放、化疗同步治疗高级别胶质瘤

目的比较单纯放疗与放疗加替莫唑胺（放疗同时和放疗后给药）治疗高级别胶质瘤的局控率、生存率及不良反应。方法对52例首次术后的问变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤随机分为接受单纯放疗（分次照射局部放疗，2Gy／d，5d／w，共持续6W，总剂量60Gy）、放疗加每天持续的替莫唑胺治疗（75mg／m^2／d），7d／w，从放疗开始到放疗结束）以及6个周期的替莫唑胺辅助治疗（150～200mg／m^2，治疗5d，每28d为一个疗程）。每组26例。主要研究目标为整体生存率。结果放疗加替莫唑胺（RT—TMZ）组与单纯放疗（RT）组总有效率（CR＋PR）分别为76．9％和50．0％；6个月无进展生存率分别为73．1％和46．2％；中位无进展生存期分别为8．8个月和6．2个月（P〈0．05）。1年累积局部复发率分别为42．3％和76．9％；1年无复发生存率分别为57．7％和23．1％，1年生存率分别为65．4％和30．8％（P〈0．05）。RT—TMZ组常见不良反应是恶心，呕吐，白细胞和血小板下降，但仅限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度。结论两组相比在提高局控率、延缓肿瘤复发与提高患者无瘤生存期方面RT—TMZ组要优于RT组，而不良反应方面两组反应均较轻微，所以放疗加替莫唑胺治疗新确诊的间变性星形及胶质母细胞瘤有效并能够明显提高生存率而毒副作用小。     

精确放疗同步替莫唑胺治疗胶质母细胞瘤疗效初探

目的 探讨精确放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗对多形性胶质母细胞瘤的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2010年12月北京世纪坛医院收治的54例多形性胶质母细胞瘤,术后接受精确放疗(三维适形或调强放疗)同步替莫唑胺化疗,随后接受替莫唑胺辅助化疗.结果 全组共21例死亡,均死于肿瘤复发.全组1年总生存率为79.6％,1年无进展生存率为48.7％.32例出现复发,其中原位复发为16例.卡氏评分(KPS≥70分)组1年总生存率显著高于卡氏评分(KPS＜ 70分)组(86.8％与50.8％,P=0.005).全切或近全切除组1年总生存率高于部分切除组(84.4％与70.5％,P=0.067).仅2例出现3度以上不良反应(骨髓抑制).结论 精确放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗是多形性胶质母细胞瘤安全有效的治疗模式,卡氏评分和手术切除肿瘤的程度是影响生存的重要因素.     

替莫唑胺联合调强放疗治疗胶质母细胞瘤术后残留临床研究

目的分析比较替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗和单纯调强放疗治疗脑胶质母细胞瘤术后残留患者的疗效和安全性。方法胶质母细胞瘤术后局部有残留患者共36例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各18例。观察组在调强放疗时同步口服替莫唑胺化疗,对照组行单纯调强放疗,两组放疗方法相同。治疗期间观察治疗副作用,在所有患者治疗结束后定期随访,影像学动态观察患者肿瘤体积的变化及Karnofsky评分评价神经功能状态。结果观察组肿瘤体积的缩小和神经功能评分的改善均优于对照组(P0.05)。两组生存率比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应有恶心、呕吐、头痛及骨髓抑制等,程度均较轻,无重要脏器损害,未影响治疗。结论替莫唑胺化疗联合调强放疗疗效优于单纯调强放疗,且不良反应可耐受。     

以神经系统症状为首发的肺癌脑转移42例临床治疗体会

目的探讨以神经系统症状为首发的肺癌的特点及疗效。方法将2007-06—2013-05开封市第二人民医院收治42例以神经系统症状为首发的肺癌脑转移性患者随机分为观察组(n=22)和对照组(n=20),对照组单纯放疗,观察组在放疗治疗前提下加用替莫唑胺;对比2组疗效、不良反应、生存情况。结果观察组总有效率86.36%,完全缓解率40.91%,对照组总有效率65.00%,完全缓解率20.00%;2组患者不良反应及并发症总发生率、0.5a生存率均无明显变化。观察组治疗效果1a、2a生存率(77.27%、59.09%)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论替莫唑胺联合放疗对首发神经系统症状的肺癌脑转移患者优于单纯放疗,不良反应及并发症未增多,可显著提高1a及2a的生存率,值得临床推广。     

48例原发性胶质母细胞瘤的治疗经验

目的探讨胶质母细胞瘤手术加放疗、化疗综合治疗的疗效。方法 2007～2009年收治胶质母细胞瘤患者48例,均采用显微手术切除肿瘤;术后行全脑分割剂量放疗,部分患者采用立体定向放疗;同时联合化疗,方案是静脉滴注替尼泊甙60mg/(m2·d)+司莫司汀100mg/d,或口服替莫唑胺75mg(/m2·d)。结果肿瘤全切除43例,次全切除5例;术后无新增神经功能损伤33例,出现新的失语症状11例,新的肢体偏瘫症状10例。患者1年生存率为56.25%,肿瘤复发时间平均6.8个月。结论全切除肿瘤+术后早期行放疗+个性化化疗可延长胶质母细胞瘤患者生存期。     

恶性脑胶质瘤术后替莫唑胺同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨恶性脑胶质瘤术后替莫唑胺同步放化疗的疗效。方法选取2009-02—2010-08于我院就诊并住院的脑胶质瘤术后患者98例,分为单纯放疗组和同步放化疗组各49例,单纯放疗组接受单纯放疗(DT 60Gy),同步放化疗组在此基础上加服替莫唑胺75mg/(m2·d)同步化学治疗,放疗后口服替莫唑胺150~200mg/(m2·d),连续服用5d,每个疗程28d,服用6个疗程。2组治疗过程中均给予甘露醇和地塞米松等药物以降低颅内压。比较2组1、3、5a生存率。结果单纯放疗组1、3、5a生存率分别为61.22%、24.49%、14.29%,同步放化疗组分别为79.59%、51.02%、32.65%,同步放疗组疗效优于单纯放疗组(P0.05)。结论替莫唑胺同步放化疗在恶性脑胶质瘤术后的疗效优于术后单纯放疗。     

高级别脑胶质瘤术后低分割同期推量调强放疗的初步研究

目的探讨高级别脑胶质瘤术后采用低分割同期推量调强放疗的临床疗效、安全性及预后影响因素。方法 2013年8月至2016年3月期间我科共治疗术后病理证实为高级别脑胶质细胞瘤的患者37例,术后放疗统一采用低分割同期推量调强放疗方式,放疗期间同步口服替莫唑胺化疗,放疗后4 w开始行辅助替莫唑胺化疗共6个周期。结果 1年、2年、3年总生存率分别为81.1%、77.4%、62.1%,其中Ⅳ级分别为63.2%、56.1%、42.1%;1年、2年、3年无疾病进展生存率分别为71.0%、64.5%、38.7%,其中Ⅳ级分别为57.4%、50.2%、25.1%,Ⅲ级1年、2年无疾病进展生存率分别为83.3%、64.5%。单因素分析显示,年龄、病理分级、是否同步替莫唑胺与总生存率(overall survival,OS)相关。多因素分析提示,是否同步替莫唑胺、病理分级与OS相关。全组患者无4级以上急性不良反应,多为1~2级,经对症处理均可缓解。结论低分割同步推量调强放疗方式治疗高级别脑胶质瘤能够获得理想的近期临床疗效,且不良反应耐受度好,是一种有效的治疗方式。患者年龄、病理分级、是否同步替莫唑胺是重要的预后因素。     

顺铂联合替莫唑胺放化疗治疗MGMT启动子未甲基化胶质母细胞瘤的初步研究

目的研究顺铂联合替莫唑胺放化疗治疗MGMT启动子未甲基化胶质母细胞瘤临床随机对照试验的设计方案,及其治疗效果。方法对2016年6月—2017年8月新诊断的50例MGMT启动子未甲基化胶质母细胞瘤患者,进行临床随机对照试验。患者随机分为替莫唑胺标准放化疗组(对照组,24例)及顺铂联合替莫唑胺放化疗组(联合治疗组,26例)。观察并比较两组患者在同期放化疗和放疗后辅助化疗期间的不良反应;分析两组患者的生存情况。结果患者主要的不良反应为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、食欲减退、便秘和疲乏。对照组中2例患者发生骨髓抑制,联合治疗组中共有12例患者发生骨髓抑制;两组骨髓抑制发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0. 002)。经对症处理后,患者的骨髓抑制均得到改善。联合治疗组中有42%～50%的患者出现恶心呕吐、食欲减退、便秘,对照组中有25%～33%的患者出现以上症状;对照组中出现疲乏者5例,联合治疗组为8例;两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。两组患者中均未有肝肾功能损害及耳毒性发生者。联合治疗组有23%的患者、对照组有8%的患者出现生活质量评分下降,两组的差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。两组患者中均无因严重不良反应退出研究者。截至2018年3月,共有29例患者出现复发,其中联合治疗组14例、对照组15例; 13例患者死亡,其中联合治疗组6例、对照组7例。Kaplan-Meier生存函数分析显示,两组OS和PFS的差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。结论顺铂联合替莫唑胺组治疗后的骨髓抑制较为严重,但经对症处理后均能恢复;没有患者因不良反应退出治疗。患者的1年生存率与单用替莫唑胺放化疗的患者相仿。     

P53表达对胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺疗效的影响

目的 探讨突变型P53表达情况对胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺(蒂清胶囊)化疗临床预后的影响.方法 入选经手术、放疗和替莫唑胺联合治疗的伴O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA转移酶(MGMT)低表达的胶质母细胞瘤患者,利用生存分析比较突变型P53高表达组患者与低表达组患者的临床预后是否存在统计学差异.结果 患者性别、年龄、Karnofsky生活状态(KPS)评分及肿瘤切除程度在两组患者问无统计学意义,突变型P53低表达组患者的肿瘤无进展生存时间明显长于高表达组(P＜0.05),两组患者的生存时间无统计学意义.结论 P53可能参与多形性胶质母细胞瘤替莫唑胺化疗的耐药机制,是影响其临床预后的一种生物指标.     

三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效分析

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗对恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的疗效。方法 2012年11月至2015年4月收治恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留58例,根据治疗方法分为观察组和对照组,各29例。对照组单纯采用三维适形放疗,观察组采用三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗,连续治疗4~6个周期。结果观察组总有效率(68.97%)、疾病控制率(86.21%)均明显高于对照组(分别为41.38%、62.07%;P0.05)。观察组1年生存率(72.41%)明显高于对照组(44.83%;P0.05)。年龄60岁、病理分级、术前KPS评分、是否完成化疗周期均是影响恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留预后的因素(P0.05)。结论三维适形放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗治疗恶性脑胶质瘤术后残留的近期疗效显著,可提高1年生存率。     

Local control of high-grade gliomas with limited volume irradiation versus whole brain irradiation

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the role of limited field radiation therapy in the management of high-grade gliomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From July '96 to January '98, 50 newly diagnosed patients of high-grade gliomas (Grade III and IV) and glioblastoma multiforme who underwent surgery in the form of partial, sub-total or near-total excision as the primary treatment were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized to receive two different postoperative external radiation protocols, Study Group A: Localized field external radiotherapy 50 Gy/25#/5 wks followed by Boost 10 Gy/5#/1 wk, Control Group B: Whole brain external radiotherapy 40 Gy/20#/4 wks followed by Boost 20 Gy/10#/2 wks by localized field. RESULTS: 20/25 (80%) patients in the study group and 14/25 (56%) patients in the control group showed improvement in their Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). Thus a significant difference in the performance status was noted in favor of limited field irradiation. No significant difference in the local response was seen between the two groups after radiotherapy. Six months progression-free survival of the study group was 44% as compared to 26% in the control group. Six months overall survival was 66.67% in the study group and 50.72% in the control group (P<0.01). Maximum recurrences were noticed within 2 cm of the original tumor margin in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although local control and survival of the patient in both the groups were same, performance status definitely improved in patients treated with localized field irradiation only.     

rCBV变化与VEGF表达对胶质母细胞瘤术后放疗病人生存期的预测研究

目的 探讨相对脑血容量(relative cerebral blood volume,rCBV)变化和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达对胶质母细胞瘤全切手术后辅助放射治疗病人的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)的预测作用.方法 回顾性分析16例外科全切术后辅助放射治疗的胶质母细胞瘤病人的临床资料.在放射治疗前和放射治疗中(累计放射剂量为30 Gy)各进行1次灌注成像检查,计算rCBV值.免疫组化检测VEGF表达.采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析PFS和OS.结果 不同年龄、VEGF表达和rCBV变化的病人,其在PFS的差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).仅有VEGF表达不同的病人在OS的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 VEGF表达和rCBV变化可以作为判定胶质母细胞瘤PFS的预测物.同时,VEGF表达可以作为判定胶质母细胞瘤OS的预测物.     

Efficacy of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in glioblastoma treatment. A multicentre randomized study

Background and purposeThe common treatment in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme is the ultimately radical surgical removal of the tumour combined with radiotherapy. This study compared safety and efficacy of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) given before, during, and after radiotherapy.Material and methodsThe patients operated on for glioblastoma multiforme during the first 21 postoperative days were randomly assigned to the group treated with radiotherapy alone (involved-field radiotherapy in 2 Gy fractions daily five times a week up to the total of 60 Gy over 6 weeks of treatment) or to the group treated with radiotherapy and TMZ, initially in the dose of 200 mg/m² during 5 postoperative days and after 23 days followed by 75 mg/m² of body surface area daily, 7 days a week (from the first to the last day of radiotherapy). On completion of radiotherapy, five complementary courses of TMZ were introduced (150–200 mg/m² for 5 days, repeated every 28 days). The primary outcome measure was overall survival.ResultsFifty-eight patients from 3 centres were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 55 years and all the patients underwent a surgical procedure of glioblastoma removal. The mean overall survival in the group treated with TMZ was 16.0 months, whereas in the group with radiotherapy alone the overall survival reached 12.5 months. 24-month survival reached 23% in patients treated with TMZ and 6.7% in those who received radiotherapy only. Haematological complications of third or fourth degree were present in 10% of patients treated with radiotherapy and TMZ.ConclusionsThe introduction of TMZ before, during and after radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme gives clinically and statistically significant improvement of survival with unremarkably increased toxicity of the treatment.     

Hemangiopericytoma/Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the central nervous system. Experience with surgery and radiotherapy as a complementary treatment: A 10-year analysis of a heterogeneous series in a single tertiary center

Hemangiopericytoma and Solitary Fibrous Tumor are tumors with low incidence. They have a tendency to recur locally and to metastasize. The WHO integrated both tumors into a new entity but one of the pending issues is to demonstrate the effectiveness of surgery plus complementary radiotherapy (RT) and standardize the use of it. We reviewed the data from 10 years. We assessed pathologic and radiologic characteristics. The operation records were evaluated to determine the features and extent of tumor resection. We compared the outcomes in patients using or not RT. The mean follow-up was 74.8 months, with a range of 12 and 210 months. The population included 3 males (30%) and 7 females (70%). The most common location was brain convexity (30%), the remaining were cervical and lumbar spine, sacrum, intraventricular, torcular, sphenoid ridge and intraorbital. Postoperative external beam radiotherapy was delivered in 7 patients (70%), the criteria were a partial resection or WHO II and III histological grades. 2 patients developed local recurrences at 12 and 19 months after initial surgery. 1 patient underwent 2 surgeries, and the other, 4 surgeries. The mean recurrence free survival rate was 15.5 months. Distant metastases were found in 4 patients. 3 of the 10 patients died. Five-year overall survival rate was 66% and mean overall survival was 76 months. A safe and complete resection in the first surgery is the most important prognostic factor. Complementary RT can be helpful, even in cases of complete resection in WHO low-grade.     

The role of radiation therapy following resection of single brain metastasis from melanoma

From 1972 to 1987, 35 patients underwent resection of a single brain metastasis from melanoma; 19 received postoperative radiation therapy (RT) (group A), and 16 did not (group B). Group A had a longer interval to CNS relapse compared with group B, but survival was similar. However, 4/17 (24%) from group A and 11/13 (85%) from group B died of neurologic causes. We conclude that patients with single brain metastasis from melanoma have improved control of CNS disease when postoperative RT is administered, and survival depends upon control of systemic disease.     

髓母细胞瘤复发、播散性种植及预后的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响髓母细胞瘤术后局部复发、播散性种植和预后的临床因素。方法回顾性分析我科收治并经病理确认的43例髓母细胞瘤患者,采用Log-Rank法分析肿瘤的T分期、切除程度、放疗方式对患者术后肿瘤复发、播散性种植及生存时间的影响。结果获得随访的41例患者中,3年、5年总体生存率分别为68.3%、50.1%,肿瘤的T分期、切除程度、放疗方式对患者术后复发时间、术后总生存时间的影响均存在统计学差异;肿瘤的T分期、放疗方式对患者播散性种植时间的影响存在统计学差异,而切除程度对其影响无明显统计学差异。结论处于T1、T2期的肿瘤、接受全脑-脊髓放疗的患者手术距离发生复发、播散性种植的时间和术后总生存时间较长,手术全切除能延缓术后复发和延长术后生存时间,但对发生播散性种植的时间无影响。     

旋转式头部伽玛刀治疗脑转移瘤171例临床分析

目的 探讨旋转式头部伽玛刀在脑转移瘤治疗中的作用及疗效.方法 2010年9月至2011年10月间,我院共有171例脑转移患者接受了放射治疗,其中49人接受单纯全脑放疗（WBRT组）,占28.7％;102例接受了伽玛刀治疗,其中单独伽玛刀治疗（SRS组）50例,占29.2％;伽玛刀联合全脑放疗（WBRT＋ SRS组）72例,占42.1％.WBRT组患者接受全脑放疗40 Gy/20f/4w; SRS组患者接受旋转式头部伽玛刀治疗16 ～ 24 Gy/1f;WBRT＋ SRS组患者接受全脑放疗30 Gy/15f/3 w,后加旋转式头部伽玛刀治疗12 ～16 Gy/1f.观察3组患者的临床效果和并发症,并进行统计处理,分析三组患者的1年局部控制率和1年生存率.结果 3组患者均取得良好效果,未出现严重毒副作用;1年局部控制率分别为52.8％、81.7％、88.1％;1年生存率分别为47.6％、87.8％、92.9％.SRS组、WBRT＋ SRS组1年局部控制率和1年生存率明显高于WBRT组（P＜0.005）,差异有统计学意义;而SRS组和WBRT＋ SRS组1年局部控制率及1年生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.10）.结论 单纯头部伽玛刀治疗以及头部伽玛刀联合全脑放疗治疗脑转移瘤,安全有效,较传统的外照射全脑放疗,可以提高患者的生存时间及生存质量.     

成人髓母细胞瘤患者的预后影响因素分析

目的探讨成人髓母细胞瘤(MB)患者性别、肿瘤部位、免疫组化指标、是否全切、辅助放化疗等临床、病理因素对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析25例成人髓母细胞瘤患者的临床资料,并对患者的预后进行电话随访。使用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log-rank检验进行生存分析,寻找影响预后的因素。结果本组患者中,男性14例(56.0%),女性11例(44.0%),平均年龄为(25.1±5.9)岁。其中,12例患者(48.0%)的肿瘤位于小脑内,13例患者(52.0%)肿瘤突入四脑室;20例患者(80.0%)实现了肿瘤全切;23例患者(92.0%)术后进行了放疗;13例患者(52.0%)术后行化疗。本组患者的5年无进展生存和整体生存率分别为(65.9±10.6)%和(67.5±15.6)%。辅助放疗(P<0.001)和突触素阳性表达(P=0.017)与较好的5年无进展生存相关。在术后行辅助放疗的基础上,再行辅助化疗并无确切疗效(P=0.202)。结论成人髓母细胞瘤患者术后行辅助放疗是必需的,是否行辅助化疗尚存争议。辅助放疗和突触素阳性表达与较好的预后相关。免疫组化指标对评估成人髓母细胞瘤患者的预后有价值。     

Oligodendroglioma: clinical profile and treatment results

Oligodendrogliomas are rare glial tumors with a long natural history. Radical surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and observation have been suggested as part of primary management. This series reports the presentation and outcome in 34 patients with histologically verified pure oligodendrogliomas treated between 1983 and 1993. All patients were treated at the time of initial diagnosis with surgery, with or without additional radiotherapy. The overall survival and progression free survival rates at five years were 69.8% and 55% respectively. There was no tumor or treatment related factor influencing survival significantly.