乳腺假血管瘤样间质增生MRI表现1例

患者女,36岁,发现左乳肿物半年,逐渐增大2个月入院。查体:左乳外下象限触及一大小约6.0cm×4.0cm肿物,质硬,边界清,活动度可,表面皮肤光滑,未见"橘皮样"改变。超声:左乳囊实性占位,BI-RADS 3类。乳腺MRI:左乳外下象限团块,边界清楚,约6.8cm×6.0cm×5.5cm,FSPGR呈等信号,内见裂隙样低信号区(图1A);脂肪抑制T2WI上呈结节状、片状稍高信号,内见裂隙样高信号     

MRI诊断左小腿促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤一例

<正>患者女,27岁,发现左小腿渐进性增大肿物1个月余入院。于入院前1个月患者无明显诱因出现左小腿外侧肿痛,站立时间较长、行走久时症状明显,无低热、盗汗、夜重昼轻等不适,与天气变化无关,仍可行走及锻炼。MRI检查:左小腿上段偏外侧软组织可见不规则分叶状软组织肿块,T1WI呈稍低信号(图1A),T2WI呈混杂低信号,内部见斑点状稍高信号(图1B),T2脂肪抑制相肿块呈混杂信号(图1C),范围约4.3 cm×     

原发性肝脏血管肉瘤的CT及MRI表现1例

患者男,58岁,间断性右上腹胀痛半年,伴体重减轻入院.既往健康,无肝炎及肝硬化病史.体检:肝区压痛,未触及肿块.实验室检查:HBs Ag(-),AFP、CEA及CA19-9均正常. CT:平扫见肝右叶7 cm×5 cm×4 cm低密度肿块;增强扫描肝动脉期病灶中心斑点状强化,门静脉期和平衡期病灶边缘结节状强化(图1).MR:T1WI呈高低混杂信号,肿块中心斑片状高信号(图2),T2WI呈不均匀明显高信号(图2):增强扫描动脉期肿块中心呈斑点状强化,门静脉、平衡期及延迟扫描增强消退呈低信号,肿块边缘逐渐明显强化.     

鼻咽部EBV阳性小细胞神经内分泌癌伴颈部淋巴结转移1例

<正>患者,男性,54岁,因“回吸涕血1+年,发现颈部包块3+月”入院。MRI示:鼻咽右侧壁增厚,边界不清,向右后咽旁间隙呈铸形生成,向上累及右侧海绵窦,较大层面大小约3.1 cm×1.8 cm×5.4 cm,T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈等高信号,DWI水分子明显弥散受限,增强扫描明显强化;右侧颈血管鞘旁胸锁乳突肌深面见一团块状异常信号影,较大层面大小约2.9 cm×2.8 cm×3.8 cm,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,中央见结节影更高信号,DWI水分子明显弥散受限,增强扫描明显强化(图1,图2)。     

颅内孤立性纤维瘤2例

病例1:女,30岁,右侧面耳部持续性麻木2月余,可忍受,偶感头痛;CT:右侧额顶部可见4.2 cm×6.3 cm×5.5 cm分叶状肿块.病例2:女,35岁,头昏、头痛,左眼视力模糊,伴呕吐4天;CT:右侧颞部见4.0 cm×3.6 cm×3.0 cm形态不规则肿块.2例肿块T2WI均呈不均匀信号,以稍高信号为主,其内可见小条片状稍低信号,并多发点片状高信号,T1WI以等信号为主,其内多发点片状低信号,周围见大片水肿信号;增强后肿块实性部分明显强化(图1),囊变部分未见强化.     

MRI诊断胫骨血管瘤1例

患者女,43岁。左小腿反复胀痛1个月。1个月前无明显诱因左小腿胀痛,与行走无关,无夜间痛、无活动障碍,且反复发作。曾有左踝扭伤史。体检及专科检查未见异常。X线平片:左胫骨中段骨髓腔见长椭圆形稍低密度区,边缘锐利,未见硬化缘。CT检查:左胫骨中段骨髓腔见一3.0cm×1.5cm大小软组织密度影,密度均匀,边界光整,邻近骨皮质受压变薄,呈弧形压迹(图1)。MR检查:左胫骨中段骨髓腔内见1.2cm×1.2cm×3.5cm大小异常信号,T1WI呈与肌肉类似低信号(图2),T2WI呈明显高信号,其内见不规则线状低信号(图3),边界清楚;增强T1WI病变明显持续不均匀强化(…     

腰椎管内硬脊膜下神经束膜瘤1例

患者男,76岁,左下肢疼痛、麻木2个月;既往无特殊病史.查体:左下肢远端肌力2级、近端肌力5级,痛温觉减退.实验室检查未见明显异常.腰椎 M RI:L4 椎管内见 1. 9 cm × 1.3 cm × 1.0 cm结节状肿物,边界较清,呈 T1WI等、T2WI高信号,其内可见不规则T2WI低信号(图1A );增强扫描肿...     

泪腺淋巴瘤超声表现1例

患者男,81岁。因发现右眼上睑外侧肿物1个月就诊;无眼痛、无眼红、无视力模糊等;双侧颈部、腋窝、腹股沟无增大淋巴结。一般情况尚可,无特殊既往史。超声提示:右侧泪腺区一大小约2.5 cm×1.0cm的极低回声肿块,边界清,内回声不均,可见条状高回声(图1a),彩色多普勒可见树枝状丰富的血流信号,测得中等阻力频谱,RI 0.64(图1b)。MRI表现:肿块呈“铸型生长”,T1WI等信号,T2WI稍高信号,增强成均匀中度强化(图1c)。手术后病理:右侧泪腺滤泡性淋巴瘤(Ⅰ级),滤泡型生长模式为主(图1d)。     

术后读片:小腿肿物一例

<正>病例资料男,22岁,左下肢肿痛2月余,发现肿块20d,无发热。体检于左胫前可触及软组织肿块,约2cm×5cm,有压痛,局部皮温不高。图1平片;图2T_1WI轴位;图3T_1WI增强轴位;图4T_1WI冠状位;图5T_2WI冠状位脂肪抑制(邓怀福)。分析1:X线片示左胫骨近段虫蚀状骨质破坏,边界不清,局部可见轻度骨质增生硬化。MRI示双股骨远端及胫腓骨中上段骨髓信号普遍异常,T_1WI信号普遍减低,与肌肉相比呈等或稍高信号;在脂肪抑制T_2WI见双胫骨中上段髓内不均匀高信号,左侧为著,且异常信号穿破部分骨皮质形成软组织肿块,伴     

脑膜黑色素细胞瘤1例

患者男性,27岁。无明显诱因出现复视3天,恶心、呕吐半天。查体:患者单侧视物清晰,复视状态。MRI示左额叶有一7 cm×6 cm×5.4 cm大小的占位性病变,略呈分叶状,T1WI呈高信号,T2WI呈低、稍低信号(图1),增强扫描     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.