384名晚期孕妇膳食营养状况评价

目的评价３８４名福州市正常晚期妊娠妇女膳食营养状况。方法采用２４ｈ膳食回顾法记录膳食情况。结果热量、蛋白质摄入达到供给量标准（ＲＤＡ）；锌、维生素Ａ、Ｃ、ＰＰ等基本满足机体需要；钙、铁、维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２明显低于ＲＤＡ。三大产热营养素中，碳水化合物明显偏低（５３％），脂肪偏高（３０．３％）。血红蛋白值（１０５．４５±１４．４５ｇ／Ｌ），低于标准水平。结论开展膳食指导，及时补充钙、铁和维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２对保证孕妇的营养有重要意义。     

空降兵某部膳食调查

笔者对空降兵某部队营养状况进行了膳食调查.调查采用查账法,计算某部一连1997年1月～3月平均每人每日各种食物的消耗量及各种营养素的摄入量。结果显示平均每人每日多数食物的消耗量基本上达到了军人食物定量标准4类灶的要求,但动物性食品摄入不足;多数营养素的摄入量基本上达到军人日膳食营养素供给量标准(以重度劳动计),但热量、Ca、Vit B2等摄入不足。     

104例久病卧床老年人营养状况的调查,评价及对策

目的：评价久病卧床老年人的营养状况,分析原因,制定对策。方法：采用临床营养评价法对１０４例久病卧床老年病人进行评价。结果：蛋白质、脂肪符合推荐每日膳食中营养素供给量标准（ＲＤＡ）、热量供给偏高、维生素Ａ、Ｂ１、Ｂ２、钙严重缺乏,钠盐摄取过高,体格检查中皮褶厚度显增高（Ｐ〈０．００５）,上臂肌围明显偏低。白蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、前白蛋白（ＰＡ）、运铁蛋白（ＴＦＰ）、血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）均显低于正常值,淋巴     

贵阳市中年知识分子膳食营养状况分析

采用整群随机抽样方法,对贵阳市５２４名４０￣６０岁的中年知识分子进行膳食营养状况调查。结果表明：受试者的热能、维生素Ａ、维生素Ｂ２、Ｃａ等多种素摄入不足,每人每日平均摄入热量占供给标准的８１．６６％,而Ｃａ的摄入仅达５９．３８％ＲＤＡ。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的生热比分别为１４．７１％,２６．７９％,５８．５０％,优质蛋白占总蛋白的５０．０２％;动物脂肪占脂肪的５１．１１％;膳食铁的７２．５４％来     

包头市蒙族小学住宿生膳食营养调查

对包头市蒙族小学５８名住宿生膳食营养进行了调查；主食以标粉，糜米为主，人均日摄入热能为１９４７ｋｃａｌ，在国家供给量标准（ＲＤＡ）的８１．１３％，除铁供给充足外，其余各种营养素均未达到国家供给量标准，尤其是ＶＡ，ＶＢ２和钙仅达ＲＤＡ的５．８％，２８．３％和２７．７％。贫血检出率为４１．４％。     

医院老年病房四季全膳食中锌铜铁锰的测定及评价

为了对我院老年病房全膳食的营养素摄入量有一基本了解，我们对四季全膳食１１２份样品中的锌、铜、铁、锰进行了实际测定。结果表明，锌和铜的平均日摄入量分别为１１．６８±０．１９ｍｇ和１．７２±０．１０ｍｇ，低于推荐的每日膳食中供给标准（ＲＤＡ）即锌１５ｍｇ，铜２～３ｍｇ；全膳食中含铁２０．５０±０．４９ｍｇ，高于ＲＤＡ（１２ｍｇ）的标准；锰的摄入量为３．４１±０．０９ｍｇ，在安全与适宜摄入标准量２．５～５．０ｍｇ的范围内。尽管锌与铜的摄入稍低，但考虑到老年患者每日活动不多，蛋白质摄入较多以及元素间的相互作用等因素，我们认为这一供给量基本可以满足患者的需要。     

心血管病住院患者的膳食营养分析

调查了４８８例心血管病住院患者的膳食情况。结果表明：约２／３患者热量来源分布不合理，多数患者蛋白质热比偏低。有１６．８０％的患者热量摄入偏高，主要是脂肪和碳水化物占总热量的比例偏高。有２／３以上的患者膳食中蛋白质、钙、锌、铜及维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、ＰＰ、Ｃ摄入量低于推荐的膳食营养素供给量的８０％。约１／３患者铁和维生素Ｂ１摄入不足。有２／３的患者优质蛋白质摄入量达不到总蛋白质摄入量的５０％，且有１／３患     

缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺心病患者膳食调查分析

目的：探讨缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）和肺心病患者营养不良与膳食营养物质摄入的关系，以提出相应的饮食治疗和支持措施。方法：采用２４ｈ膳食回忆调查法对北京地区和唐山地区共１５６例缓解期ＣＯＰＤ和肺心病患者进行逐个入户调查。结果：热能和２６种营养素，如蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、锌、硒、镁、铜、锰、钠、钾、铁、维生素Ａ、维生素Ｂ１、维生素Ｂ２、维生素Ｃ、维生素ＰＰ、维生素Ｅ和８种必需氨基酸（异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸）的摄入量与每人每天营养素标准供给量比较，均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１），其中只有铁和维生素Ｅ摄入尚足。同时，蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物三大供热营养素的产热百分比也存在明显不合理。结论：对缓解期ＣＯＰＤ和肺心病患者进行正确的膳食指导和营养干预治疗是其综合治疗不可缺少的一个重要方面     

心血管病住院患者的膳食营养分析

调查了４８８例心血管病住院患者的膳食情况。结果表明：约２／３患者热量来源分布不合理，多数患者蛋白质热比偏低。有１６８０％的患者热量摄入偏高，主要是脂肪和碳水化物占总热量的比例偏高。有２／３以上的患者膳食中蛋白质、钙、锌、铜及维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、ＰＰ、Ｃ摄入量低于推荐的膳食营养素供给量的８０％。约１／３患者铁和维生素Ｂ１摄入不足。有２／３的患者优质蛋白质摄入量达不到总蛋白质摄入量的５０％，且有１／３患者达不到３０％。１／２患者胆固醇摄入偏高，在３００ｍｇ以上，多数患者纤维素摄入量不足。提示：应根据患者的实际情况制订合理膳食食谱，达到平衡膳食的要求。     

杭州市敬老院膳食营养评价及改进对策

作者采用食物称重法，对杭州市下城区敬老院１４０名老人（男女各半）进行为期５天的膳食营养调查并作了营养评价，结果表明，与我国所推荐的老人各年龄档次营养素供给量标准比较，６０岁组的老人和７０岁组的男性老化总热量摄入不足；所有年龄组的老人都呈现蛋白质摄入不足，钙，硒，维生素Ａ，Ｂ１，Ｂ２都不同程度地显示不足，建议：不同年龄组的老化在食物量的供应和分配上要有所区别，同时在现有膳食基础上，应增加主食和菜肴的     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.