HCl—NaBH4—K3Fe（CN）6体系气态原子吸收光谱法测定饮料中铅

采用ＶＡ－９０气态原子化装置与ＷＦＸ－１Ｄ原子吸收分光光度计联用测定饮料中铅，采用ＨＣｌ－ＮａＢＨ４－Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６体系，经Ｌ９（３４）正交试验选择最佳实验条件为：ＮａＢＨ４２０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６１００ｇ／Ｌ，ＨＣｌ１．５ｍｌ，氩气流量为０．８Ｌ／ｍｉｎ。在０～１００μｇ／Ｌ范围内，相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９６，回收率为９４．１％～１０７．５％，Ｒ·Ｓ·Ｄ％＝３．３～５．２特征浓度和检出限分别为１．２９μｇ／Ｌ／１％和０．０４９μｇ／Ｌ。干扰试验表明，Ｓｎ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ在５００μｇ／Ｌ以下，Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ａｇ在１０００μｇ／Ｌ以下，不干扰测定     

乙型肝炎病毒前C区变异患者血清Ⅳ型胶原/层粘连蛋白和一氧化氮的分析

目的：分析乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）前Ｃ区基因变异在肝纤维化形成中的作用,探讨肝纤维化与一氧化氮的关系。方法：利用错配ＰＣＲ限制片段多态性分析,检测ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区１８９６位点突变,并检测慢性乙肝患者血清Ⅳ型胶原／层粘连蛋白（ＣⅣ／ＬＮ）和ＮＯ。结果：Ａ组３１例前Ｃ区变异或变异优势患者ＣⅣ（１２７．３５±２４．３３）μｇ／Ｌ,ＬＮ（１６９．１０±２８．２３）μｇ／Ｌ明显高于Ｂ组３０例无前Ｃ区基因变异患者ＣⅣ（８６．８４±１２．６６）μｇ／Ｌ,ＬＮ（９４．２０±１５．２９）μｇ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）,且Ａ组ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３（４８．５５±４．０３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ明显高于Ｂ组ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３（３６．６０±４．０２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：ＨＢＶ前Ｃ区变异与肝纤维化、肝硬化发生发展有关系,且血清ＮＯ随ＣⅣ和ＬＮ增高而增高。     

血清营养素水平与胃癌癌前病变关系的研究

研究了胃癌高发区山东省临朐县６００余例３５￣６４岁居民的血清营养素水平及其与胃癌癌前病变的关系。当地居民血清营养素平均水平分别为：维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）０．５４μｇ／ｍｌ，β－胡萝卜素０．２９βｇ／ｍｌ，维生素Ｃ（ＶＣ）３．１４μｇ／ｍｌ，维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）９。６２μｇ／ｍｌ，硒３０．２μｇ／Ｌ，锌９２４μｇ／Ｌ，铜１０１６μｇ／Ｌ，铁蛋白４２．０μｇ／ｍｌ。其中血清β－胡萝卜素、ＶＣ、锌／铜比值及铁蛋白     

用荧光法测定维生素K_3

报道了一种灵敏、简便测定维生素Ｋ３（ＶＫ３）的荧光分析法。原理：ＶＫ３经ＳｎＣｌ２还原生成荧光性醌萘酚化合物,在波长λｅｘ＝３３４ｎｍ、λｅｍ＝４２７ｎｍ处测量,ＶＫ３在０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ范围呈线性关系。检出限为０．６２μｇ／Ｌ;测定限为２．０６μｇ...     

3-硝基丙酸的高效液相色谱分析

利用反相高效液相色谱法定量分析米曲霉菌种培养基中３ 硝基丙酸的含量。样品经乙酸乙酯提取、净化后,以 Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｉｌ Ｃ１８为色谱柱,以 Ｃ Ｈ３ Ｃ Ｎ／ Ｋ Ｈ２ Ｐ Ｏ４ （００２ ｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ,ｐ Ｈ３０）（１／３,ｖ／ｖ）为流动相,流速为１０ｍ ｌ／ｍ ｉｎ,紫外检测器波长２１０ｎｍ 。该方法最低检出量为１０μｇ／ｋｇ（信噪比为３）,回收率为９０１％ ～９８０％ 。     

球形芽孢杆菌发泡块剂灭致乏库蚊幼虫的效果

作者应用球形芽孢杆菌Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂（由本所生产）和Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂（德国提供），在实验室和现场进行灭致乏库蚊的效果比较。室内生物测定结果显示：Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂ＬＤ_（６０）为０．０１９３μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂ＬＤ_（６０）为０．００７μｇ／ｍｌ．在３．６～４．０ｍ￣２的现孳生地水池中，两种发泡剂使用剂量为０．５，１．０和１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２，制剂４８ｈ的灭蚊效果均可达１００％，当剂量为０．５ｇ／ｍ￣２时，Ｂｓ－９４１发泡块剂持效达１７天，而Ｂｓ－Ｆｔ发泡块剂只有９天；当剂量上升到１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２时，两种发泡剂的持效均可达到２１天。对照组乳剂Ｂｓ－Ｃ_（３ｃ－４１）的浓度为０．９２μｌ／ｌ（与１．５ｇ／ｍ￣２相当）时，持效为９天，说明本所生产的Ｂｓ发泡块剂在中小型挛生地中比Ｂｓ乳剂持效长，并且超过德国Ｂｓ发泡块剂的效果和持效。     

广西吸毒成瘾者丙型肝炎病毒的感染及其分子生物学研究

选择２８３名静脉吸毒者（ＩＶＤＡｓ）和１２１名献血员（ＢＤｓ）进行Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ、ＨＣＶ血清基因型、ＨＣＶ基因型和ＨＣＶｃＤＮＡ序列的检测。结果表明，ＩＶＤＡｓ和ＢＤｓ的Ａｎｔｉ－ＨＣＶ检出率分别为９１．１７％和０．８３％；ＩＶＤＡｓ的ＨＣＶ血清基因型为１型８１．８５％（２２１／２７０），２型１．４８％（４／２７０），ｌ＋２型０．３７％（１／２７０），不能定为１和／或２型１６．３０％（４４／２７０）；ＨＣＶ基因型为１ａ型：２８．６％（３４／１１９）；ｌｂ型：３８．７％（４６／１１９）；２ａ型１０．９％（１３／ｌ１９）；２ｂ型１４．３％（１７／ｌ１９）；３ａ型２６．９％（３２／１１９）；３ｂ型４０．３％（４８／１１９）；６ａ型８．４％（１０／１１９）；６ｂ型２６．７％（３１／１１９）；其中１４．３％的病例有４～５种不同基因亚型的混合感染现象。     

溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵─溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

本文建立了溴化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵－溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法水相直接测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法。ＳＤＢＳ在０～１９５μｇ／１０ｍｌ，ＳＤＳ在０～１５８μｇ／１０ｍｌ，ＳＬＳ在０～６０μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内遵守比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为：３．９９×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＤＢＳ）；３．７０×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＤＳ）；１．７１×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＳＬＳ）。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差为０．５７％～１．２％，回收率为９５．５％～１０３％。     

流式细胞术在小鼠局部淋巴结试验中的应用研究

摘要：目的　将流式细胞术应用到小鼠局部淋巴结实验（ｌｏｃａｌｌｙｍｐｈｎｏｄｅａｓｓａｙ,ＬＬＮＡ）中,期望建立既
可检测化学物致敏性也可同时检测刺激性的方法。方法　受试物分为溶剂对照［ＡＯＯ （丙酮∶ 橄榄油＝
４∶１）］、阴性对照（ＮａＣｌ）、致敏阳性物［己基肉桂醛（ＨＣＡ）、２,４ 二硝基氯苯（ＤＮＣＢ）、２ 氨基酚（２
ＡＰＣ）］、刺激阳性物［ＫＯＨ、十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＬＳ）］。采用８～１０周龄１６～２２ｇ的雌性Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠７６
只,随机分为１９个受试物剂量组,每剂量组４只小鼠。每种受试物分别设低、中、高３个剂量组,检测浓
度分别为ＮａＣｌ （１００ｇ／Ｌ、２００ｇ／Ｌ、３００ｇ／Ｌ）、ＨＣＡ （犞／犞：３．３％、１０．０％、３０．０％）、ＤＮＣＢ（２．５ｇ／Ｌ、
５．０ｇ／Ｌ、１０．０ｇ／Ｌ）、２ ＡＰＣ （１２．５ｇ／Ｌ、２５．０ｇ／Ｌ、５０．０ｇ／Ｌ）、ＫＯＨ （２５ｇ／Ｌ、５０ｇ／Ｌ、１００ｇ／Ｌ）、ＳＬＳ
（５０ｇ／Ｌ、１００ｇ／Ｌ、２００ｇ／Ｌ）。于试验第１、２、３ 天将配制后不同浓度受试物稀释液以每耳２５μｌ／ｄ均匀涂
布于小鼠双侧耳后。检测小鼠耳缘厚度、耳引流淋巴结重量、Ｂ２２０＋ （ＣＤ４５Ｒ） 亚群淋巴细胞百分数等指
标。采用ＳＰＳＳ１１．５分析软件,对数据型指标进行方差分析,并对有差异的个体再行ＬＳＤ 两两比较,并根
据刺激指数对受试物致敏性大小进行分级。结果　与溶剂对照比较中高剂量的ＳＬＳ和ＫＯＨ 均可引起小鼠
耳缘厚度增加（犘＜０．０１）。可判定ＳＬＳ、ＫＯＨ 对皮肤有刺激性。ＤＮＣＢ、ＨＣＡ 各剂量组和２ ＡＰＣ 高剂量
组刺激指数均大于３,可以判断该３种化学物为皮肤致敏物。根据ＳＩ计算ＥＣ３的值,对致敏物进行分类：
ＤＮＣＢ （０．１９６）为强致敏物,ＨＣＡ （１．５５６） 和２ ＡＰＣ （３．１５６） 为中等致敏物。结论　应用流式细胞术
（ｆｌｏｗｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ,ＦＣＭ）检测Ｂ２２０＋ （ＣＤ４５Ｒ）亚群淋巴细胞百分数作为致敏性观察指标的改良小鼠淋巴
结实验,结合耳缘厚度检测可实现同时评价化学物的皮肤致敏性和刺激性。
关键词：局部淋巴结试验;小鼠;致敏性;刺激性;流式细胞术
中图分类号：Ｒ１１４;Ｒ９９４．６　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０５ ０４７７ ０５     

ELISA微板法检测乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原的研究

以双抗体包被的抗体夹心法，用微板ＥＬＪＩＳＡ检测血清ＨＢｃＡｇ，确定双包被工作度ＭＣ－抗－ＨＢＣ（效价１：１０００）为０．０４μｌ／孔，ＭＣ－抗－ＨＢＳ（１ｍｇ／ｍｌ，５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）为３～４μｌ／孔；最佳裂解剂及其工作度为７％ＮＰ－４０巯基乙醇溶液。分别用不同的酶标记抗体检测，均证明双包被具有特异性。加入抗－ＨＥｃ进行阻断试验，其阻断率为７９．３％。对临床８４４例ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性的血清及１１４例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ探针阴性血清用本法进行ＨＢｃＡｇ检测，均为阴性。在临床应用上，本法阳性率明显高于试管法，与ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ探针阳性符合率为９１．４％，且特异性与ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ探针一致。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.