Comparison of risk behaviors and socio-cultural profile of men who have sex with men survey respondents recruited via venues and the internet

Background  

Increasingly more men who have sex with men (MSM) are using the internet to seek sex partners, and many HIV-related studies targeting MSM collect data from gay venues in order to inform the design of prevention programs. However, internet-based MSM may have different HIV risk behaviors and associated factors from those attending venues. This study examined differences in risk behaviors and socio-cultural profiles between MSM recruited from venues (e.g., gay bars/saunas) and from the internet respectively.     

Sexual identities and sexual health within the Celtic nations: An exploratory study of men who have sex with men recruited through social media

ABSTRACT

Associations of sexual identity with a range of sexual and sexual health behaviours were investigated amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Data from 1816 MSM recruited from 4 Celtic nations (Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland) were collected via a cross-sectional online survey advertised via social media. About 18.3% were non-gay identified MSM (NGI-MSM). In the last year, 30% of NGI-MSM reported high-risk unprotected anal intercourse and 45% reported never having had an sexually transmitted infection (STI) test. When compared to MSM who were gay identified (GI-MSM), NGI-MSM were more likely to be older, have a female partner, fewer sex partners, fewer anal sex partners, STI diagnoses and less likely to be HIV positive, more likely to never use the gay scene and be geographically further from a gay venue. NGI-MSM were also less likely to report STI and HIV testing behaviours. The findings highlight variations in risk by sexual identities, and unmet sexual health needs amongst NGI-MSM across Celtic nations. Innovative research is required regarding the utility of social media for reaching populations of MSM and developing interventions which target the heterogeneity of MSM and their specific sexual health needs.     

A Comparative Analysis of Behaviors and Sexual Affiliation Networks among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, men who have sex with men (MSM) account for a significant proportion of HIV infections. While perceived as a hidden population, they constitute a distinct social network shaped by their differential use of unique channels for sex partnership. To characterize their pattern of connectivity and association with high-risk sexual behaviors, 311 MSM were recruited via saunas and the internet to participate in a questionnaire survey. Internet recruits were younger, and many (31/43) were solely reliant on the internet to seek sex partners, while visiting a similar number of venues as the sauna recruits (p = 0.98). Internet users generally had a high frequency of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). MSM who had visited only a single venue reported more UAI with their regular partners (adjusted OR 6.86, 1.88–24.96) and sought fewer casual partners than those frequenting multiple venues (adjusted OR 0.33, 0.19–0.60). This study provides evidence for the heterogeneity of the sexual affiliation networks of MSM in Hong Kong. High HIV risk of UAI could be offset by fewer casual partners in certain venues, the implications of which would need to be explored in longitudinal studies. Methodologically, internet sampling was very efficient in identifying sex networking venues, while internet recruits gave a high retention rate for updating profiles. However, sampling at high centrality saunas did not necessarily identify the MSM-affiliating venues in the networks efficiently. The sampling strategy of MSM survey should therefore be objective-driven, which may differ for health message dissemination and social marketing, versus HIV surveillance or risk assessment.     

以互联网为最主要性交往途径的男男性行为者 HIV/AIDS相关性行为研究

目的 研究以互联网为最主要性交往途径的男男性行为者(MSM)HIV/AIDS 相关性行为.方法 采用定向抽样("滚雪球")法,对9城市MSM开展横断面匿名问卷调查,使用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析.结果 对瓦联网问题应答者2178名.是否以互联网为最主要性交往途径者分别占45.6%和54.4%.73.1%的MSM曾登陆过男同性爱者(gay)相关网站,登陆者中83.0%曾通过gay网站寻找性伴,其中91.7%曾与gay网友见面并性交过.互联网组MSM近6个月同性性伴总数及口交、主动肛交和被动肛交性伴数分别为5.73个、5.13个、4.67个和3.51个,均明显少于非互联网组的10.3个、8.71个、8.26个和6.06个(P值均＜0.01);互联网组MSM近一年曾有同性群交应答百分比为16.7%,明显低于非互联网组的20.5%(P＜0.01).互联网组MSM曾口交、肛交、近6个月有肛交及有固定性伴者应答百分比分别为94.7%、95.1%、83.4%和52.6%,均明显高于非互联网组的89.6%、86.5%、75.5%和46.7%(P值均＜0.01);互联网组MSM近一年参与同性指交、有出血性交及去异地性交者应答百分比分别为52.2%、36.4%和28.1%,均明显高于非互联网组的38.5%、21.9%和22.7%(P值均＜0.01),其中曾有过同性出血性交OR值最高,为2.04(1.68～2.47).结论 互联网的利用对MSM人群HIV/AIDS相关性行为有双晕影响.应充分利用gay网站对MSM进行健康教育和HIV/AIDS干预.     

昆明市男男性接触者不同场所活动人群危险性行为状况分析

目的评估不同活动场所中男男性接触人群安全性行为状况、干预工作的成效及确定干预工作的重点。方法以面对面访问的方式对昆明市经常到公园、酒吧、浴室以及通过志愿者网络对较少到公共场所活动的男男性接触者进行艾滋病相关行为监测调查。结果4类被调查人群中6个月内肛交性伴情况为：浴室人群的性伴人数最多,2005年中位数是4.33,2006年是3.95;其次为公园人群,2005年是2.74,2006年是3.55。酒吧人群的性伴人数最少,2005年是2.52,2006年是1.70。男男性接触人群6个月内安全套使用率2005年为44.9%,2006年为51.1%。结论经常到浴室、公园以及较少到公共场所活动的男男性接触者具有较多的性伴和较高的性行为频度,是值得关注的人群。安全套使用虽有逐年上升的趋势,但仍较低,应分人群对安全套使用影响因素进行研究,以制定更加有效的干预策略。     

浙江省男男性行为人群网络临时性伴的知情交友状况分析

目的 分析浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的HIV感染状况知情交友（知情交友）状况及相关因素,为干预措施制定提供参考依据。方法 2018年6-12月在杭州市、宁波市、温州市、台州市和绍兴市,由社会组织和自愿咨询与检测门诊招募符合研究对象标准的MSM,招募样本量为793人。采用自行设计问卷,采用面对面方式问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识、性行为、知情交友行为等信息。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在MSM 767人中,最近6个月发生网络临时性行为302人,发生网络型临时性行为、网络/场所混合型临时性行为者分别占62.6%（189/302）和37.4%（113/302）。在网络临时性伴的知情交友中,已告知、已询问和已知晓者分别占54.6%（165/302）、49.2%（146/297）和42.9%（82/191）,知晓网络临时性伴HIV阴性状况后坚持使用安全套者占75.8%（113/149）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近6个月网络临时性伴的知情交友中未询问的相关因素包括年龄25~34岁（aOR=2.17,95%CI：1.20~3.91）、最近6个月网络临时性伴数>2个（aOR=2.13,95%CI：1.27~3.57）、不认为网络临时性伴HIV感染风险较高（aOR=1.96,95%CI：1.14~3.35）、既往HIV检测数>1次（aOR=0.38,95%CI：0.22~0.66）。结论 浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的知情交友的意愿较高,但知情交友行为及知晓对方HIV检测结果的比例较低,针对MSM的网络临时性伴较多、认为网络临时性伴感染风险低和HIV检测次数较少者,需加强健康教育和促进知情交友的行为干预。     

Serosorting sexual partners and risk for HIV among men who have sex with men

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to assess whether men who have sex with men (MSM) who limit their unprotected anal sexual partners to those who are of the same HIV status (serosort) differ in their risk for HIV transmission than MSM who do not serosort. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys administered at a large Gay Pride festival in June 2006 (80% response rate) were collected from MSM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of serosorting. Analyses were conducted in 2006. RESULTS: Participants were self-identified as HIV-negative MSM (N=628); about one third of them engaged in serosorting (n=229). Men who serosort were more likely to believe that it offered protection against HIV transmission, perceived themselves as being at no relatively higher risk for HIV transmission, and had more unprotected anal intercourse partners. Over half the sample reported their frequency of HIV testing as yearly or less frequently; this finding did not differ between serosorters and nonserosorters. CONCLUSIONS: Men who identify as HIV-negative and serosort are no more likely to know their HIV status than men who do not serosort and are at higher risk for exposure to HIV. Interventions targeting MSM must address the limitations of serosorting.     

HIV阳性男男性行为者对男性固定性伴性传播危险分析

目的 了解有高危性行为的HIV阳性男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men,MSM）对男性固定性伴的性传播危险状况,探讨对固定性伴性传播危险相关联的因素。方法 采用滚雪球抽样方法,在上海和成都市招募有高危性行为的HIV阳性MSM作为研究对象,运用匿名方式,进行一对一问卷调查。结果 研究对象中,最近6个月对男性固定性伴有性传播危险的比例为26.9%（83/308）;多因素分析显示,确认HIV感染时间<1年者对男性固定性伴传播危险,分别是HIV感染确认时间在1～2年和≥3年者的3倍（OR=0.34,95%CI：0.15～0.79）和6倍（OR=0.17,95%CI：0.06～0.49）;将HIV感染状况告知全部男性固定性伴的调查对象,对男性固定性伴的传播危险是全部未告知者的1/25（OR=0.04,95%CI：0.01～0.13）;家人知晓HIV感染状况者对男性固定性伴传播危险降低到1/4（OR=0.24,95%CI：0.10～0.55）;通过互联网寻找性伴者对男性固定性伴的传播危险是其它途径的3倍（OR=0.33,95%CI：0.14～0.78）。结论 HIV阳性MSM与男性固定性伴间存在的性传播危险可能加速HIV在MSM人群中的扩散。强化性伴告知、及早抗病毒治疗及新媒体干预等方法可望发挥遏制HIV继续传播的作用。     

男男性行为人群通过互联网寻找性伴行为及其影响因素分析

目的 了解男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men, MSM）通过互联网寻找性伴的现状及其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样的方法对四川省德阳、宜宾和西昌3个城市MSM进行自填式问卷调查,采用二分类非条件logistic回归对该人群通过互联网寻找性伴的行为进行影响因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入调查对象1 117例,调查对象以35岁以下青壮年、未婚、较低文化程度、同性性取向为主,79.1%的调查对象报告通过互联网寻找性伴。logistic回归显示,未婚（OR = 3.469, 95% CI: 1.948～6.177）、高中以上文化程度（OR = 2.077, 95% CI: 1.268～3.403）、月收入＜3 000（OR = 1.816, 95% CI: 1.060～3.111）、初次性行为年龄＜18岁（OR = 3.102, 95% CI: 1.437～6.694）、近12月性伴数量≥3（OR = 2.218, 95% CI: 1.418～3.471）及发生过群交性行为（OR = 3.121, 95% CI: 1.233～7.901）是MSM互联网寻找性伴的影响因素。结论 MSM通过互联网寻找性伴的比例较高,且通过互联网寻找性伴使MSM面临更大风险,可通过互联网及社交软件对该人群进行针对性干预,以降低其性传播疾病和艾滋病感染风险。     

HIV Infection and Sexual Behaviors Among Non-Commercial Men Who Have Sex with Men at Different Venues

The prevalence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased rapidly in China. Previous studies suggested that some venue-specific characteristics could significantly affect MSM’s sexual behaviors that were related to HIV transmission. Thus, to compare the HIV infection rates and related risky sexual behaviors among MSM at different venues, we conducted a cross-sectional study with time-location sampling in Shenzhen, China. Among the 801 MSM recruited in the study, 7.0 % (n = 56) were found to be HIV positive, with 0.9 % of MSM at bars (BMSM), 3.5 % of MSM at suburban recreational centers (RMSM), 8.1 % of MSM at saunas (SMSM), 9.3 % of MSM at parks (PMSM), and 10.1 % of MSM at dorm-based venues (DMSM). HIV infection was significantly more prevalent in MSM in dorm-based venues, parks, and saunas than in other venues. Compared to MSM in other venues, BMSM were more likely to be single, drug and alcohol users, but less likely to be HIV and syphilis positive. More PMSM reported having unprotected anal intercourse with other men while more SMSM reported having multiple male sex partners and more RMSM had a low level of HIV-related knowledge. The results indicated that MSM frequenting different venues were inconsistent with regards to demographic characteristics, HIV and syphilis infection rates, and risky sexual behaviors. Greater efforts are needed to develop intervention strategies that target specific venues and risky behaviors.     

青岛市2016年部分高校学生男男性行为者性伴状况研究

目的 了解高校学生MSM性伴相关状况,分析其寻找性伴的相关因素,为开展高校艾滋病预防干预工作提供参考。方法 依托青岛市MSM民间组织的艾滋病自愿咨询检测点,2016年10月采用滚雪球法招募青岛市部分高校学生MSM,按照现况调查估算样本量为267人,采用自填式问卷调查,收集其人口学特征、性伴状况等信息,采用SPSS 17.0软件统计分析调查内容。结果 共招募304名高校学生MSM,完成调查300名,来自24所高校,平均年龄20.7岁,同性性伴主要为熟人,第1个同性性伴和最近1个同性性伴为熟人的分别占58.7%（176/300）和62.3%（187/300）。通过互联网来寻找性伴占86.0%（258/300）。喜欢选择男性作为性伴占88.3%（265/300）,喜欢选择在校就读学生作为性伴占42.7%（128/300）。结论 高校学生MSM主要通过互联网寻找性伴,同性性伴主要为熟人,喜欢选择男性在校学生作为同性性伴。艾滋病防治工作应该关注高校学生人群MSM及其性健康。     

Differences in substance use and sexual partnering between men who have sex with men, men who have sex with men and women and transgender women

Men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with men and women (MSM/W) and transgender women (TGW) remain the populations most severely and disproportionately impacted upon by HIV in Los Angeles County. Baseline data from community-based HIV-prevention programmes serving these populations were analysed to explore differences in demographic characteristics, substance use and sexual partnering between the three groups. Despite high HIV prevalence overall (MSM 34.7% versus MSM/W 16.1% versus TGW 21.9%, p < .001), there were striking differences in risk behaviours. Higher rates of homelessness were reported by MSM/W compared to MSM and TGW. Lower rates of education and less substance use were reported by TGW (62.2%), compared to MSM (79.7%) and MSM/W (92.6%). A much higher number of male sexual exchange partners were reported by TGW (MSM 1.04 [SD = 4.8] versus MSM/W 1.54 [SD = 10.3] versus TGW 12.37 [SD = 23.9], p < .001). Findings support the need for HIV-prevention interventions that specifically address the unique risk patterns among each population in order to curb HIV acquisition and transmission.     

Online Sex-Seeking, Substance Use, and Risky Behaviors in Taiwan: Results from the 2010 Asia Internet MSM Sex Survey

We conducted an online behavioral survey to estimate the prevalence of online sex-seeking and substance use behaviors and to compare risky behaviors among men using different venues to seek sex with men. A cross-sectional online survey, the Asia Internet MSM Sex Survey, was conducted online from January 1 to February 28, 2010. Of the 1,645 participants enrolled from Taiwan, 72.4% reported the Internet as the main way of seeking sexual partners, 73.9% had had sex with partners found online, and 16% had used recreational drugs in the previous 6 months. There was no evidence to suggest that men who looked for sex through the Internet were more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse with their casual partners than those using other gay venues. Having had online sex partners in the previous 6 months was significantly associated with being young [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99], having had no steady partners in the previous year (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15–0.39), having had more than five partners in the previous 6 months (AOR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.95–7.11), having used recreational drugs in the previous 6 months (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.30–3.87), and having had an STI in the previous 6 months (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.59–11.30). In conclusion, because the Internet is a popular meeting place for MSM in Taiwan, effective and targeted prevention programs should be developed to minimize the HIV transmission risk in the Internet era.     

Differential HIV risk in bathhouses and public cruising areas

OBJECTIVES: This report investigates differences in risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) who went to gay bathhouses, public cruising areas, or both. METHODS: We used a probability sample of MSM residing in 4 US cities (n = 2,881). RESULTS: Men who used party drugs and had unprotected anal intercourse with nonprimary partners were more likely to go to sex venues than men who did not. Among attendees, MSM who went to public cruising areas only were least likely, and those who went to both public cruising areas and bathhouses were most likely to report risky sex in public settings. CONCLUSIONS: Distinguishing between sex venues previously treated as a single construct revealed a significant association between pattern of venue use and sexual risk. Targeting HIV prevention in the bathhouses would reach the segment of men at greatest risk for HIV transmission.     

Attitudes toward online HIV/sexually-transmitted infection prevention programs and Internet user profiles among men who have sex with men

Objectives

To describe the attitudes of men who have sex with men (MSM) toward online HIV/sexually-transmitted infection (STI) prevention programs and to identify and characterize user profiles with regard to their attitudes toward online prevention programs.

Method

A survey in gay venues or via the internet was completed by 2,044 participants from Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and San Sebastián (Spain). The survey explored socio-demographic variables, sexual behavior and other risk behaviors associated with HIV infection, as well as attitudes toward online prevention programs. The statistical analysis included factor analysis and non-hierarchical cluster analysis.

Results

Most MSM had positive attitudes towards online HIV/STI prevention programs. Factor analysis revealed two factors: online prevention aimed at interaction and online prevention aimed at information. Based on these factors, three user profiles were identified: users oriented toward informative and interactive online prevention (53.5%), users oriented toward interactive online prevention (25.9%) and users were not oriented toward online prevention (20.7%). On characterizing these profiles, we observed a significant presence of men who were not interested in online prevention among those with a lower educational level, bisexual men and HIV-positive men. Conversely, those most receptive to online prevention were men self-identified as gay, those with a bachelors degree, those who had been tested for HIV and those who were HIV-negative.

Conclusion

The internet can facilitate sexual health promotion among MSM. Characterization of user profiles offers the possibility of segmenting prevention programs and of combining online and offline strategies.     

重庆地区男男性行为人群多性伴行为特征及影响因素

目的  了解重庆地区艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)阴性多性伴肛交(≥5人)男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)的人口学和性行为特征及其影响因素。 方法  从2018年6月至2019年6月, 招募重庆地区319名HIV阴性MSM, 收集其人口学特征、近半年内安全套使用率、是否感染性病、性角色、药物滥用史、是否服用过暴露后预防(post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP)药物、是否关注HIV知识和是否服用过暴露前预防(pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP)药物等信息。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析MSM人群多性伴肛交的影响因素。 结果  319名HIV阴性MSM中, 34.5%(110/319)近6个月内性伴人数≥5人; 110名多性伴MSM中, 63.6%(70/110)年龄≤28岁, 75.4%(83/110)学历为大学本科或大专; 50名报告情感状况的MSM中, 72.0%(36/50)为单身。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示, 服用过PEP药物和经常关注HIV知识是MSM多性伴肛交的主要影响因素。 结论  重庆地区HIV阴性MSM人群普遍存在多性伴肛交现象。应加大对MSM人群, 尤其是低龄MSM人群, HIV防治知识的宣教力度。在推广PrEP和PEP在MSM人群中的使用时, 应警惕其相关风险补偿。     

The Characteristics and Risk Factors of Web-Based Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Eastern China: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundFinding casual sex partners on the internet has been considered a huge challenge for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the characteristics and risk factors of finding causal sex partners on the internet among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled by 4 community-based organizations (CBOs) and 10 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) clinics through advertisements in bathrooms, bars, and gay hook-up apps from June to December 2018. A CBO- or physician-assisted survey was conducted to collected information on finding casual sex partners, perceived HIV infection, and HIV risk behaviors.ResultsAmong 767 participants, 310 (40.4%) reported finding causal sex partners on the internet. Factors associated with finding casual sex partners on the internet included watching pornographic videos on the internet more than once a week (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.881, 95% CI 1.201-2.948), discussing “hooking-up online” with friends (aOR=4.018, 95% CI 2.910-5.548), and perceiving that the likelihood of HIV infection among casual sex partners sought on the internet was “medium” (aOR=2.034, 95% CI 1.441-2.873) or “low” (aOR=2.548, 95% CI 1.524-4.259). Among the participants who reported finding casual sex partners on the internet, 30.2% (91/310) reported having unprotected sex with casual sex partners encountered on the internet in the past 6 months. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, knowing the HIV infection status of casual sex partners sought on the internet was significantly associated with performing inserted intercourse (aOR=1.907, 95% CI 1.100-3.306) and a decreased risk of inconsistent condom use (aOR=0.327, 95% CI 0.167-0.642).ConclusionsWeb-based casual sexual behavior is becoming more prevalent, and the rate of unprotected sex among MSM in Zhejiang Province is high. Future HIV prevention approaches should emphasize the importance for MSM to proactively determine the HIV infection status of potential casual sex partners sought on the internet.     

HIV test uptake among MSM in China: Implications for enhanced HIV test promotion campaigns among key populations

Despite global efforts to increase HIV test uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM), social stigma and negative attitudes toward homosexuality hinder the effectiveness of traditional test promotion campaigns. Increasing HIV test uptake requires greater understanding of the conditions that facilitate decisions to get tested. We conducted an online survey hosted by two of the most highly frequented MSM web portals in China. A generalised ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with HIV testing behaviour. Compared to men who had never tested for HIV, men who had tested in the past year were more likely to have never engaged in sex with women, have multiple male sex partners in the past 3 months and have disclosed their sexual orientation to others. MSM found testing at local Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (80.7%), gay men's community-based organisations (80.2%) and public hospitals (70.9%) to be acceptable, while saunas (50.5%) and gay bars (41.8%) were found to be unacceptable testing venues. Our study shows that MSM in China prefer to test at venues that guarantee confidentiality, quality and quick results. Our study also suggests that self-testing may be a feasible approach to increase test uptake.     

Impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment on HIV seroincidence among men who have sex with men: San Francisco

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the countervailing effects on HIV incidence of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among San Francisco men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: Behavioral risk was determined on the basis of responses to cross-sectional community interviews. HIV incidence was assessed through application of an enzyme-linked immunoassay testing strategy. RESULTS: Use of HAART among MSM living with AIDS increased from 4% in 1995 to 54% in 1999. The percentage of MSM who reported both unprotected anal intercourse and multiple sexual partners increased from 24% in 1994 to 45% in 1999. The annual HIV incidence rate increased from 2.1% in 1996 to 4.2% in 1999 among MSM who sought anonymous HIV testing, and the rate was high (5.3%) but stable in a blinded survey of MSM seeking sexually transmitted disease services. CONCLUSIONS: Any decrease in per contact risk of HIV transmission due to HAART use appears to have been counterbalanced or overwhelmed by increases in the number of unsafe sexual episodes.     

Mutual HIV Disclosure among HIV-Negative Men Who have Sex with Men in Beijing, China, 2010

HIV is rising rapidly among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Discussion of HIV status between sexual partners is potentially a key prevention behavior. It is unclear if HIV-negative Chinese MSM talk about HIV and disclose their HIV status with sexual partners. Understanding the correlates of disclosure among this population could provide insight into developing disclosure-based interventions. We conducted a respondent driven sampling based study of 500 MSM in Beijing. A total of 332 men had a previous HIV-negative test result and thus considered themselves to be HIV-negative and were included in our analysis of disclosure. Equal numbers of these men reported talking about HIV and disclosing their HIV status to at least one sexual partner. MSM who disclosed were more likely to be living with a main partner. No other demographic characteristics were associated with disclosure in bivariate analysis. We also used data on up to three sexual partners per participant to examine disclosure on the partnership level. Main partnerships, meeting partners at bars/clubs, sometimes using alcohol before sex in a partnership, and usually having sex at home compared to other venues were associated with disclosure. Using generalized estimating equation analysis to characterize individuals from their partnership data, we found only having at least one main partnership and knowing people who were infected with HIV to be associated with a participant being a discloser. Interventions that wish to harness discussion of HIV and HIV status among Chinese MSM will need to focus on moving these discussions towards having them with casual partners.