自体骨髓移植治疗胫骨骨不连

目的 探讨经皮自体骨髓移植治疗胫骨骨折不愈合的疗效。方法 1996年3月－2000年6月,用自体骨髓移植治疗胫骨骨不连患者56例。采用抽取自身红骨髓,在X线透视下用一枚骨穿针刺入骨不连部位注射,术后加压包扎并选用合适的固定材料,每月1次,共需2－3次。结果 56例全部获得随访,时间为4个月－4年2个月,平均2．8年。骨折愈合53例。X线片示：骨折线消失,有大量边疆骨痂形成,未愈合3例。结论 自体骨髓移植在骨不连部位有成骨作用,取材容易,操作简便,疗效满意,有临床应用价值。     

Osteoperiosteal Decortication and Autogenous Cancellous Bone Graft Combined with Bridge Plating for Non-hypertrophic Diaphyseal Nonunion

BackgroudThe aim of this study was to evaluate results of osteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft combined with a bridge plating technique in atrophic and oligotrophic femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunion.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 31 patients with atrophic or oligotrophic femoral and tibial diaphyseal nonunion treated with osteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft between January 2008 and December 2018. Patients with hypertrophic nonunion, infected nonunion, and nonunion treated with autogenous cancellous bone graft alone were excluded. The nonunion site was exposed by using the Judet technique of osteoperiosteal decortication. Nonunion with a lack of stability was stabilized with a new plate using a bridge plating technique or augmented by supplemental fixation with a plate. Nonunion with malalignment was stabilized with a new plate after deformity correction. Autogenous cancellous bone graft was harvested from the posterior iliac crest and placed within the area of decortication. A basic demographic survey was conducted, and the type of existing implants, mechanical stability of the implants, the type of implants used for stabilization, the operation time, the time to bone union, and postoperative complications were investigated.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 33.3 months (range, 8–108 months). The operation time was 207 minutes (range, 100–351 minutes). All but 1 nonunion (96.7%) were healed at an average of 4.2 months (range, 3–8 months). In 1 patient, bone union failed due to implant loosening with absorbed bone graft, and solid union was achieved by an additional surgery for stable fixation with a new plate, osteoperiosteal decortication, and autogenous cancellous bone graft. There were no other major complications such as neurovascular injuries, infection, loss of fixation, and malunion.ConclusionsOsteoperiosteal decortication and autogenous cancellous bone graft combined with stable fixation by bridge plating showed reliable outcomes in atrophic and oligotrophic diaphyseal nonunion. This treatment modality can be effective for treating atrophic and oligotrophic diaphyseal nonunion because it is very helpful stimulating bone union.     

Autogenous Bone Graft Harvest Using Reamer Irrigator Aspirator (RIA) Technique for Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis

Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is a technically demanding procedure that can be associated with a high number of complications, including nonunion. Bone grafting is commonly used in arthrodesis procedures to decrease the risk of nonunion. In this article, we describe a technique that uses a reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) method for procurement of autogenous bone graft for use in tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis fixated with a retrograde intramedullary nail. Using the RIA technique, autogenous bone graft can be readily obtained without the need for additional incisions and dissection, thereby minimizing the need for additional sources of bone graft.     

Nonunion of the clavicle treated with plate fixation: a review of forty-seven consecutive cases

Forty-seven consecutive patients underwent superior plating for clavicular nonunion between 1995 and 2005. This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of plate fixation and the need for iliac crest bone grafting. Forty-three patients were treated with pelvic reconstruction plates and four with straight dynamic compression plates. Of the patients, 30 were treated with local bone graft only, 14 with demineralized bone matrix, and 3 with distant autogenous bone graft. Of the fractures, 93% united after a single operation. Of the patients, 69% returned the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 14.6 (range, 0-53). Plate prominence or sensitivity resulted in removal in 20% of cases. We believe that superiorly applied plate fixation is effective for the treatment of clavicular nonunion. Distant autogenous bone graft is not necessary in most cases to obtain union.     

手术治疗四肢骨折后骨不连263例

目的回顾性分析四肢骨折后骨不连的发生原因及手术治疗结果。方法1996年5月～2005年8月共收治263例四肢骨折后骨不连患者。骨不连部位：股骨近端13例,股骨干57例,胫骨81例,肱骨51例,尺桡骨44例,锁骨5例,髋臼2例,舟骨3例,距骨4例,其它3例。本组患者全部采用手术治疗,其中交锁髓内钉固定157例,钢板螺钉固定72例,外固定架固定34例。植骨方法：单纯自体松质骨移植189例,自体松质骨混合其它材料移植57例,带血管蒂的游离骨瓣移植10例,自体骨髓移植4例,骨加压延长术3例。结果本组患者发生骨不连的主要原因为应力干扰和局部血供差,其次为感染、骨缺损及骨折复位不良、对位差、骨折间隙过大。242例患者获平均14．3个月(4～48个月)随访。242例患者均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为5．3个月(3～18个月)。其中220例患者(90．9%)肢体功能优,无跛行等后遗症；22例患者(9．1%)遗留邻近关节活动受限、肢体短缩及跛行等许发症。结论骨不连的发生原因是多方面的,如果在治疗骨折时足够重视,多数骨不连可以避免。骨不连采用手术重新固定加自体植骨可获得良好疗效。     

自体骨移植治疗四肢骨折术后骨不连失败因素分析

目的:探讨四肢骨折骨不连经植骨治疗后未达到骨愈合的原因,了解主要影响疗效的因素,为提高骨不连的治疗效果提供依据.方法:1995年1月至2011年12月收集四肢骨折术后骨不连接受自体骨移植手术治疗患者367例,其中男198例,女169例;年龄12～89岁,平均53.5岁;病程23～49个月.植骨治疗后摄X线片及CT扫描评估治疗效果,骨折仍未愈合的32例,其余的均后期骨愈合入院行内外固定拆除手术.通过Logistic回归分析考察年龄、性别、是否吸烟、营养状况、原发骨折类型、骨折的部位、骨不连的类型、是否更换固定方式、手术固定的类型、患者是否有影响骨折愈合的内外科疾病等因素对于患者植骨治疗成功率的影响.结果:纳入统计的患者为后期有再次入院记录(获得随访).手术植骨治疗后随访6～12个月,失败率为8.72％.通过统计学分析吸烟与否、原发骨折类型、骨不连的类型、是否更换固定方式、原发内外科疾病等因素与植骨治疗后期愈合率有明确的相关.结论:吸烟、原发骨折类型、骨不连的类型、是否更换固定、原发疾病这些因素影响自体骨移植治疗骨不连疗效.在骨不连植骨治疗中应建议患者戒烟,同时治疗相关疾病.手术前分析原骨折及骨不连的情况并积极的治疗感染,制定更完善的手术方案,以及手术中尽可能更换固定方式均可以降低植骨治疗的失败风险.     

锁定钢板联合自体髂骨植骨治疗股骨干骨不连13例

目的观察13例股骨干骨不连患者采用自体髂骨块联合锁定钢板双固定治疗后的临床疗效。方法 13例股骨干骨不连患者均采取自体髂骨取骨,联合锁定钢板采用双固定骨折端方法进行治疗。结果 13例患者随访时间12~26个月,平均18个月。骨折均获骨性愈合,1例患者伤口延迟愈合,经换药后愈合,无一例发生切口皮肤坏死、深部感染、内固定松动或断裂,无成角畸形。根据HSS膝关节评分为88~97分,平均93分,Rasmussen膝关节功能评分法进行综合评分:优10例,良2例,可1例,差0例。结论符合文献报道:自体髂骨块联合锁定钢板双固定治疗股骨干骨不连临床疗效确切,是一种经济、有效的治疗方法。     

局部肌瓣转移和自体红骨髓注射治疗胫骨骨折骨不连

目的报告局部转移肌瓣和注射自体红骨髓治疗胫骨骨折不连接的效果。方法对15例伤后10～42个月,平均22个月仍不连接的胫骨骨折实施切开复位、带锁髓内钉固定、髂骨植骨和局部转移肌瓣覆盖,术后12～15d局部注射自体红骨髓治疗。结果随访表明所有病例骨折均得到连接,术后3～11个月(平均4.8个月)愈合,除2例术后出现切口皮缘小块坏死经换药愈合外,创口均一期愈合,没有发生感染和内固定失败。结论在稳固内固定和植骨以外,局部转移肌瓣和注射自体红骨髓治疗胫骨骨折不愈合能取得满意疗效。     

Incidence of Nonunion of First Metatarsal–Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis with Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft after Failed Keller–Brandes Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

The Keller–Brandes arthroplasty has well-documented outcomes, including many complications that culminate in arthrodesis of the first metatarsal–phalangeal joint. In the setting of a large osseous defect, the autogenous iliac crest is the most commonly referenced source for the autogenous bone graft. We undertook a systematic review of electronic databases and other relevant sources regarding the incidence of nonunion after arthrodesis of the first metatarsal–phalangeal joint using autogenous iliac crest bone graft for failed Keller–Brandes arthroplasty. Six studies involving 42 arthrodeses met our inclusion criteria. The incidence of nonunion was 4.8% (2 of 42). It has been inherently accepted that revisional surgery can increase the incidence of nonunion. Our systematic review of the available data revealed that the use of an autogenous iliac crest bone graft results in a high incidence of primary union (95.2%) for salvage arthrodesis. However, additional appropriately weighted prospective studies and comparative analyses are needed regarding this topic.     

肱骨骨不连的原因分析及治疗

目的探讨肱骨骨不连的原因和不同固定、植骨方法治疗肱骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法对51例肱骨骨不连进行回顾性分析。固定方式：钢板内固定30例，交锁髓内钉内固定12例，单臂或组合式外固定架8例，异体骨板加螺钉内固定1例。植骨来源：自体髂骨植骨16例，重组合异种骨植骨(RBX)12例，自体髂骨联合RBX植骨17例，异体骨植骨2例，异体骨联合RBX植骨2例。结果51例患者中，2例失访。49例随访8个月～9年，平均4年7个月。总愈合率89．8％，钢板治疗组愈合率83．3％，外固定架治疗组愈合率100％，交锁髓内针治疗组愈合率100％。12例单独应用RBX植骨治疗肱骨骨不连全部愈合；自体髂骨联合RBX植骨15例愈合，愈合率88．2％；自体髂骨植骨14例愈合，愈合率87．5％。结论髓内针内固定或外固定架固定治疗肱骨骨不连较钢板优越，创伤小，固定确实，功能恢复满意；RBX植骨治疗骨不连，安全、无免疫排斥反应、生物相容性好，对促进骨愈合疗效可靠。     

肱骨干骨折术后不愈合的原因分析及治疗

目的探讨肱骨干骨折术后不愈合的原因及治疗方法。方法回顾分析21例肱骨干骨折术后不愈合患者,采用锁定加压钢板内固定加自体髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访6～18个月,平均11个月,骨折经二次手术后均达骨性愈合。结论肱骨骨折术后不愈合的常见原因为创伤重、术中操作及内植物选择不当、功能锻炼不规范。锁定加压钢板加自体松质骨植骨是治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不愈合的有效方法。     

Atrophic ununited diaphyseal fractures of the humerus with a bony defect: treatment by wave-plate osteosynthesis

We treated 15 patients with atrophic nonunion of a diaphyseal fracture of the humerus with an associated bony defect using an autogenous cancellous bone graft and a plate to bridge the defect. There were nine men and six women with a mean age of 48 years. The mean length of the bony defect was 3 cm. At a mean follow-up of 30 months only one fracture failed to unite. This suggests that, in the presence of a well-vascularised envelope of muscle, the application of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in conjunction with a bridging plate represents a good alternative to more demanding surgical techniques.     

Treatment of nonunions and osseous defects with bone graft and calcium sulfate

The treatment of long bone nonunions and fractures with osseous defects is challenging. The results of 26 patients with either a persistent long bone nonunion or an osseous defect after an open fracture were reviewed. Each patient was treated with debridement of devitalized tissue, open reduction and internal fixation, and bone grafting using a mixture of autogenous iliac crest bone graft and medical grade calcium sulfate. The current study evaluated the union rate and associated complications for treatment of these injuries using this protocol. Each nonunion was confirmed intraoperatively, and healing was determined clinically by the patients' return to full activities without pain and radiographically by the presence of bridging trabeculae. Complications included persistent nonunion (four patients), wound drainage (five patients), wound drainage and cellulitis (one patient) and cellulitis alone (one patient). Using this treatment protocol, 22 patients (85%) achieved healing after one surgery and an additional two patients (92%) achieved healing after a second surgery. Medical grade calcium sulfate increases the volume of graft material, facilitates bone formation, and is safe in the treatment of nonunions and fractures with osseous defects.     

大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合的外科治疗

目的 探讨应用自体骨植骨再固定的方法治疗大段同种异体骨移植后骨端不愈合的手术方法和疗效.方法 1994年1月至2006年12月北京积水潭医院所行大段同种异体骨移植患者176例中41例不愈合,22例进行了骨接触端的重新植骨治疗,其中15例临床资料完整.再植骨治疗时年龄15～34岁,平均为24岁.初始疾病为:骨肉瘤5例、骨巨细胞瘤4例、皮质旁骨肉瘤2例、血管内皮瘤2例、骨原始神经外胚瘤(PNET)2例.发病部位:股骨下端7例、肱骨中段3例、股骨中段2例、胫骨上端2例、肱骨上端1例.15例患者中,8例单纯不愈合行植骨术,另7例不愈合并发原内固定断裂行植骨和再固定手术.结果 随访时间18～148个月,平均47个月.15例中13例骨愈合,占86.7%.愈合时间5～20个月,平均13个月.其中8例无原内固定失败者均重新愈合,愈合时间平均为14个月.另7例原内固定失败者5例重新愈合,愈合时间平均为12个月,与上述8例比较愈合时间相似.无感染等并发症发生.2例仍不愈合,最终行人工假体置换术.13例骨愈合的患者MSTS评分平均25.1分,8例无原内固定失败者25.4分,5例原内固定失败者24.6分,评分基本相同.结论 应用自体骨植骨再固定的方法治疗大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合手术简单,并发症少,愈合率高,再手术后功能影响小,较人工假体置换相比有明显优势,对于大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合患者,应为首选治疗方法.     

钢板内固定加植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效分析

目的评价钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的疗效。方法2002年2月～2004年12月对41例肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合患者均采用钢板内固定结合自体松质骨植骨治疗。其中男32例,女9例;平均年龄37．5岁(17～67岁)。骨不愈合类型：肥大型16例,萎缩型25例。结果所有患者获平均22．6个月(8～42个月)随访。40例(97．6%)患_者骨折愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为5．8个月(3～12个月)。并发症：桡神经损伤3例,伤口感染1例,骨折不愈合1例。最终随访时,肩关节和肘关节功能恢复满意。结论对于肱骨干骨折术后骨不愈合的患者,采用钢板内固定加自体松质骨植骨治疗是有效的方法。     

锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢骨不连的临床研究

目的 评价锁定钢板内固定治疗四肢长骨骨不连的临床疗效.方法 对2003年2月至2006年10月应用锁定钢板内固定治疗61例骨不连患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.其中男性44例,女性17例;年龄7～70岁,平均38岁.其中5例肱骨骨不连,33例股骨骨不连,23例胫骨骨不连.骨不连的原因包括内固定失效47例,外固定失败5例,感染9例.骨不连病程为10～156个月,平均19个月.42例使用LCP钢板内固定,19例使用LISS钢板内固定.55例采用自体髂骨植骨,3例在自体植骨的同时结合同种异体松质骨移植,3例采用同种异体松质骨结合人工骨移植.手术前、后根据膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)评分对47例膝关节周围骨不连患者的关节功能进行评估,85～100分为优,70～84分为良,60～69分为一般,＜60分为差.术前优29例,良8例,一般4例,差6例.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均12个月;骨折均在4～6个月内牢固连接,平均愈合时间4.8个月,无内植物松动、断裂等并发症.术后膝关节KSS评分,优35例,良7例,一般1例,差4例.结论 锁定钢板内固定结合植骨术是治疗四肢长骨骨不连的有效方法.     

双钢板技术结合自体髂骨植骨治疗髓内钉术后股骨骨不连

目的:探讨双钢板结合髂骨植骨治疗髓内钉术后股骨骨不连的临床效果.方法:2008年12月至2017年12月应用双钢板结合自体髂骨植骨治疗髓内钉术后股骨骨不连患者11例,男10例,女1例;年龄35～62岁;骨折至骨不连时间12～20个月.根据Judet分类法分型:萎缩型骨不连8例,增生型骨不连3例.术后定期随访,记录患者骨...     

AO非扩髓肱骨交锁髓内钉在肱骨干骨折不愈合中的应用

目的 探讨AO非扩髓(AO—UHN)肱骨交锁髓内钉加自体松质骨植骨在肱骨干骨折不愈合中的应用。方法 20例患者手术取出原内固定，行正向或逆向插入AO—UHN肱骨交锁髓内钉，在不愈合部位行丰富的自体松质骨植骨。术后进行影像学观察和疗效评定。结果 20例患者有15例得到随访，随访时间为9～23个月(平均13．8个月)，愈合时间4～10个月(平均6．2个月)。除1例在12个月时仍未愈合予再次植骨后6个月获得愈合外，其余均在一次手术后获得愈合，优良率为90％。结论 AO—UHN肱骨交锁髓内钉加自体松质骨植骨是治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的一种有效方法。     

The management of complex distal humerus nonunion in the elderly by elbow capsulectomy, triple plating, and ulnar nerve neurolysis

Six elderly patients (average age, 68 years) were treated for a complex, low supracondylar nonunion of the humerus. Each nonunion had in common an associated ulnar neuropathy, extensive periarticular fibrosis, a low synovial nonunion, and osteopenic bone. The surgical approach included ulnar nerve neurolysis, complete elbow capsulectomy, three strategically placed plates, and autogenous iliac crest bone graft. All the nonunions healed and all six patients regained ulnar nerve function. The average arc of elbow motion was 102°, with an average flexion of 122° and a flexion contracture of 19°. Radiographic follow-up revealed only one case with a focal area of avascular necrosis involving a previously ununited intraarticular fracture of the trochlea.     

长骨肿瘤切除后节段性骨缺损的一期骨关节重建

作者采用瘤段骨切除１．灭活再植，自家或同种异体腓骨髓内移植，或加松质骨髓内移植，梯形或Ｌ－梯形钢板（ＴＣＰ或Ｌ－ＴＣＰ）固定；２．保留骨骺或关节骨壳，自家或同种异体节段皮质骨，或加松质骨移植，ＴＣＰ或Ｌ－ＴＣＰ固定；３．同种异体骨及全髁膝关节假体置换，自家腓骨及髂骨髓内移植，ＴＣＰ固定；４．全桡骨切除，自家腓骨移植。治疗骨肉瘤１８例，巨细胞瘤１０例，侵袭大或复发的骨纤维异样增殖症１９例２１个骨。共４７例４９个骨，５０次手术。骨缺损长度７．８～２３．５ｃｍ，平均１４．４ｃｍ。随访１８个月～８年４个月者４３例４５个骨，４６次手术。术后感染４例５次（８．５％）；２例并发骨不连及应力骨折而失败，其中１例截肢。其余再植骨及移植骨均与宿主骨一次手术愈合（９５．６％）。骨不连和疲劳骨折的发生率分别为４．３％（２例）及６．５％（３例）。作者强调从生物学和机械力学两方面考虑，对节段性骨缺损采用一期骨关节重建的术式治疗，有利骨愈合和恢复功能，减少复发和骨不连，疲劳骨折等并发症。