个体化治疗直肠癌同时性肝转移

肝转移是影响结直肠癌预后的重要因素之一。一般认为手术切除是唯一可能治愈结直肠癌肝转移的治疗手段。而近年随着新辅助化疗与肿瘤物理消融技术以及微创技术的进展,尤其在生物一心理一社会的现代医学模式背景下,对可以手术切除的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者如何选择更为合理的手术方式尚存在较多争议。中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治1例直肠癌同时性肝转移患者经新辅助化疗后腹腔镜下肝转移癌微波消融＋开腹结直肠癌根治性切除术的联合序贯治疗,为同类患者治疗方式的个体化选择提供参考。     

结直肠癌肝转移瘤热消融治疗国际专家共识分享

肝转移是结直肠癌致死的最主要原因,手术切除是其首选治疗方式。然而,临床可手术切除的肝转移瘤仅占全部肝转移瘤的10%~25%,对不可切除的肝转移瘤通常采用系统化疗和/或局部消融治疗。近年来热消融技术的治疗效率和安全性日益提高,术后患者5年生存率高于单纯化疗。2013年国际消融专家组发布了结直肠癌肝转移瘤热消融治疗国际专家共识,基于射频消融相关应用的长期随访文献,总结热消融治疗在结直肠癌肝转移瘤治疗中的具体推荐及相关适应证。本文对该共识的主要内容进行介绍与分享。     

486例结直肠癌同时性和异时性肝转移患者的预后分析

目的 探讨同时性、异时性结直肠癌肝转移的临床特点及不同治疗策略对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析中山大学附属第一医院1994-2006年结直肠癌数据库中肝转移患者的临床及随访资料.采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-Rank法比较生存率,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 共有486例患者发生肝转移,其中同时性肝转移191例,异时性肝转移295例,两组5年生存率差异具有统计学意义(9.3%vs.21.5%,P＜0.01);全组患者中267例行手术切除,151例行射频消融治疗,68例保守治疗,三种治疗方法的5年生存率分别为22.1%,10.3%和0,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).单因素分析显示,年龄、肝转移类型、术前CEA、原发瘤N分期、分化程度、肠梗阻、腹水、肿瘤直径、治疗策略等因素与患者预后密切相关;多因素分析显示,肝转移类型、术前CEA、腹水、治疗策略是影响预后的独立危险因素. 结论肝转移的不同类型是决定结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的重要因素;根治性手术切除与射频消融、保守治疗相比更能改善结直肠癌肝转移患者预后.     

高强度聚焦超声在结直肠癌肝转移治疗中的研究现状

肝脏是结直肠癌最常见也最重要的转移部位,而肝转移是结直肠癌治疗失败最重要的因素之一。手术切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)疗效确切,但手术切除率低且复发率高,化疗、放疗副作用较大,射频消融并发症较多,高温、冷冻等其他治疗效果均不理想。高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)是近年来发展迅速的实体肿瘤局部消融新技术,其不仅具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快及肿瘤组织坏死确切等优点,还能在有效消融肿瘤病灶的同时保存和提高宿主抗肿瘤免疫能力。近年来,HIFU局部消融在临床治疗中的应用逐步深入,本文拟就其治疗结直肠癌肝转移的机制、现状作一简要综述,并探讨目前存在的问题,展望临床应用前景。     

结直肠癌肺转移局部治疗现状及应用前景

肺部是结直肠癌发生远处转移的第二大好发器官, 与结直肠癌肝转移相比, 结直肠癌肺转移生物学行为相对较好, 肿瘤生长缓慢, 临床关注程度往往不及结直肠癌肝转移。手术切除是治疗结直肠癌肺转移主要的根治性治疗手段, 但临床实际中仅有不足20%的患者可根治性切除, 不可根治性手术切除的结直肠癌肺转移患者5年生存率不足20%, 预后仍很差。近年来, 局部治疗逐渐应用于临床, 包括射频消融、微波消融及立体定向放射治疗等成为手术以外的重要局部治疗手段。然而, 目前对手术以外局部治疗的疗效和选择时机尚存在一定争议, 本文就结直肠癌肺转移局部治疗手段应用现状及前景进行综述。     

结直肠癌同时肝转移和腹膜转移的处理及预后

目的 探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移和腹膜扩散患者的相关临床病理因素以及手术干预对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析12年间中山大学附属第一医院肠癌数据库资料中有同时性肝转移和/或腹膜扩散患者(166例/150例)的临床病例资料及随访结果.结果 在诸多病理因素中肿瘤分化程度和浆膜浸润与腹膜扩散有关(P<0.01),而肿瘤分化程度,浆膜浸润和Ducks分期等与同时性肝转移有关(P<0.01);手术不可切除的结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移组与伴腹膜扩散组的短期和长期生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在手术可切除组中伴腹膜扩散者的长期生存率优于伴肝转移者(P<0.01).结论 结直肠癌腹膜转移患者较同时性肝转移患者长期顶后好;手术不可切除的结直肠癌伴腹膜扩散或肝转移才标示着肿瘤的终末期;结直肠癌伴腹膜转移根治切除组较伴同时性肝转移根治切除组预后好,局限的结直肠癌伴腹膜转移通过手术可能得到根治.     

结直肠癌肝转移的最新研究进展

肝脏是晚期结直肠癌患者最常见的转移部位,一旦出现肝转移,患者预后极差。早期诊断结肠癌肝转移(CRLM)对于改善患者预后有重要意义。手术切除原发病灶及转移病灶是唯一可能治愈的方法,转化治疗、介入治疗以及多学科团队治疗也为CRLM治疗提供了更多思路。长链非编码RNA、肿瘤干细胞以及磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路揭...     

不同阶段结直肠癌肝转移的手术策略

结直肠癌患者容易发生肝转移,手术是目前治疗结直肠癌肝转移的最佳手段。但肝转移的发生时机不同,所采取的手术策略也不同。结直肠癌确诊时发生肝转移的患者,其手术时机一直存在争议;结直肠癌根治术后发生肝转移的患者只要具有手术指征,均应再次实施手术治疗;部分暂不能手术的结直肠癌肝转移患者,多采用化疗、RFA、介入等辅助治疗可使患者重新获得手术机会,但在临床应用中也存在不少困惑。因此,针对不同阶段的结直肠癌肝转移,应采用多学科综合治疗,制订个体化的治疗方案才是改善患者预后的关键。     

经动脉选择性内放射治疗用于结直肠癌肝转移研究进展

肝脏是结直肠癌最常见转移部位,结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)是导致患者死亡的主要原因之一。选择性内放射治疗(SIRT)的有效性及安全性已得到证实。本文对SIRT用于CRLM的临床研究进展进行综述。     

射频消融与手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移疗效比较

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移手术切除治疗与射频消融治疗的疗效比较。方法 回顾性分析18例经射频消融治疗与26例经手术切除治疗的结直肠癌肝转移患者的术后并发症、肿瘤复发率、生存率。结果 所有患者均获得随访,围手术期死亡率为0。射频消融组患者1、3、5年生存率为77.8%（14/18）、44.4%（8/18）、27.7%（5/18）;手术组患者1、3、5年生存率为80.8%（21/26）、46.2%（12/26）、30.7%（8/26）。两组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。射频消融组存在局部复发,但肝内新发转移灶与手术组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 射频消融治疗肝转移灶≤3个、病灶大小≤5 cm的结直肠癌肝转移安全、微创、有效,可达到手术治疗效果。但肿瘤存在局部复发,可多次射频消融治疗。     

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system. Colorectal liver cancer metastasis (CRLM) occurs in approximately 50% of the patients and is the main cause of CRC mortality. Surgical resection is currently the most effective treatment for CRLM. However, given that the remnant liver volume after resection should be adequate, only a few patients are suitable for radical resection. Since Dr. Hans Schlitt first performed the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) for CRLM in 2012, ALPPS has received considerable attention and has continually evolved in recent years. This review explains the technical origin of the ALPPS procedure for CRLM and evaluates its efficacy, pointing to its favorable postoperative outcomes. We also discuss the patient screening strategies and optimization of ALPPS to ensure long-term survival of patients with CRLM in whom surgery cannot be performed. Finally, further directions in both basic and clinical research regarding ALPPS have been proposed. Although ALPPS surgery is a difficult and high-risk technique, it is still worth exploration by experienced surgeons.     

Regional hepatic therapies: an important component in the management of colorectal cancer liver metastases

The treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) has evolved significantly in the last 15 years. Currently, complete surgical resection remains the only potentially curative option; unfortunately, approximately 80% of patients with CRLM are not candidates for complete tumor resection. For patients with unresectable CRLM the available treatment options were historically limited; however, the development of regional hepatic therapies (RHT) and improvement of systemic chemotherapeutic regimens have emerged as viable options to improve overall survival and quality of life for this group of patients. The selection, sequence and integration of interventions into a multi-modal approach is a complex and evolving discipline. In this article, the currently available RHT modalities for CRLM are presented as a guide to the options for clinical treatment decisions.Key Words: Colorectal, liver metastases, tumor ablation     

Colorectal liver metastases: Resect,ablate, or embolize

The management of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is complex and should be individualized to each patient. Resectable CRLM benefit from surgical resection, preferably minimally invasive and parenchymal sparing, when feasible. Ablation is a viable alternative. Chemotherapy in this setting is potentially indicated in select patients, however, it has a clear role in unresectable CRLM. Newer locoregional therapies may benefit some unresectable CRLM with resistance to chemotherapy. Liver transplantation, a new therapy on the horizon for unresectable disease, has encouraging preliminary long-term survival outcomes for carefully selected patients.     

结直肠癌肝转移危险及预后因素分析

肝脏是结直肠癌最常见的远处转移器官,结直肠癌病人出现肝转移一般预后较差。结直肠癌肝转移分为同时性肝转移和异时性肝转移,对众多的临床以及病理学特征进行的单因素和多因素回归分析提示,影响结直肠癌发生肝转移的危险因素有：浸润深度、淋巴结转移、癌结节、分化程度、癌胚抗原和糖类抗原等。影响结直肠癌肝转移病人预后的因素有：肝转移灶大小及数目、肝外器官转移、原发灶手术切除、肝转移灶手术切除、全身药物治疗等。因此,手术切除肝转移灶、药物治疗获得手术切除机会等治疗模式能够最大程度地提高结直肠癌肝转移病人的存活率。由众多因素组合起来的评分系统,能够较好地预测结直肠癌肝转移病人的预后。     

Oncologic aspects of the decision-making process for surgical approach for colorectal liver metastases progressing during chemotherapy

Colorectal cancer represents the third most diagnosed malignancy in the world. The liver is the main site of metastatic disease, affected in 30% of patients with newly diagnosed disease. Complete resection is considered the only potentially curative treatment for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), with a 5-year survival rate ranging from 35% to 58%. However, up to 80% of patients have initially unresectable disease, due to extrahepatic disease or bilobar multiple liver nodules. The availability of increasingly effective systemic chemotherapy has contributed to converting patients with initially unresectable liver metastases to resectable disease, improving long-term outcomes, and accessing tumor biology. In recent years, response to preoperative systemic chemotherapy before liver resection has been established as a major prognostic factor. Some studies have demonstrated that patients with regression of hepatic metastases while on chemotherapy have improved outcomes when compared to patients with stabilization or progression of the disease. Even if disease progression during chemotherapy represents an independent negative prognostic factor, some patients may still benefit from surgery, given the role of this modality as the main treatment with curative intent for patients with CRLM. In selected cases, based on size, the number of lesions, and tumor markers, surgery may be offered despite the less favorable prognosis and as an option for non-chemo responders.     

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??Risk and prognostic factors of colorectal liver metastases LIANG Li, LIU Tian-shu. Department of Medical Oncology??Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University??Shanghai 200032, China
Corresponding author: LIU Tian-shu, E-mail: liu.tianshu@
zs-hospital.sh.cn
Abstract Liver is the most common metastasis site of colorectal cancer, and the prognosis of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM)is poor. CRLM are divided into synchronous metastasis and metachronous metastasis. Single factor and multiple factor regression analyses show that the risk factors of CRLM include the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor node, differentiation degree, tumor antigen and carbohydrate antigen. The factors influencing the prognosis of CRLM include the size and quantity of liver metastases, primary resection, surgical resection of liver metastases, systemic drug therapy and so on. Therefore, the surgical resection of liver metastases as well as drug therapy to get the opportunity of resection can maximize the survival of patients with CRLM. For a combination of a number of factors, the scoring system can better predict the prognosis of CRLM.     

肝切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移预后影响因素研究进展

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。临床上，结直肠癌病人首次确诊时已有15%～25%发生肝脏转移，中位生存期约为6个月，然而行手术切除肝转移灶后5年存活率可达60%。近年来，虽然在新辅助化疗和外科技术等方面取得迅速发展，使得病人获得较长的生存时间，但肝切除仍是治愈结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）病人的主要治疗方式。肝切除术能够改善病人预后，手术应做到R0切除或者达到无疾病证据状态（NED）；若有复发应积极施行二次手术；原发病灶部位以及淋巴结转移情况对预后影响尚有待研究；结直肠癌确诊至发生肝转移时间间隔越长预后较好（＞2年）。然而，肝转移灶的大小、数目、部位情况等，并不是影响手术预后的主要因素。总之，肝切除对CRLM病人具有良好的预后，同时需要结合病人的切缘状态、残余肝体积、原发病灶及淋巴结转移等因素综合考虑。     

中国《结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南》（V2013）解析

结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗领域近年来发展迅速,中国《结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南》（《指南》）也应运而生,旨在规范和提高我国结直肠癌肝转移的诊疗水平。本文通过解读2013版的《指南》内容,提出应该重视结直肠癌肝转移的相关基因检测．以崩于指导个体化治疗：强调多学科团队在结直肠癌肝转移诊疗中的作用,并合理选择分子靶向药物。同时．就结直肠癌肝转移的手术时机选择、微创手术的应用和肝转移灶的局部’冶疗等方面进行了讨论。     

肝切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移预后影响因素研究进展

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。临床上,结直肠癌病人首次确诊时已有15%～25%发生肝脏转移,中位生存期约为6个月,然而行手术切除肝转移灶后5年存活率可达60%。近年来,虽然在新辅助化疗和外科技术等方面取得迅速发展,使得病人获得较长的生存时间,但肝切除仍是治愈结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）病人的主要治疗方式。肝切除术能够改善病人预后,手术应做到R0切除或者达到无疾病证据状态（NED）;若有复发应积极施行二次手术;原发病灶部位以及淋巴结转移情况对预后影响尚有待研究;结直肠癌确诊至发生肝转移时间间隔越长预后较好（＞2年）。然而,肝转移灶的大小、数目、部位情况等,并不是影响手术预后的主要因素。总之,肝切除对CRLM病人具有良好的预后,同时需要结合病人的切缘状态、残余肝体积、原发病灶及淋巴结转移等因素综合考虑。