多学科协作干预对老年髋部骨折术后发生精神障碍的影响

[目的]探讨协作干预模式对老年髋部骨折术后发生急性精神障碍的影响。[方法]对296例老年髋部骨折病人进行护理评估,针对术后发生急性精神障碍的相关因素进行围术期多学科协作有预见性的综合干预。[结果]296例老年髋部骨折病人经多学科协作干预,术后发生精神障碍21例,发生率7.09%,且症状较轻。[结论]实施协作干预模式可有效降低老年髋部骨折病人术后急性精神障碍发生率。     

分析老年髋部骨折患者术后睡眠障碍的影响因素及护理策略

目的：分析老年髋部骨折患者术后睡眠障碍的影响因素及护理策略。方法：选取2020年1月至2022年6月福清市第三医院护理部收治的老年髋部骨折手术患者100例作为研究对象,根据睡眠障碍发生情况分为睡眠障碍组与非睡眠障碍组,按照护理方式的不同分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组合并睡眠障碍的发生并给予多维度强化护理干预,观察组回顾性分析老年髋部骨折手术患者临床资料,利用Logistic回归分析法确定老年髋部骨折患者术后睡眠障碍独立危险因素。结果：观察组合并睡眠障碍的患者有32例,老年髋部骨折患者术后睡眠障碍总发生率32.00%;单因素与多因素分析结果显示老年髋部骨折患者术后睡眠障碍独立危险因素有疼痛程度高、全麻、焦虑、抑郁、营养障碍、精神障碍、病房环境喧闹、制动时间≥42 h.并发症>2种;对照组睡眠障碍发生率16.00%、疼痛评分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分、睡眠质量评分均低于观察组(P<0.05),生命质量评分显著高于观察组(P<0.05)。结论：老年髋部骨折患者易受多种因素影响并出现睡眠障碍,给予患者多维度强化护理服务,可在一定程度上规避术后睡眠障碍影响因素,减...     

多学科合作模式对老年髋部骨折患者术后并发精神障碍中的应用

探讨多学科合作模式在老年患者髋部骨折患者术后并发精神障碍中的应用方法。组成以骨科与老年病科、疼痛科、营养科和神经内科等医护人员为主的多学科合作小组,对2011年5月-2014年5月收治的38例老年髋部骨折患者术后采用多学科的合作模式进行综合治疗和护理。38例老年髋部骨折患者术后并发精神障碍经多学科合作综合护理干预,所有患者症状消失,康复出院。多学科合作进行干预在老年髋部骨折患者术后并发精神障碍的治疗和护理中起到了重要的作用。     

日常生活活动能力评分对老年髋部骨折患者术后1年生存率的影响

目的:探讨日常生活活动能力评分对老年髋部骨折患者术后1年生存率的影响。方法:对92例老年髋部骨折手术治疗患者术前采用日常生活活动能力量表进行评估,并在术后1年内进行随访观察,分析患者术后1年生存率。采用Logistic回归方程分析老年髋部骨折患者术后1年生存率的影响因素。结果:92例患者中有83例正常生存,9例死亡,术后1年生存率为90.22%。年龄及术前生活能力评分是影响老年髋部骨折患者术后1年生存率的重要因素,高龄是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年存率的危险因素,术前生活能力评分60分是老年髋部骨折患者术后1年生存率的保护因素。结论:对老年髋部骨折患者术前采用日常生活活动能力量表进行评估,可有效掌握患者生活能力情况,同时可提高患者术后1年生存率。     

老年髋部骨折152例术后并发精神障碍的预防及护理

目的探讨老年髋部骨折术后并发精神障碍的预防及护理的经验。方法回顾总结152例老年髋部骨折术后的临床资料,观察对老年髋部骨折术后采取心理护理及围手术期严密监测的效果。结果 152例患者,只有术后11例老年患者出现并发精神障碍,且经过我们细心护理,患者5~7 d症状消失,无后遗症状。结论加强对老年髋部骨折术后患者的心理护理及围手术期严密监测,减少术后并发精神障碍的概率。     

老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生情况,并对其影响因素进行分析。方法选取老年髋部骨折206例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将其分为手术治疗组(151例)和保守治疗组(55例)两组,比较两组出院后1年对侧髋部再骨折发生情况,并对老年髋部骨折151例手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生的可能影响因素进行单因素和多元Logistic回归分析。结果出院后1年,手术治疗组对侧髋部再骨折发生率15.89%(24/151)低于保守治疗组对侧髋部再骨折发生率29.09%(16/55),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、骨质疏松程度、手术时机、合并基础疾病、术后卧床时间、术后功能锻炼及锻炼依从性是影响老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生的因素(P0.05或P0.01)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁、重度骨质疏松、合并基础疾病、未术后功能锻炼及锻炼依从性差是影响老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生的独立危险因素(P0.01)。结论老年髋部骨折经手术治疗较保守治疗发生对侧髋部再骨折的概率低。年龄≥70岁、重度骨质疏松、合并基础疾病、未术后功能锻炼及锻炼依从性差是影响老年髋部骨折患者手术治疗后对侧髋部再骨折发生的独立危险因素。     

痴呆对老年髋部骨折预后影响及老年髋部骨折预后危险因素分析

目的探讨痴呆对老年髋部骨折预后影响及老年髋部骨折预后危险因素。方法选取老年髋部骨折521例作为研究对象,根据术前认知功能状态将其分为痴呆组和非痴呆组两组,痴呆组49例,非痴呆组472例;根据术后1年随访结局将其分为病死组和存活组,病死组103例,存活组418例。分析比较患者一般数据、术中情况、住院期间并发症、术后1年病死率及独立生活能力等,并对老年髋部骨折术后1年内死亡的危险因素进行分析。结果本研究老年髋部骨折合并痴呆患者占老年髋部骨折患者的9. 4%。与非痴呆组比较,痴呆组≥80岁、其他神经系统合并症、全身麻醉、呼吸系统并发症、脑卒中及谵妄发生率较高,住院时间较长,围手术期及术后1年病死率较高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁、男性、痴呆、心血管系统合并症、呼吸系统合并症、合并症≥3项及美国麻醉协会麻醉(ASA)分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级是老年髋部骨折术后1年内死亡的危险因素。多因素Logistic回归分析显示仅有呼吸系统合并症、合并症≥3项及ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级是老年髋部骨折术后1年内死亡的独立危险因素。结论痴呆在老年髋部骨折人群中发病率较高。与非痴呆老年髋部骨折患者相比,老年髋部骨折合并痴呆患者住院时间长、术后并发症多,且病死率高。呼吸系统合并症、合并症≥3项及ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级是老年髋部骨折术后1年内死亡的独立危险因素。     

老年患者髋部手术后并发精神障碍的临床分析

回顾性分析2005年1月～2011年1月我院收治的118例老年患者髋部手术后部分并发精神障碍患者的临床资料,其中15例出现精神障碍。结果经及时治疗与护理,所有病例精神症状消失,出院后随访6个月无复发。年龄因素、麻醉、疼痛、手术创伤、术中失血、水电解质紊乱、酸碱失衡等均与精神障碍的发生有关。临床早期发现引起精神障碍的原因并积极治疗,对患者的术后恢复有重要作用。     

老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折的危险因素。方法选取60例老年髋部初次骨折术后康复患者为非骨折组,同期60例髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折患者为骨折组。对比两组年龄、骨质疏松、术后功能锻炼、医疗依从性与合并内科疾病情况。分析老年髋部骨折术后对侧髋部再骨折的危险因素。结果两组年龄、骨质疏松、术后功能锻炼、依从性、合并内科疾病及髋关节Harris评分比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组性别、固定方式、骨折类型及卧床时间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。高龄、骨质疏松、合并内科疾病、康复功能锻炼、依从性及Harris评分是导致老年髋部骨折患者术后髋部再骨折的危险因素。结论高龄、骨质疏松症、合并其它内科疾病、康复性锻炼、依从性及Harris评分是导致髋部骨折老年患者术后髋部再骨折的高危因素,临床应加以重视,并及时干预,改善老年髋部骨折患者术后康复质量。     

早期离床坐护理干预对老年髋部骨折术后患者卧床并发症的效果观察

目的探讨早期离床坐护理干预对老年髋部骨折术后患者并发症的影响。方法回顾2011年1月-2012年6月入住我院骨科老年髋部骨折行手术治疗患者122例,其中在术前或术后,存在或出现并发症的36例患者为对照组,对照组术后常规指导早期床上功能锻炼。将2013年1月-2014年6月入住我院骨科老年髋部骨折行手术治疗患者108例,其中在术前或术后存在或出现并发症的30例患者为观察组,观察组在对照组功能锻炼基础上给予早期离床坐护理干预。结果观察组对治疗及预防老年髋部骨折术后患者坠积性肺炎、腹胀、便秘等并发症效果明显,较对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论早期离床坐护理干预可有效降低及预防老年髋部骨折术后患者并发症,促进康复。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.