不同剂量的右美托咪定对全麻开胸手术患者苏醒期躁动及炎性细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量的右美托咪定对全麻开胸手术患者苏醒期躁动及炎性细胞因子的影响。方法:80例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期全麻开胸手术的患者,随机分为4组(n=20):对照组(A组)、低剂量组(B组)、中剂量组(C组)和高剂量组(D组)。B组、C组和D组麻醉诱导插管前15 min分别静脉注射右美托咪定0.25,0.5,1μg/kg,继以0.4μg/(kg·h)持续泵注至手术结束前30 min。每组缝皮开始时静注地佐辛0.1 mg/kg。A组静脉注射等容量的生理盐水。分别于麻醉诱导前(T1),术中拔除气管导管前15 min(T2)、拔除气管导管即刻(T3)、拔除气管导管后15 min(T4)各时点分别抽取5 ml静脉血,离心分离血浆。ELISA法检测血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)、炎性细胞因子TN F-α、IL-10水平。观察4组患者苏醒期躁动、镇静程度及不良反应发生情况。结果:与A组比较,T2、T3、T4时点C组、D组患者血浆CRP、血浆TNF-α水平、TNF-α/IL-10比值明显低于A组(P<0.05),血浆IL-10水平明显高于A组(P<0.05);躁动评分明显降低(P<0.05)。T2、T3、T4时点C组患者血浆CRF、血浆TNF-α水平、TN F-α/IL-10比值明显高于D组(P<0.05),血浆IL-10水平明显低于D组(P<0.05)。与A组、B组、C组比较,D组患者镇静评分明显升高,且有过度镇静和苏醒延迟的发生(P<0.05)。心动过缓、低血压的发生较多(P<0.05)。结论:右美托眯定可减少全麻开胸手术患者苏醒期躁动,其机制可能与降低血浆CRP、TNF-α水平、升高血浆IL-10水平、减少TNF-α/IL-10比值有关;中剂量组效果最好且副作用少。     

右美托咪定在小儿玻璃体视网膜手术中的应用

目的探讨右美托咪定在小儿玻璃体视网膜手术中对眼内压和血流动力学的影响及其在减轻拔除气管导管反应和苏醒期躁动中的作用。方法收集美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、行玻璃体视网膜手术的患儿60例,随机分入右美托咪定组和0.9%氯化钠溶液组,每组30例。两组患儿均吸入七氟烷行麻醉诱导后,右美托咪定组给予单次静脉缓慢注射右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,0.9%氯化钠溶液组给予单次静脉缓慢注射等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。术中两组均予持续吸入七氟烷(呼气末的体积分数为0.01～0.02),经微量静脉输液泵持续输注瑞芬太尼0.2μg·kg-1·min-1维持麻醉。分别于吸入七氟烷后和气管插管后1min测定患儿的眼内压。在吸入麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后10min、拔除气管导管前、拔除气管导管时、拔除气管导管后记录所有患儿的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。拔除气管导管后15min内监测患儿的呛咳次数,采用四分表对呛咳进行评估;并记录患儿屏气、喉痉挛、支气管痉挛和氧不足的情况。应用小儿麻醉苏醒躁动量表对患儿的烦躁情况进行评分。记录苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间。结果右美托咪定组和0.9%氯化钠溶液组气管插管后1min的眼内压分别为(14.58±4.39)、(13.64±3.31)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),均较同组气管插管前的(19.36±3.65)、(18.78±4.01)mmHg显著降低(P值均<0.01)。两组吸入麻醉诱导后10min的MAP和HR均显著低于同组吸入麻醉诱导前(P值均<0.05),0.9%氯化钠溶液组拔除气管导管时和拔除气管导管后的MAP和HR均显著高于同组拔除气管导管前(P值均<0.05);右美托咪定组拔除气管导管时和拔除气管导管后的MAP和HR均显著低于0.9%氯化钠溶液组同时间点(P值均<0.05)。0.9%氯化钠溶液组的呛咳发生率显著高于右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组与0.9%氯化钠溶液组间拔除气管导管时间和苏醒时间的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。0.9%氯化钠溶液组苏醒期躁动发生率为43.3%(13/30),显著高于右美托咪定组的10.0%(3/30,P<0.05)。右美托咪定组全身麻醉苏醒期的平均躁动评分为(1.77±0.15)分,显著低于0.9%氯化钠溶液组的(2.40±0.21)分(P<0.05)。结论小儿玻璃体视网膜手术中,右美托咪定对眼内压和血流动力学无明显的影响,并能减轻拔除气管导管反应和减少苏醒期躁动。     

不同剂量右美托咪定对儿童口腔日间手术全麻苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察不同剂量的右美托咪定用于全麻下儿童口腔日间手术苏醒期躁动治疗的效果。方法 将75例于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院在全麻下行龋齿治疗的日间病房患儿随机分为3组,对照组（C组）,低剂量右美托咪定组（D1组）和高剂量右美托咪定组（D2组）,每组25例。所有组静脉给予2μg/kg芬太尼,2 mg/kg丙泊酚,0.7 mg/kg罗库溴铵。行气管插管后术中以七氟醚1.0～2.0 MAC,丙泊酚4～6 mg/（kg·h）维持麻醉状态。手术开始前5 min,静脉追加注射2μg/kg芬太尼,术中以不同剂量的右美托咪定维持。C组不使用右美托咪定;D1组右美托咪定以0.3μg/（kg·h）维持,D2组右美托咪定以0.6μg/（kg·h）维持。记录患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间和苏醒期间的儿童麻醉苏醒谵妄评分（PAEDs）,以及入手术室、术后15 min、术后30 min患儿镇静-躁动评分（SAS）。记录各组患儿在诱导前(T0)、右美托咪定注射30 min(T1)、拔除气管导管后(T2)、清醒时(T3)的血流动力学指标、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)的变化。结果 3组患儿术后拔管时间、苏醒时间...     

右美托咪定对老年患者全身麻醉手术血流动力学和苏醒期拔除气管导管的影响

目的探讨术前应用右美托咪定对老年患者全身麻醉手术血流动力学和苏醒期拔除气管导管的影响。方法选择全身麻醉下择期行髋部骨折手术的患者60例,年龄60~85岁,体重50~85kg,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。随机分入右美托咪定组和对照组,每组30例。右美托咪定组患者经静脉输液泵注射右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,注射时间为15 min,对照组患者经静脉输液泵注射等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液。分别于给药前(T0)、经静脉输液泵注射药物10 min(T1)、经静脉输液泵注药物结束(T2)、气管插管后即刻(T3)、手术切皮(T4)、手术进行30 min(T5)、手术结束(T6)、拔除气管导管后5 min(T7)、拔除气管导管后30min(T8)各时间点监测患者的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),记录患者自主呼吸恢复、按指令睁眼、拔除气管导管的时间和脑电双频指数(BIS)值。结果右美托咪定组在T4、T5、T6时间点的MAP和HR均显著低于同组T0时间点(P值均<0.05);对照组在T3时间点的MAP和HR均显著高于同组T0时间点(P值均<0.05),T4、T5、T6时间点的MAP和HR均显著低于同组T0时间点(P值均<0.05)。对照组在T3和T7时间点的MAP和HR,以及T4时间点的HR均显著高于右美托咪定组同时间点(P值均<0.05)。右美托咪定组自主呼吸恢复时的BIS值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组间自主呼吸恢复时间、按指令睁眼时间和BIS值、拔除气管导管时间和BIS值的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。右美托咪定组术中丙泊酚和芬太尼用量均显著低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。两组间心动过缓和低血压发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论老年患者在行髋部手术前静脉输注0.5μg/kg右美托咪定能使其围术期血流动力学更加平稳,且对术后苏醒和拔除气管导管无影响。     

右美托咪定用于全身麻醉下腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床评估

目的分析研究右美托咪定对减轻全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术应激反应的影响。方法将60例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者分为观察组(静脉预注右美托咪定)和对照组各30例,监测各时点血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)浓度及平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)。结果麻醉诱导前,对照组MAP和HR显著升高;对照组在拔除气管导管后MAP和HR显著升高;观察组在各时点均无明显变化。与麻醉诱导前相比,对照组各时段血浆NE、E浓度均显著升高;观察组在各时点均无明显变化(P0.05)。结论患者应用右美托咪定后,血流动力学以及应激反应因子水平在围术期趋于平稳,增加了手术的安全性。     

右美托咪定用于全身麻醉下腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床评估

目的分析研究右美托咪定对减轻全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术应激反应的影响。方法将60例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者分为观察组(静脉预注右美托咪定)和对照组各30例,监测各时点血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)浓度及平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)。结果麻醉诱导前,对照组MAP和HR显著升高;对照组在拔除气管导管后MAP和HR显著升高;观察组在各时点均无明显变化。与麻醉诱导前相比,对照组各时段血浆NE、E浓度均显著升高;观察组在各时点均无明显变化(P<0.05)。结论患者应用右美托咪定后,血流动力学以及应激反应因子水平在围术期趋于平稳,增加了手术的安全性。     

盐酸右美托咪定对开胸贲门癌根治术患者围术期应激反应的影响

目的：观察全麻期间持续应用盐酸右美托咪定对开胸贲门癌根治术患者围术期应激反应的影响。方法：50例择期行开胸贲门癌根治术的患者,均采用全凭静脉麻醉,随机分为对照组和试验组（盐酸右美托咪定组）,每组各25例。监测两组麻醉诱导前（T0）、气管插管成功后即刻（T1）、手术开始30 min后（T2）、手术结束时（T3）、拔除气管导管后（T4）各时点血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）浓度及平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）,并记录患者咽喉反射恢复时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间以及拔管后镇静评分。结果：与T0点相比,对照组在T1时点MAP和HR显著升高（P〈0.05）,T1～T4时血浆NE、E浓度显著升高（P〈0.05）;与T3点相比,对照组在T4时点MAP和HR显著升高（P〈0.05）;试验组在各时点均无明显变化,两组T1～T4各时间点对照组NE、E浓度高于试验组（P〈0.05）。结论：开胸贲门癌根治术围术期持续应用盐酸右美托咪定可有效抑制开胸贲门癌根治术患者围术期血浆NE、E浓度水平升高,血流动力学平稳,减轻围术期应激反应。     

右美托咪定不同给药方式对患者经鼻清醒气管插管应激反应的对比研究

目的评价右美托咪定不同给药方式在全身麻醉患者经鼻纤维支气管镜气管插管中的应用效果。方法选取行颌面骨骨折或口腔肿瘤手术患者,美国麻醉医师协会分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,Mallampati气道分级为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,年龄18～69 岁,随机数字表法分为4 组（n =20）：表面麻醉组（C 组）、表面麻醉+1μg/kg 右美托咪定喷鼻组（D1 组）、表面麻醉+2 μg/kg右美托咪定喷鼻组（D2 组）、表面麻醉+ 右美托咪定静脉注射组（DV 组）。D1组和D2组鼻腔内分别喷入右美托咪定1和2μg/kg（2 ml）,20 min后静脉输注生理盐水20 ml,输注时间10 min;D3组鼻腔内喷入生理盐水2 ml,20 min后静脉输注右美托咪定1μg/kg,输注时间10 min;C组分别经鼻腔喷入、静脉输注生理盐水;经较通畅的一侧鼻腔用1%丁卡因进行鼻腔、口咽表面麻醉后,4 组常规麻醉诱导。于入室后（T0）、药物喷鼻后30 min（T1）、气管导管过鼻咽即刻（T2）、气管导管进入声门即刻（T3）、插管成功后1 min（T4）、3 min（T5）和5 min（T6）记录患者平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）和插管期间Ramsay 值,并于T0、T3～6时间检测血浆皮质醇浓度（Cor）、肾上腺素（E）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）水平。记录气管插管时间、患者气管插管条件和患者Koung 评分。结果C组MAP、HR、血浆Cor、N、NE水平在经鼻气管插管后升高（P <0.05）;D1 组、D2 组和DV 组在T1时刻HR 降低,气管插管成功后MAP、HR、血浆Cor、N 和NE 水平波动较C 组轻（P <0.05）,与D1、DV组比较,D2组血浆Cor、N和NE浓度在T4～T5时间降低（P <0.05）。与C 组比较,D2组、D1组和DV组插管条件评分升高,Koung 评分降低,气管插管时间缩短（P <0.05）,D2 组与D1、DV 组相比,Koung 评分降低（P <0.05）。结论右美托咪定2 种给药方式可安全有效地用于经鼻清醒气管插管,减少血流动力学波动,且2μg/kg右美托咪定鼻腔喷药效果更佳。     

右美托咪啶用于行神经外科手术的高血压患者全身麻醉拔管期的有效性和安全性

目的 探讨右美托咪啶用于行神经外科手术的高血压患者全身麻醉拔管期的有效性和安全性.方法 选择44例行神经外科手术的高血压患者,随机分成右美托咪啶(D)组和0.9%氯化钠溶液(N)组,每组22例,分别于手术结束前30 min给药,记录诱导前、注射药物前、拔除气管导管时,以及拔除气管导管后1、5、10 min时的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),记录苏醒时间及苏醒后30 min时的疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分.结果 与注射药物前比较,D组MAP、HR较平稳.在各时间点的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).N组拔除气管导管时及拔除气管导管后1、5、10 min时的MAP、HR均较注射药物前以及D组同时间点显著升高(P值分别＜0.05、0.01).D组的疼痛VAS评分显著低于N组(P＜0.05).D组与N组苏醒时间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶应用于在全身麻醉下行神经外科手术的高血压患者,可有效维持呼吸、循环稳定,全面减少拔管期患者的不良反应,且不影响患者的清醒.     

盐酸右美托咪啶在全身麻醉腹部手术拔管期的应用

目的:观察盐酸右美托咪啶在全身麻醉腹部手术后拔管期间对生命体征的影响.方法:选择40例在全身麻醉下行腹部手术的患者,随机分成盐酸右美托咪啶(A)组和0.9％氯化钠溶液(B)组,分别于手术结束前30 min给药,记录全麻诱导前、注射药物前、拔除气管导管时,以及拔除气管导管后5和10 min的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及血氧饱和度(SpO2),比较两组的差异.结果:与注射药物前相比,A组MAP、HR及SpO2较平稳,各时间点差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);B组拔除气管导管时及拔除气管导管后5、10 min时的MAP、HR均较注射药物前以及A组同时间点显著升高(P＜0.05),A、B两组的苏醒时间及SpO2的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:盐酸右美托咪啶应用于全身麻醉腹部手术患者拔管期,可有效维持呼吸、循环稳定,不影响患者的苏醒.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.