小时内随机分为尼膜同和甘露醇组（尼膜同组）及单纯甘露醇组（对照组）,采用神经功能缺损程度积分差及ＣＴ上血肿吸收率为指标,比较两组疗效。结果 尼膜同组在各个时点上神经功能缺损的平均减少分数以及ＣＴ上血肿吸收率均优于对照组。结论 尼膜同是治疗急性脑出血的一种安全、有效的药物。     

高血压性脑出血破入脑室患者血中超敏C-反应蛋白水平与病情和早期转归的关系

目的探讨高血压性脑出血破入脑室患者血中超敏C-反应蛋白水平及其与病情和早期转归的关系。方法设健康体检者为对照,检测同期入院的高血压性脑出血破入脑室系统患者及高血压性脑出血病人入院和第4周血中的超敏C-反应蛋白水平,评定高血压性脑出血破入脑室患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分及疗效。结果与对照组相比,2组患者hs-CRP均增高(P<0.01),脑出血破入脑室患者与未破入脑室患者有显著差异(P<0.05),破入脑室患者未好转组与好转组间hs-CRP差异显著。结论高血压性脑出血破入脑室患者血中超敏C-反应蛋白水平与病情相关,对其早期转归有一定的提示作用。     

Decompressive craniectomy with clot evacuation in large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Introduction: Decompressive hemicraniectomy in large hemispheric infarctions has been reported to lower mortality and improve the unfavorable outcomes. Hematoma volume is a powerful predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Hematoma volume adds to intracranial volume and may lead to life-threatening elevation of intracranial pressure. Methods: Records of 12 consecutive patients with hypertensive ICH treated with decompressive hemicraniectomy were reviewed. The data collected included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission and before surgery, ICH volume, ICH score, and a clinical grading scale for ICH that accurately risk-stratifies patients regarding 30-day mortality. Outcome was assessed as immediate mortality and modified Rankin Score (mRS) at the last follow-up. Results: Of the 12 patients with decompressive hemicraniectomy, 11 (92%) survived to discharge; of those 11, 6 (54.5%) had good functional outcome, defined as a mRS of 0 to 3 (mean follow-up: 17.13 months; range: 2–39 months). The mean age was 49.8 years (range: 19–76 years). Three of the 7 patients with pupillary abnormalities made a good recovery; of the 11 patients with intraventricular extensions (IVEs), 7 made a good recovery. The clinical finding (which was present in all 3 patients with mRS equal to 5 and which was not present in patients with mRS less than 5) was abnormal occulocephalic reflex. Of the 10 patients with an ICH score of 3,9 (90%) survived to discharge, 4 (44%) had good functional outcome (mRS: 1–3). Hematoma volume was 60 cm³ or greater in eight patients, four (50%) of whom had good functional outcome (mRS: 0–3). Conclusion: Decompressive hemicraniectomy with hematoma evacuation is life-saving and improves unfavorable outcomes in a select group of young patients with large right hemispherical ICH.     

Ommaya管植入并持续腰大池引流治疗重症脑室出血

脑室出血临床较为常见.出血后脑脊液循环通路被堵塞,导致出血后急性脑积水发生,此为脑室出血最常见的并发症,并认为是导致脑室出血预后不良的主要原因Ⅲ.脑室外引流、反复腰大池穿刺或持续腰大池引流行脑脊液置换是治疗脑室出血的有效措施,目前在临床已得到普遍应用,但却有引流时间短、易感染、患者痛苦、引流管易堵塞等缺点.常熟市第二人民医院神经外科自2007年1月至2010年3月共收治27例重症脑室出血患者,对其应用Ommaya管进行侧脑室前角穿刺外引流加尿激酶冲洗,必要时清除脑室外血肿,同时采用美敦力体外引流及监测系统进行持续腰大池引流,取得了较为满意的疗效,现报道如下.     

A population based study of outcomes after evacuation of primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage

Background and Purpose

The role of surgery after primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. To explore whether hematoma evacuation after ICH had improved short-term survival or functional outcome we conducted a retrospective observational population-based study.

Methods

We identified all subjects with primary ICH between 1993 and 2008 among the population of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. Hematoma evacuation was carried out by using standard craniotomy or through a burr hole. We compared mortality rates and functional outcomes of patients with hematoma evacuation with those treated conservatively.

Results

Of 982 patients with verified ICH during the study period, 127 (13%) underwent hematoma evacuation. Surgically treated patients were significantly younger (mean ± SD, 63 ± 11 vs. 70 ± 12 years; p < 0.001), had larger hematomas (66 ± 36 vs. 28 ± 40 ml; p < 0.001), lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (median, 11 vs. 14; p < 0.001) and more frequently subcortical hematomas (68% vs. 24%; p < 0.001) than those treated conservatively. In multivariable analysis, hematoma evacuation independently lowered 3-month mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.88; p < 0.03), particularly among patients aged ≤70 years with ≥30 ml supratentorial hematomas (adjusted HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14–0.49; p < 0.001). However, poor outcome was not improved by surgery (adjusted odds ratio 0.71; 95% CI 0.29–1.70).

Conclusions

Improved 3-month survival was observed in patients who had undergone hematoma evacuation relative to patients not undergoing evacuation particularly in the subgroup of patients aged ≤70 years with ≥30 ml supratentorial hematomas. Surgery might improve outcome if cases could be selected more precisely and if performed before deterioration.     

去铁敏对大鼠脑室出血后慢性脑积水与脑组织Wnt1、Wnt3a表达的影响

目的 观察去铁敏对大鼠脑室出血(IVH)后脑积水的干预效果及脑组织Wnt1、Wnt3a的表达影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠130只随机分为正常组、假性IVH组、IVH组及IVH加去铁敏组.采用脑室出血后慢性脑积水大鼠模型,于术后1 d、7 d及28 d处死大鼠,观察脑积水的发生率和脑组织中Wnt基因及蛋白表达情况.结果 正常组、假性IVH组未见脑积水发生,IVH组28 d脑积水发生率80%(12/15),显著高于IVH加去铁敏组28 d脑积水发生率20%(3/15).IVH后Wnt1、Wnt3amRNA及蛋白表达在7 d及28 d均显著高于假性IVH组,而去铁敏治疗组Wnt1、Wnt3a mRNA及蛋白表达在28 d较IVH组均显著降低.结论 去铁敏治疗可降低大鼠IVH后慢性脑积水发生率,Wnt信号通路参与了IVH后脑积水发生及去铁敏干预机制.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of deferoxamine on chronic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the role of Wnt (Wnt1 and Wnt3a). Methods A total of 130Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: normal control group, sham - IVH group,IVH group and deferoxamine - treated group. The rats of subgroups except normal control group received an injection of autologous blood or saline into right lateral cerebral ventricles. Deferoxamine or vehicle was administered 3 hours after IVH and then every 12 hours up to 7 days in IVH group and deferoxaminetreated group. Rats were euthanized at 1, 7, 28 days for measurement, and the transverse diameter of the lateral ventricles were observed for evaluation of hydrocephalus. The expression of Wnt1 and Wnt3a were measured by RT -PCR and Western Blot. Results At 28 days, there was no hydrocephalus in the normal control group and sham - IVH group. 80 %(12/15) of the rats in IVH group developed hydrocephalus. The rate was only 20 % ( 3/15 ) in deferoxamine - treated group, which was much lower than that in IVH group. The expression of Wnt1 mRNA was normal in normal control group and shame - IVH group, and upregulated in IVH group. The peak expression was detected at 28 days. The expression was significantly higher than that in shame - IVH group at 7 days and 28 days, after deferoxamine treatment, downregulation of Wnt1 mRNA were observed and were significantly lower than that in IVH group. The Wnt3a mRNA had similar trends, while the expressed level was normal in normal control group and shame - IVH group, and upregulated following IVH. The peak expression was detected at 28 days, and was significantly higher than that in shame - IVH group at 7 days and 28 days. After deferoxamine treatment, the downregulation of Wnt3a mRNA was observed and was significantly lower than that in IVH group. Accordingly, Wnt1 protein expression was normal in normal control group and shame - IVH group, and increased after IVH. At 7 days and 28 days, the Wnt1 protein expression of IVH group was markedly higher than shame - IVH group. After deferoxamine treatment, the expression of Wnt1 protein was reduced and significantly lower than that of IVH group. The expression of Wnt3a protein was also normal in normal control group and shame - IVH group. The up-regulation of the protein expression was observed following IVH at 28 days, while down - regulation was observed after deferoxamine treatment at 28 days. Conclusions Deferoxamine could reduce hydrocephalus after IVH, and Wnt pathway may play an important role in the development of IVH and therapeutic effect of deferoxamine.     

脑神经生长素治疗老年急性脑出血的疗程与疗效的关系

目的 :探讨脑神经生长素治疗老年急性脑出血疗程与疗效的关系。方法 :将 160例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组行脑神经生长素等剂量治疗 ,治疗组 3疗程 (15d/疗程 ) ,对照组 1疗程后改用胞二磷胆碱 2个疗程 ,统计学比较疗效。结果 :治疗组有效率明显高于对照组 ,统计学处理有显著差异 (P <0 0 2 5 )。结论 :脑神经生长素的疗效随疗程的延长而明显提高     

Clinical analysis of factors predisposing the recurrence of primary intracerebral hemorrhage in patients taking anti-hypertensive drugs: A prospective cohort study

Objective

The study examined differences in the recurrence rate of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (P-ICH) according to anti-hypertensive drug (AHD) use by patients with hypertension.

Methods

This prospective, longitudinal cohort study was performed on 2384 patients diagnosed with supratentorial P-ICH and hypertension in the stroke unit of a single-center. During follow-up (mean, 44.9 ± 31.5 months), investigators interviewed subjects or caregivers by telephone or examined patients every 3–6 months. Target blood pressure was <140/90 mmHg in the P-ICH cohort with hypertension.

Results

Of 1317 P-ICH patients defined to be taking AHDs, P-ICH recurrence occurred in 129 (9.8%). 1211 patients (92.0%) reached target blood pressure. In multivariate regression analysis, advanced age (≥70 years), poor functional outcome after first P-ICH, lobar location of P-ICH, previous history of cerebral ischemia, diuretic monotherapy and α- or β-blocker monotherapy were associated with risk of recurrence.

Conclusions

Although hypertension is the most important factor for preventing P-ICH recurrence, we found that, even in the presence of optimal anti-hypertensive medication, recurrent P-ICH attack can occur. Therefore, management of other risk factors of recurrent P-ICH, such as modification of lifestyle, must be considered in treating the P-ICH patients.     

神经内镜联合Viewsite脑牵开器手术治疗重度脑室出血铸型的疗效分析

目的探讨神经内镜联合Viewsite脑牵开器手术治疗重度脑室出血（IVH）铸型的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析解放军联勤保障部队第九〇一医院神经外科自2018年1月至2021年1月收治的26例重度IVH铸型患者的临床资料,其中12例患者行神经内镜联合Viewsite脑牵开器经侧脑室额角入路手术清除脑室内血肿,为手术组;14例患者采用侧脑室额角钻孔置管外引流,为对照组。对比2组患者术后6 h、3 d的血肿清除率、术后6 h Graeb评分和脑室颅腔比（VCR）值的变化、引流管留置时间、甘露醇使用量及使用时间、神经重症监护单元（NICU）住院时间、术后14 d GCS评分的变化、术后并发症（再出血、肺部感染、颅内感染及迟发性脑积水）的发生率。术后随访6个月,采用改良的Rankin量表（mRs）及额叶功能评定量表（FAB）评估2组患者的额叶功能损害程度。 结果相较于对照组,手术组患者术后血肿残余量减少,术后6 h Graeb评分及VCR值降低,引流管留置时间缩短,甘露醇使用减少,NICU住院时间缩短及术后2周GCS评分提高,术后颅内感染和迟发性脑积水的发生率降低,术后6个月mRs神经功能评分提高,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而2组患者术后再出血和肺部感染的发生率以及FAB评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论神经内镜联合Viewsite脑牵开器手术治疗重度IVH铸型能够快速清除脑室内血肿,尽早恢复脑室再通,降低脑室系统的被动扩张,改善患者的生存质量。