RAIL泰素帝协同诱导人肺腺癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体（tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL）和化疗药物泰素帝（TXT）联合应用对体外培养人肺腺癌A549细胞的凋亡诱导作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：通过形态学观察和MTT比色法检测TRAIL、TXT及二者联合应用对A549细胞的形态学影响和细胞增殖的抑制作用； Annexin Ⅴ FITC/PI染色，流式细胞术检测A549细胞的凋亡率；半定量RT PCR检测TXT对A549细胞死亡受体DR4、DR5基因表达的影响。结果：①TXT对A549细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用，且呈显著的剂量依赖性，IC50为62.1?ng/ml；而A549对TRAIL不敏感，100?ng/ml的抑制率仅为（6.84±1.14）%，1600?ng/ml的抑制率为（26.10±4.02）%。4?ng/ml TXT与100?ng/ml TRAIL联合应用有显著的协同抑制作用（P＜0.05），抑制率为（19.98±4.15）%；②100?ng/ml TRAIL、4?ng/ml TXT单独作用A549细胞24?h的凋亡率为4.44%和12.26%。100?ng/ml TRAIL与4?ng/ml TXT联合作用A549细胞24?h的凋亡率为16.84%；③4?ng/ml TXT作用前后，死亡受体DR4、DR5mRNA表达水平无明显改变。结论：人肺腺癌细胞A549对TRAIL不敏感，但TRAIL与TXT联合有显著的协同诱导细胞凋亡作用，这种协同作用机制与DR4、DR5的表达无关。     

人重组TRAIL对胆囊癌细胞生长的影响

目的探讨人重组肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(recombinant human tumor necrosis factor relat-ed apoptosis inducing ligand,rhTRAIL)对胆囊癌细胞株SGC-996的作用。方法用Western-blot法检测胆囊癌细胞株中TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5和Fas相关死亡结构域(fas-associated death domain,FADD)的表达状况,生长曲线、相差显微镜和流式细胞仪观测rhTRAIL作用于胆囊癌细胞株后的细胞生长状况。结果胆囊癌细胞株SGC-996中,有死亡受体DR4、DR5和Fas相关死亡结构域(FADD)的表达,rhTRAIL作用胆囊癌细胞后,细胞生长受到抑制,作用前后细胞Casepase-3/7活性明显升高,流式细胞仪检测表明rhTRAIL治疗组和对照组细胞的凋亡差异明显(P<0.05)。结论rhTRAIL在体外对胆囊癌细胞株SGC-996有明显抑制作用,可能成为治疗胆囊癌的新途径。     

TRAIL和抗肿瘤药物协同诱导非小细胞肺癌凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）体外诱导非小细胞肺癌渊亡的效果及和抗肿瘤药物的协同作用。方法用20-160ng／ml浓度范围的rhTRAIL单独及联合阿霉素、顺铂和紫醇处理体外培养的非小细胞肺癌NCI—H460细胞，8h后测定细胞Caspase 3的活性变化，并于24h后用荧光显微镜观察药物处理对NCI—H460细胞核形态的影响。结果经药物处理8h后NCI-H460细胞的Caspase3活性提高，24h后各处理组细胞出现不同程度的细胞核固缩、碎裂等形态学改变，联合用药组上述变化更明显，细胞凋亡率更高。结论TRAIL可以有效诱导非小细胞肺癌的体外凋亡，其效果与作用浓度呈正相关；TRAIL和常用抗肿瘤药物有协同促进肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体在B淋巴瘤细胞株中的敏感性及诱导细胞凋亡机制

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)在B淋巴瘤细胞株中的敏感性及TRAIL通过线粒体信号通路诱导人B淋巴瘤细胞株Ramos凋亡的机制.方法 采用CCK-8法检测肿瘤细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞线粒体膜电位、细胞表面受体DR4/DR5表达及细胞凋亡率变化,并用Western Blot测定Ramos细胞经TRAIL作用24 h后相关凋亡蛋白的表达水平.结果 供试的4株B淋巴瘤细胞中,Ramos细胞为TRAIL敏感株,Ramos细胞表面受体DR4/DR5表达水平明显高于TRAIL耐药株;TRAIL抑制Ramos细胞增殖通过诱导细胞凋亡介导;细胞调亡伴随线粒体膜电位明显变化;Western Blot免疫印迹结果显示,药物作用后,细胞内相关凋亡信号分子包括Caspase-9,Caspase-3,PARP蛋白等均明显活化.结论 4株B淋巴瘤细胞株对TRAIL敏感性不同,并与DR4/DR5表达相关;TRAIL抑制Ramos细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,引起线粒体膜电位明显下降,活化Caspase-9及下游凋亡蛋白;线粒体调亡途径是介导TRAIL诱导Ramos细胞凋亡的途径之一.     

TRAIL联合顺铂诱导卵巢癌耐药细胞株COC1/DDP凋亡机制的研究

目的:研究TRAIL联合顺铂对卵巢癌耐药细胞COC1/DDP生长的影响,以及联合用药对TRAIL死亡受体(DR4、DR5)、凋亡相关基因Smac、Survivin表达的影响,揭示TRAIL联合顺铂可能逆转COC1/DDP细胞耐药性的机制。方法:采用MTT法检测不同浓度TRAIL蛋白与DDP联合用药对COC1/DDP细胞生长的影响,用Annexin V-FITC法检测COC1/DDP细胞凋亡,用RT-PCR方法检测DDP对TRAIL受体(DR4、DR5)、凋亡相关基因Smac、Survivin表达。结果:TRAIL蛋白对COC1/DDP细胞生长有抑制作用,DDP与TRAIL蛋白联合作用后细胞生长抑制率显著升高(P0.05)。DDP使COC1/DDP细胞的DR5表达水平显著增强,为正常对照组的3.45倍(P0.001);Smac表达为对照组的2.82倍(P0.001);DR4水平无明显变化;Survivin表达较对照组显著减少(P0.001)。结论:TRAIL蛋白对COC1/DDP细胞生长有抑制作用,DDP与TRAIL联合增强了对COC1/DDP细胞生长抑制;TRAIL逆转COC1/DDP细胞对DDP的耐药性可能与DDP导致TRAIL受体DR5水平升高、Smac表达增加,通过线粒体途径促进了肿瘤细胞的凋亡有关。     

重组人可溶性TRAIL分子诱导细胞凋亡机理探讨

目的探讨重组人可溶性TRAIL蛋白(rhsTRAIL)诱导细胞凋亡的机理.方法应用DNA染料和流式细胞仪定性分别检测rhsTRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡;流式细胞仪检测靶细胞膜表面TRAIL受体表达格局,荧光定量法检测凋亡细胞中Caspase-3活性.结果100ng/ml人可溶性TRAIL蛋白分子对外周血淋巴细胞无明显毒性,但可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,不同的肿瘤细胞凋亡率有差异,凋亡范围在26%～57%.不同细胞表面TRAIL受体表达量不同,外周血淋巴细胞的死亡受体DR4、DR5受体表达5%,而诱骗受体DcRl表达55%,相反肿瘤细胞上的DR4、DR5表达高(40%～88%),而DcRl表达很低(8%～17%).rhsTRAIL诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡,其细胞内Caspase-3活性增高.ActD可增加TRAIL抑制细胞生长活性.结论重组人可溶性TRAIL蛋白分子可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,凋亡活性TRAIL受体类型及Caspase-3活性增高有关.     

重组人可溶性TRAIL分子诱导细胞凋亡机理探讨

目的 探讨重组人可溶性TRAIL蛋白（rhsTRAIL）诱导细胞凋亡的机理。方法 应用DNA染料和流式细胞仪定性分别检测rhsTRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡；流式细胞仪检测靶细胞膜表面TRAIL受体表达格局，荧光定量法检测凋亡细胞中Caspase-3活性。结果 100ng/ml人可溶性TRAIL蛋白分子对外周血淋巴细胞无明显毒性，但可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，不同的肿瘤细胞凋亡率有差异。凋亡范围在26%-57%。不同细胞表面TRAIL受体表达量不同，外周血淋巴细胞的死亡受体DR4，DR5受体表达5%，而诱骗受体DcR1表达55%，相反肿瘤细胞上的DR4，DR5表达高（40%——88%）。而DcR1表达很低（8%-17%），rhsTRAIL诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡，其细胞内Caspase-3活性增高，ActD可增加TRAIL抑制细胞生长活性。结论 重组人可溶性TRAIL蛋白分子可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，凋亡活性TRAIL受体类型及Caspase-3活性增高有关。     

紫杉醇协同肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体抑制胶质瘤细胞活性的探讨

目的探讨紫杉醇(PX)联合肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)对胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡作用的影响及其可能机制。方法分别采用改良MTT法和流式细胞术检测PX和TRAIL单独用药以及TRAIL/PX联合用药U251细胞后细胞增殖和凋亡的情况,采用Western bloting法检测PX对U251细胞TRAIL受体DR4和DR5表达的影响。结果 TRAIL和PX单独用药对U251细胞增殖均具有抑制作用且呈浓度依赖性,TRAIL/PX联合作用对U251细胞生长抑制率和凋亡率均大于单独用药(P<0.05),TRAIL/PX联合用药与单独用药相比可显著上调DR4表达(P<0.05),DR5表达无明显变化。结论 PX可协同TRAIL上调DR4的表达,进而提高胶质瘤细胞对TRAIL的敏感性,抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡。     

TRAIL联合顺铂体外杀伤前列腺癌PC-3细胞株的实验研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)联合化疗药物顺铂(DDP)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株的体外杀伤作用. 方法 分别采用不同浓度的DDP(1.0μg/ml、5.0μg/ml、10.0μg/ml、20.0μg/ml、50.0μg/ml、100.0μg/ml)与TRAIL(10.0ng/ml、20.0ng/ml、50.0ng/ml、100.0ng/ml、200.0ng/ml)作用PC-3细胞株,24h后MTT法检测细胞的吸光度;DDP(5.0ng/m1)与TRAIL(50.0ng/ml)联合作用PC-3细胞4h、8h、12h、16h、20h、24h后,MTT法检测检测细胞的吸光度;并按细胞的抑制率(100%)=(1-实验组吸光度/阳性对照组吸光度)×100%计算DDP组、TRAIL组及两者联合应用对细胞的抑制率,比较组间细胞抑制率的差异. 结果 单独应用DDP或者TRAIL对PC-3细胞体外杀伤作用有浓度依赖性,浓度增高一定程度时对PC-3细胞的抑制作用会处于一个相对平台期;联合应用DDP+TRAIL组与单独应用同浓度的DDP及TRAIL组相比,其对PC-3细胞的体外杀伤作用明显增强,P<0.05,差异具有显著性意义;联合应用DDP与TRAIL对PC-3细胞的体外杀伤作用具有明显的时间依赖性. 结论 DDP能明显提高TRAIL对前列腺痛PC-3细胞株的杀伤作用,其机制与死亡受体DR5的表达上调有关.     

膜型凋亡诱导配体脱落可能参与肺腺癌对TRAIL耐受

TRAIL可选择性、高效地诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,虽然肺腺癌等部分肿瘤对TRAIL耐受,但其高效、低毒的优势吸引人们不断探索增敏策略.TRAIL与功能性受体DR4、DR5在细胞膜脂筏内组装为死亡诱导信号复合物(DISC);而诱骗受体DcR1和DcR2通过竞争结合TRAIL阻断凋亡.肺腺癌A549对TRAIL高度耐受,除DcR1外,MMP-2可能通过酶切跨膜型TRAIL的脱落而降低DISC组装,从而参与其耐药.阐明膜结合型TRAIL脱落机制可能为提高肺腺癌对TRAIL的敏感性提供新策略.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.