75例开放式鼓室成形术治疗体会

目的　探讨开放式鼓室成形术对中耳手术的疗效。方法　采用乳突轮角化清除鼓窦、乳突病变后 ,开放鼓室 ,清除鼓室病变 ,并进行听力重建 75例分析。结果　 75例术后均获得干耳。结论　开放式鼓室成形术能较好、较彻底地清除鼓室各部病变 ,术后效果优于传统手术方法。     

鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效。方法：43例耳慢性化脓性中耳炎行鼓室成形术，其中鼓室成形术Ⅰ型26例，开放式乳突根治加鼓室成形术Ⅱ型3例，开放式乳突根治加鼓室成形术Ⅲ型14例。结果：手术后听力提高明显(P＜0．001)，手术成功率为88．4％，干耳率93．0％。结论：鼓室成形术Ⅰ型和鼓室成形术Ⅲ型能有效提高听力。耳甲腔成形和乳突腔骨膜瓣填充可增加干耳率。手术成功的关键在于病变的清理和重建中耳含气腔。     

慢性分泌性中耳炎中耳乳突手术治疗的探讨

目的：探讨中耳乳突手术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的适应证及治疗效果。方法：回顾分析接受中耳乳突手术治疗30例36耳慢性分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料。36耳均接受了完壁式（闭合式）乳突-上鼓室切除、鼓室探查术,其中28耳同时行中耳置管术．5耳同时行听骨链成形术。所有病例术中清除的肉芽术后均作病理检验,其中炎性肉芽28耳,胆固醇肉芽肿8耳。结果：中耳置管者于术后1～3月拔除中耳通气管,鼓膜愈合良好。术后所有患耳均有不同程度的听力改善,以语频气导听阈的平均值为标准,听力达到应用水平（语频气导平均听阈30dB以内）的31耳（31／36,86．11％）。鼓室功能曲线检查结果显示,A型27耳（75％）,C型8耳（22．22％）,B型1耳（2．78％）。术后随访0．5～3年,除l耳因鼓室积液复发,再次中耳置管外,其余患者症状无复发,主观听力无下降．鼓室功能曲线C型8耳有2耳转为A型。结论：经过各种治疗无效的慢性分泌性中耳炎．应积极采取中耳乳突手术治疗。中耳乳突手术可彻底清除病变,建立鼓室、鼓窦及乳突的通气引流,以防复发。     

鼓室成形术的现状及展望

重建听骨链以达到传递声波并同时封闭圆窗的Wullstein鼓室成形术Ⅰ -Ⅴ型的理论极具有实用价值 ,该方法被视为鼓室成形术的分类规范。随着时间的推移 ,有关手术的技巧已由众多耳科学家作了有益的改进和完善[1] ,将鼓室成形术分为 3型。Ⅰ型 :鼓膜成形术 ,重建传导装置的手术仅限于修补鼓膜穿孔 ;Ⅱ型 :鼓室成形术不伴乳突成形术 ,手术中仅限于清除中耳病灶及修复听力装置 ;Ⅲ型 :鼓室成形术伴乳突根治术术中同时清除中耳病变 ,施行乳突根治术 ,并重建中耳传导装置。乳突、中耳的鼓室成形术在慢性中耳炎的治疗上占主导地位 ,疗效确切。 90 %…     

改良完壁式乳突切除术及鼓室成形术治疗慢性中耳乳突炎89例

目的:探讨改良完壁式乳突切除术及鼓室成形术在慢性中耳乳突炎治疗的效果.方法:回顾性分析采用一期改良完壁式乳突切除术及鼓室成形术治疗89例(92耳)慢性中耳乳突炎的临床资料. 结果:术后复发率为7.6%,其中再手术率为1.08%;术后听力改善率为92.4%.结论:改良完壁式乳突切除术及鼓室成形术式兼顾开放式及闭合式术式的优点,符合清除病灶并保存听力的耳外科原则,对于慢性中耳乳突炎具有良好的治疗效果.     

乳突再根治一期鼓室成形术37例疗效观察

目的观察乳突再根治一期鼓室成形术对中耳乳突根治术后继续流脓、听力损失明显患者的治疗效果。方法对2004年1～7月37例乳突根治术后42耳行乳突再根治一期鼓室成形术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 37例乳突再根治一期鼓室成形术患者临床观察3个月至5年无再流脓发生;42耳中,听力较前提高10～20dB者33耳(占78.6%);术后短期一过性眩晕、面瘫4例,3个月后完全恢复。结论对中耳乳突根治术后继续流脓、听力损失明显的患者行乳突再根治一期鼓室成形术疗效满意,值得临床推广。     

半完壁式乳突病变切除鼓室成形术在中耳后天原发性胆脂瘤治疗中的应用

目的:研究半完壁式乳突病变切除鼓室成形术治疗中耳后天原发性胆脂瘤的疗效。方法:行半完壁式乳突病变切除鼓室成形术治疗中耳后天原发性胆脂瘤21例,同期行开放式乳突切开鼓室成形术治疗中耳后天原发性胆脂瘤28例,两组进行对照研究。结果:平均干耳时间:半完壁式(18.0±1.7)d,开放式为(21.0±3.0)d,差异有统计学意义。随访6～18个月,半完壁式术后外耳道形态和功能正常,外耳道无结痂及分泌物,无胆脂瘤复发。半完壁式和开放式术后气骨导差分别为(21.7±5.6)dBHL和(27.0±7.0)dBHL,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:半完壁式乳突病变切除鼓室成形术治疗中耳后天原发性胆脂瘤,术后干耳快,有利于去除病灶,听力改善满意,值得推广。     

中耳乳突手术自体骨粉重建外耳道的观察

目的观察中耳乳突手术中应用自体乳突皮质骨粉重建外耳道的疗效。方法 13例（13耳）中耳炎患者,其中胆脂瘤中耳炎8例,慢性化脓性中耳炎5例,行开放式乳突病变切除＋鼓室成形术9例,行改良乳突根治术4例,均应用自体乳突皮质骨粉重建外耳道。观察术后外耳道的形态和功能及听力变化。结果本组平均干耳时间为术后（32.0±6.5）d。随访4～16个月,术后外耳道形态基本正常,无须经常清理结痂。4例改良乳突根治术后听力无变化。9例鼓室成形术后平均气骨导差为（21.3±14.7）dB听力级（HL）,术前平均气骨导差（36.3±11.9）dBHL,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在中耳乳突手术中应用自体乳突皮质骨粉重建外耳道,取材方便,效果满意。     

改良完壁式乳突切开术联合鼓室成形术治疗老年中耳胆脂瘤疗效及对听力恢复的影响

探究改良完壁式乳突切开术联合鼓室成形术治疗老年中耳胆脂瘤疗效及对听力恢复的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月—2021年3月我院收治的118例老年中耳胆脂瘤患者临床资料,根据患者手术方式的差异分为完壁式组58例和改良组60例,完壁式组患者行完壁式乳突切开术联合鼓室成形术,改良组患者行改良完壁式乳突切开术联合鼓室成形术。患者术后均至少随访12个月,分析两组患者手术情况、临床疗效、听力恢复情况及术后并发症差异。结果 改良组患者手术时间长于完壁式组,干耳时间短于完壁式组,二次手术率、术后复发率低于完壁式组,治疗总有效率高于完壁式组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后12个月,两组患者气导水平、骨导水平及气骨导差较术前均降低（P＜0.05）,但同一时间点组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后12个月内,改良组患者术后并发症发生率低于完壁式组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 改良完壁式乳突切开术联合鼓室成形术治疗老年中耳胆脂瘤疗效确切,有助于患者听力恢复,且干耳快、复发率低、术后并发症少,可在临床推广应用     

保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁的乳突根治鼓室成形术

目的 :探讨乳突根治鼓室成形术中保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁对提高胆脂瘤型中耳炎术后患者的干耳率及听力水平的意义。方法 :保留部分外耳道后壁 2 4例、2 5耳 ,重建外耳道部分后壁 6例、6耳 ,均行I期鼓室成形术。结果 :术后随访 11个月～ 4年 ,术后干耳并提高听力达实用听力 (2 5dB以上 ) 2 3耳 ,治愈率82 .1%;复发 4耳 ,复发率 12 .9%。结论 :在乳突根治鼓室成形术中保留或重建部分外耳道后骨壁有利于增加中耳含气腔 ,提高听力 ;且有利于术后观察乳突腔病变 ,避免胆脂瘤复发 ,提高干耳率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.