妊娠期病毒性肝炎对围产儿的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期病毒性肝炎对围产儿的影响。方法 测定４７名正常孕妇和４９５例病毒性肝炎孕妇所生新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分和出生时体重,并检测新生儿血清肝炎病毒标志。结果 肝炎孕妇所生新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分和出生时体重均显著低于对照组（均Ｐ〈０．０１）,急性肝炎孕妇所生新生儿１ｍｉｎ Ａｐｇａｒ评分和出生时体重均显著低于乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）携带和慢性肝炎组（均Ｐ〈０．０１）,甲型肝炎未见宫内感染。ＨＢＶ,     

巨噬细胞集落刺激因子与胎儿出生体重的关系

用酶联免疫双抗体平心（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法对２５例晚期妊孕妇血浆及其中８例脐血浆、９例羊水中的巨噬３细胞集落刺激因子（Ｍ－ＣＳＦ）浓度进行测定。结果显示,母血中Ｍ－ＣＳＦ浓度显著高于脐血浆（Ｐ〈０．０５）,两者之间无相关性,羊水中Ｍ－ＣＳＦ浓度显著高于母血（Ｐ〈０．００１）,羊水及母血中Ｍ－ＣＳＦ浓度均与新生儿出生体重呈正相关（Ｐ均〈０．０１）,脐血中Ｍ－ＣＳＦ浓度与新生儿现血体重无相关性（Ｐ〉０．０５     

川芎嗪对冠心病患者脂质过氧化作用及血液流变学的影响

对４２例冠心病患者应用川芎嗪治疗前后的血清脂蛋白代谢、过氧化脂质、抗氧化酶活性及血液流变学进行了对照观察。结果表明：①血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、（ＬＤＬ＋ＶＬＤＬ）－Ｃ值及ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１，Ｐ〈０．０５），而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ则显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）；②ＭＤＡ水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＳＯＤ及ＧＡＴ活性明显提高（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１）；③血浆粘度、红细胞压积和纤维蛋白原均降低     

促肝肽治疗肝硬化腹水机理探讨

目的 探讨促肝细胞生长素颗粒剂（促肝肽）治疗肝硬化腹水的机理。方法 采用放射免疫方法测定前后血浆醛固酮的含量及临床生化指标并对比观察。结果 治疗后血浆醛固酮含量明显下降（由３７８．５４ｐｇ／ｍｌ下降至１７０．７２ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ〈０．０５）,血清胆红素（ＳＢ）和丙氨酸换酶（ＡＬＴ）均显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清白蛋白含量明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,腹水消退迅速（腹水消退率达７２．２％）。结论 促肝细     

城乡维吾尔族及汉族围产期妇女和新生儿巨细胞病毒IgM的检测分析

用生物学－亲和素酶联免疫吸附试验（ＡＢＣ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）法对维吾尔族及汉族围产期妇女（简称围产妇）和新生儿血清进行巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）ＩｇＭ测定和关联分析。维吾尔族围产妇和新生儿感染率与汉族对应组存在显差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），新生儿ＣＭＶ特异性抗体检出率与围产妇近期高感染率密切相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。农村妊娠晚期妇女和新生儿ＣＭＶ的感染率均高于城市对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。研究结果提示：了解孕妇ＣＭＶ感     

肝硬化患者血清肿瘤坏死因子－α含量变化及意义

应用放免法测定５１例肝硬化患者血清肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦ－α）含量。结果表明：肝硬化患者血清ＴＮＦ－α明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且与血清总胆红质（ＢＩＬ）及转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），按Ｃｈｉｌｄ肝功能分级，Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ各级组血清ＴＮＦ－α含量依次递增，且各级组间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝硬化合并感染患者ＴＮＦ－α显著高于未感染者（Ｐ＜０．０１），且易发生肝─肾综合征（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

老年戊型肝炎患者NO及脂质过氧化的研究

目的 探讨老年戊型肝炎患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ与发病的关系。方法 采用Ｇｒｉｅｒｓ比色法测定ＮＯ,以ＴＢＡ法测定ＭＤＡ,以分光光度法测定ＳＯＤ。结果 老年戊型肝炎患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ浓度明显高于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＳＯＤ明显低于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。血清胆红素〉８５．５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ者表ＮＯ之间差异无显著性,而血清ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。发生重     

心理社会因素与肺癌关系的研究

本文使用性格，生活事件和社会支持三种调查表来观察心理社会因素与肺癌的关系，结果显示肺癌患者太阳性格分值高于正常人，（Ｐ〈０．０５），太阴性格分值低于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１），肺癌患者生活事件的频度与强度分值分别高于健康对照组和复治肺结核组（Ｐ〈０．０５），社会支持调查结果显示肺癌患者与各对照组间无均无统计学显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），本文研究结果表明性格，生活事件与肺癌存在的一定的联系。     

老年戊型矸炎患者血清NO及脂质过氧化的研究

目的：探讨老年戊型为患者血清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ与发病的关系。方法：采用Ｇｒｉｅｒｓ比色法测定怪ＴＢＡ法测定ＭＤＡ,以分光光度法测定ＳＯＤ。结果：老年戊型肝因清ＮＯ、ＭＤＡ深度明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,ＳＤ明显低于正常老年对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１５）,血清胆红素〉８５．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者与〈８５．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者血清ＮＯ之间差异无显著性,血清ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１）。发     

不同类型肝病中血清IV型胶原与层粘蛋白和透明质酸的比较 …

目的：研究血清Ⅳ型胶原在慢性肝病上的诊断价值并与血清层粘蛋白、透明质酸比较。方法：用放免法（ＲＩＡ）测定１１４例各种肝病患者及３０例正常对照者的血清Ⅳ型胶原、层粘蛋白和透明质酸的水平。结果：与正常对照比较慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌患者血清Ⅳ型胶原含量升高极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１），层粘蛋白和透明质酸含量亦显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。与慢性肝炎、肝硬化比较肝细胞癌患者血清中Ⅳ型胶原含量升高明显（Ｐ〈０．０     

Effect of smoking on neonatal and maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels

Maternal smoking is considered to be a risk factor for low birth weight. It is hypothesized that alteration in leptin concentration may be associated with reduced fetal growth. In this study, we assess the effect of smoking during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal serum leptin concentrations, and also on breast milk leptin levels. When the infants were brought to routine physical examination at 7 days old, blood samples and breast milk specimens were taken for leptin measurement from mothers who smoked during pregnancy and their newborns. Nonsmoking mothers and their infants were recruited randomly over the same period as a control group. Maternal age, number of pregnancy, weight of the mothers, birth weight, and gestational age of the infants were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels (p = 0.14 and p = 0.96, respectively). However, serum leptin levels were found significantly lower in neonates born to smoking mothers compared with infants born to nonsmoking mothers (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that maternal smoking dose not have an effect on maternal serum and breast milk leptin levels but decreases neonatal serum leptin concentration independent of birth weight.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者血生化指标及其对围产儿预后的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）患者血生化指标的变化及其对围产儿预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析十堰市妇幼保健院2013年1月～2015年1月产检并分娩的ICP孕妇102例临床资料,根据胆汁酸（TBA）或者甘胆酸（CG）水平将其分为轻度ICP组75例和重度ICP组27例;根据ICP发病孕周不同,分为早发型组（发病孕周<28 w）23例和晚发型组（发病孕周≥28 w）79例。选择同期正常妊娠孕妇50例作为健康孕妇。比较轻度ICP组、重度ICP组及健康孕妇血清TBA、CG及肝功能水平,分析ICP发生时间与病情严重程度的关系,观察各组围产期胎儿的结局。结果 轻度ICP组和重度ICP组血清TBA、AST、ALT、总胆红素、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平均明显高于健康孕妇（t=6.06～29.13,P<0.01）;重度ICP组上述指标也明显高于轻度ICP组（t=2.23～18.87,P<0.01）;早发型ICP组重度ICP发生率为47.8%,明显高于晚发型ICP组（20.3%,x2=6.96,P<0.01）;与健康孕妇比,轻度ICP组和重度ICP组分娩孕周、新生儿体质量、1分钟Apgar评分明显降低（t=2.63～10.52,P<0.01）,产后出血量明显增多（t=7.43,t=10.22,P<0.01）;重度ICP组分娩孕周为（36.2±1.7）w、新生儿体质量为（2876±115）g和1min Apgar评分为（7.86±0.60）,均明显低于轻度ICP组【（37.5±1.6）w、（3040±135）g和（9.02±0.58）,t=3.56～8.83,P<0.01】;轻度ICP组羊水污染率为25.3%,高于健康孕妇（10.0%,x2=6.96,P<0.01）,重度ICP组早产、羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、剖宫产和新生儿病死率分别为37.0%、40.7%、29.6%、63.0%和14.4%,明显高于健康孕妇（6.0%、10.0%、6.0%、16.0%和0.0%,x2=5.09～17.64,P<0.05或P<0.01）;重度ICP组早产、胎儿窘迫和剖宫产率分别为37.0%、29.6%和63.0%,明显高于轻度ICP组（16.0%、12.0%和26.7%,x2=4.44～11.31,P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 ICP的病重程度与发生时间、血清TBA、甘胆酸和肝功能等相关,增加围产儿风险并影响产儿生长发育。     

Effects of maternal obesity on fasting metabolism in newborn rats

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for subsequent fasting hypoglycemia in human infants after birth. To investigate further this problem, we employed an animal model of obesity to study neonatal extrauterine metabolic adaptations in pups of obese and lean rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 'cafeteria diet' to induce obesity prior to and during pregnancy. Prior to mating, the cafeteria fed rats were significantly heavier (449 v. 345 g, P less than 0.001) than the controls. Furthermore, weight gain during pregnancy and weight at term were also significantly greater in the obese rats even though they consumed less food during pregnancy. Pup weights and the number of pups per litter were similar between the two groups. Pups born to obese mothers demonstrated hypoglycemia after being fasted for 150 and 180 min when compared with control pups. Hepatic glycogen stores were increased in the fetus of pups born to obese mothers. Glycogen content in pups born to obese mothers declined minimally after birth and remained greater than hepatic glycogen values in control pups throughout the study. In addition to increased fetal storage of glycogen, fetal hepatic triglyceride content was augmented in pups of obese rats. These triglyceride stores declined and were mobilized during fasting after birth. In contrast, hepatic triglyceride content increased after birth among control rats. These results suggest that maternal obesity results in augmented fetal hepatic tissue stores of both glycogen and triglycerides. Hypoglycemia among pups of excessively obese mothers may be due to attenuated mobilization of hepatic glycogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

ALT异常对HBsAg阳性孕妇妊娠过程与结局的影响

目的探讨孕期异常的ALT对HBsAg阳性的孕妇妊娠并发症及妊娠结局的影响。方法将327例HB-sAg阳性孕妇根据孕期ALT水平分为ALT正常组（n=251）和ALT异常组（n=76）,比较两组的妊娠期并发症和最终的妊娠结局。结果与ALT正常组比较,ALT异常组早产、胎儿窘迫和产后出血发生率明显升高（P均〈0.05）;ALT异常组低体重儿发生率高于ALT正常组（P〈0.05）;ALT异常组所分娩新生儿体质量、胎龄、出生后1 min Ap-gar评分均低于ALT正常组（P均〈0.01）。结论 HBsAg阳性的孕妇若妊娠期出现ALT异常,更易增加妊娠期并发症并影响妊娠结局。     

Methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy and its health impact on neonates born at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

To ascertain the impact of intrauterine methamphetamine exposure on the overall health of newborn infants at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, birth records of somatic growth parameters and neonatal withdrawal symptoms of 47 infants born to methamphetamine-abusing women during January 2001 to December 2001 were compared to 49 newborns whose mothers did not use methamphetamines during pregnancy. The data on somatic growth was analyzed using linear regression and multiple linear regression. The association between methamphetamine use and withdrawal symptoms was analyzed using the chi-square. Home visitation and maternal interview records were reviewed in order to assess for child-rearing attitude, and psychosocial parameters. Infants of methamphetamine-abusing mothers were found to have a significantly smaller gestational age-adjusted head circumference (regression coefficient = -1.458, p < 0.001) and birth weight (regression coefficient = -217.9, p < or = 0.001) measurements. Methamphetamine exposure was also associated with symptoms of agitation (5/47), vomiting (11/47) and tachypnea (12/47) when compared to the non-exposed group (p < 0r =0.001). Maternal interviews were conducted in 23 cases and showed that: 96% of the cases had inadequate prenatal care (<5 visits), 48% had at least one parent involved in prostitution, 39% of the mothers were unwilling to take their children home, and government or non-government support were provided in only 30% of the cases. In-utero methamphetamine exposure has been shown to adversely effect somatic growth of newborns and cause a variety of withdrawal-like symptoms. These infants are also psychosocially disadvantaged and are at greater risk for abuse and neglect.     

Inverse relationship between cord blood adiponectin concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking is linked with several neonatal metabolic disorders. Adiponectin is an adipose-specific hormone with anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on cord blood adiponectin concentrations. METHODS: We evaluate the effect of maternal smoking on cord blood adiponectin concentrations comparing 14 full-term and seven preterm newborns born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy with 77 full-term and 10 preterm neonates born to non-smokers mothers. RESULTS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased adiponectin levels of preterm newborns (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings also reveal a significant relationship between the reported number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and cord blood adiponectin concentrations (p = 0.01), suggesting that this association could have a causal relationship.     

Maternal inflammatory bowel disease has short and long-term effects on the health of their offspring: A multicenter study in Israel

BackgroundThere are concerns about the effect of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) on fertility, pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, but no long-term data on the health of offspring born to IBD mothers. The aims were to assess the short- and long-term effects of maternal IBD on the morbidity and development of their offspring.MethodsFemale IBD patients and controls completed questionnaires on their pregnancy outcome, and their offspring's short- and long-term health and development.ResultsIBD and control mothers (159 and 175, respectively) were recruited. Medical data of 412 IBD and 417 control offspring were recorded. IBD mothers had significantly more singleton pregnancies, their offspring's birth weight was significantly lower, and they breastfed significantly less compared to controls (P = 0.028, 0.007, and < 0.0001, respectively). There were significantly more congenital anomalies (mainly limb deformities) among the IBD offspring (P < 0.035). Offspring born post-maternal IBD diagnosis, compared to pre-diagnosis, tended to have more neurodevelopmental problems (e.g., gross motor delay, P = 0.03). IBD was significantly more prevalent in the offspring of IBD mothers, while allergies and atopic dermatitis were more frequent in offspring of control mothers. More offspring of IBD mothers taking medications during pregnancy were born preterm and had lower birth weights compared to offspring of IBD mothers not taking medications during pregnancy. Children of mothers taking steroids had the lowest birth weights, compared to those of IBD mothers taking 5ASAs or immunomodulators.ConclusionsMaternal IBD affects pregnancy and the offspring's immediate and long-term morbidity, specifically, congenital anomalies and neurodevelopmental problems.     

Effect of maternal hyperthyroidism during late pregnancy on the risk of neonatal low birth weight

OBJECTIVE: Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy occurs with a prevalence of 0.05--0.2% and has been shown to affect neonatal outcomes. Fetal weight increases markedly during the third trimester of pregnancy. This retrospective study was performed to examine the effect of maternal hyperthyroidism during late pregnancy on neonatal birth weight (NBW). DESIGN: Medical and obstetric records of 293 pregnant women with present and past history of hyperthyroidism were retrospectively reviewed. PATIENTS: There were 188 records of 181 patients with adequate data for inclusion in the analysis. The patients were divided into two groups according to the maternal thyroid function during the third trimester of pregnancy: hyperthyroidism (HT; 35 cases) and euthyroidism (ET; 153 cases). MEASUREMENTS: Maternal thyroid function tests were periodically evaluated before and during the third trimester of pregnancy. Neonatal thyroid function tests and birth weight of the newborn infants were also assessed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of maternal age between HT and ET groups mean +/- SD (27.6 +/- 5.5 vs. 29.2 +/- 5.4 years). The NBW of the HT group was not significantly different from that of the ET group (2880 +/- 590 vs. 3019 +/- 426 g). However, the prevalence of infants with low birth weight (LBW) defined as NBW of lower than 2500 g in HT group was 22.9% which was significantly higher than the 9.8% in the ET group (P = 0.039, OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1--7.1) and 9.7% of infants born to healthy mothers at Siriraj Hospital (control group) between 1991 and 1995 (P = 0.01, OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.3--6.1). The 90% CI for the true difference between the prevalence of LBW infants born to ET and HT mothers was 0.7--25.4. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of LBW infants in ET and control groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that maternal hyperthyroidism during the third trimester of pregnancy was an independent factor associated with increased prevalence of LBW infants (P = 0.037, OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 1.1--15.0). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal hyperthyroidism during the third trimester of pregnancy independently increases the risk of low birth weight by 4.1-fold. Appropriate management of hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy is essential in the prevention of this undesirable neonatal outcome.     

Neonatal outcome following buprenorphine maintenance during conception and throughout pregnancy

Aims To assess the effects of maternal buprenorphine treatment at conception and during pregnancy on neonates in terms of birth outcomes and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Design and setting Prospective, open‐label, out‐patient maintenance, case report study, conducted at the drug addiction out‐patient clinic at the University Hospital Vienna. Participants Two buprenorphine‐maintained pregnant women who had conceived during buprenorphine treatment. Both patients had previously given birth to healthy neonates following induction on to buprenorphine maintenance therapy in the second trimester. Measurements Mothers: urinalysis. Neonates: gestational age at delivery, Apgar scores, birth weight, length and NAS (Finnegan Scale). Findings Urinalyses were negative for both women for 25 and 38 months, respectively, during the pregnancy period. There were no complications during the course of the pregnancy. The newborns delivered by both women were healthy, birth outcomes were within normal ranges and there were no NAS symptoms requiring treatment. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first report detailing the pregnancies of women treated with buprenorphine at the time of conception and investigated in a prospective study. The NAS noted in neonates born to buprenorphine‐maintained mothers appears to be less severe than the NAS observed in neonates born to methadone‐maintained mothers. These preliminary data indicate that, in our patient cohort, buprenorphine maintenance at the time of conception and during pregnancy did not seem to affect birth outcome measurements such as pregnancy complications, week of delivery, birth weight, length, umbilical pH or neurodevelopmental progress. Future prospective studies with larger study populations are warranted.