非扩髓型交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折疗效分析

目的评估非扩髓型交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法回顾分析2003年1月—2009年6月应用非扩髓型交锁髓内钉内固定方法治疗胫骨开放性骨折170例的临床资料。结果平均随访14.2个月,平均骨折愈合时间26周,采用Johner-Wruh评分标准,优132例,良22例,中6例,差10例,骨折全部愈合,感染10例,无骨髓炎和内固定物折断发生。结论非扩髓型交锁髓内钉在治疗胫骨开放性骨折中具有操作简单,损伤小,固定确定,感染率低,有利于骨折愈合等优点,是一种疗效满意的内固定方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗成人胫骨骨折的体会

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的方法。方法:2007年3月～2010年8月经冶42例胫骨骨折,均采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定,置入主钉后视骨折端情况,对B型骨折骨折抉超过胫骨周径1/3且明显分离移位病例,取胫骨干骺端扩髓时提取的松质骨予有限切开复位植骨。对开放性骨折予彻底清创,使用抗生素3天～5天后以不扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定。结果:42例均获随访,随访时间12m～6m,平均13.5m,其中两胫骨延迟愈合改静力交锁为动力交锁,6个月后愈合。术后1年无骨不连、无感染及断钉发生,按Johner-Wruh评分标准:优29例,良11例,可2例,优良率95.24%。结论:交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折,是一种良好的治疗方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折80例临床体会

目的报告交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床应用体会。方法胫骨骨折80例,按AO骨折分型法,A型35例,B型33例,C型12例。采用闭合插钉或小切口切开复位、交锁髓内钉内固定治疗。新鲜骨折不扩髓,陈旧性骨折采用扩髓方法。结果全部病例均获随访,平均随访5年6个月,骨折愈合68例,延迟愈合12例。术中大隐静脉损伤6例,术后关节疼痛7例。结论应用交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折需掌握好适应症,并进行准确的锁定,可早期动力化。     

非扩髓交锁内固定与外支架固定治疗急诊GustiloⅡ型开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效对比

目的比较非扩髓交锁内固定与外支架固定治疗GustiloⅡ型急诊开放性胫骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2015年1月至2017年1月收治的40例GustiloⅡ急诊开放性胫骨骨折的患者,全部患者均行急诊手术。将其按随机数字表法,分为观察组和对照组,各20例。观察组采用非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定手术治疗,对照组应用外固定支架固定治疗。记录比较两组围手术期、随访和影像资料指标,对比两组患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者均顺利结束治疗。观察组骨折临床愈合时间为9～26周,平均11周,1例延迟愈合,1例畸形愈合。对照组骨折临床愈合时间为10～40周,平均14周,3例延迟愈合,其中1例发生钉道感染;1例发生畸形愈合。两组间骨折临床愈合时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率为10%,低于对照组的20%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非扩髓交锁髓内钉固定治疗GustiloⅡ型急诊开放性胫骨骨折较外支架固定骨折愈合更快,且不增加术后临床并发症发生率。     

交锁髓内钉治疗复杂开放性胫骨骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗复杂开放性胫骨骨折的手术技术及疗效，分析影响手术效果的因素。方法我院于2001年1月～2005年12月间行交锁髓内钉固定治疗复杂开放性胫骨骨折40例，骨折按Gustilo分类法分类，其中ⅢA型28例，ⅢB型12例。I期急诊手术清创AO非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨开放骨折28例；先行急诊清创缝合、跟骨牵引，1周内交锁髓内钉内固定手术12例。结果本组病例平均随访1．5年，胫骨骨折均愈合。按照Punor标准，优良率达75％（30例）。术后出现骨筋膜间隔综合征1例、创面轻度感染2例、转移皮瓣部分坏死1例、近端或远端交锁锁钉断钉松动2例、膝前疼痛5例，无骨不连发生、缩短畸形及螺旋畸形。结论交锁髓内钉固定可提高牢靠的固定，减少并发症，改善关节功能，是治疗复杂开放性胫骨骨折的有效治疗方法，但需正确地掌握手术指征及手术技术。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的临床观察

目的观察交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折中的治疗效果。方法对37例胫骨骨折采用交锁髓内钉治疗,开放性骨折8例采用非扩髓髓内钉,闭合性骨折29例采用有限扩髓髓内钉。结果37例得到随访,骨折全部愈合,骨折愈合时间12—34周,按Johner-Wruh评定标准,优13例,良4例,一般2例,优良率94．6％。无锁钉及髓内钉松动、断裂,膝踝关节功能正常。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折具有创伤小、固定牢靠、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、感染率低等优点,是一种较好的内固定方法。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折的方法和疗效。方法以扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折52例,均采用小切口开放复位静力型内固定术。结果经6个月～2年的随访,骨折愈合49例,骨折延期愈合2例,骨折端轻度成角畸形1例。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折有良好的力学特性和固定作用,具有创伤小、并发症少、骨折愈合快和能早期活动等优点．是治疗胫骨骨折的理想内固定方法。     

非扩髓型胫骨交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折21例临床分析

采用AO非扩髓胫骨交锁髓内钉(UTN)及非扩髓固定技术治疗开放性胫骨骨折21例。结果骨折均一期愈合。无骨不连、骨髓炎及内固定物折断发生。非扩髓髓内钉治疗胫骨开放性骨折操作简单、损伤小、感染率低，有利于骨折的愈合。     

交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折中的临床应用

目的：探讨交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折中的临床应用。方法：应用交锁钉治疗胫骨骨折125例，分别采取切开或闭合复位，动力型或静力型内固定，扩髓或不扩髓等方法。结果：全组获半年随访98例，一年随访50例，仅3例发生并发症，1例因术后感染被迫于2个月后取出交锁钉，2例因延期愈合于4个月后改为动力型固定，其余随访者全部愈合，术后无1例出现功能障碍。结论：目前，交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折是一种理想的内固定方式。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折

目的：评价交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折的初步疗效。方法：运用交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折45例，其中胫腓骨骨折40例，单纯胫骨骨折5例（双侧胫骨骨折1例）。开放性骨折27例。闭合复位穿钉固定26例，切开复位穿钉固定20例。均行扩髓作静力固定。结果：术后随访6－24个月，X光片显示骨折愈合，平均愈合时间为6个月，无感染。结论：静力型交锁髓内钉固定适合任何类型胫腓骨骨折，无须常规转为动力型固定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.