非小细胞肺癌脑转移不同放疗方式疗效分析

为了比较不同放疗方式对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的疗效及预后影响因素,回顾性分析97例NSCLC脑转移患者的临床资料.23例接受全脑放疗2周30 Gy/10次(A组);45例接受全脑放疗4周40 Gy/20次(B组);29例接受全脑放疗4周40 Gy/20次,然后局部缩野加量1周10 Gy/5次(C组).A组中住生存时间8.7个月,1年局部控制率为23%;B组中位生存时间8.8个月,1年局部控制率为63%;C组中位生存时间9.2个月,1年局部控制率为84%.3组中位生存时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但C组1年局部控制率明显高于A组.单因素分析表明,颅外转移及脑转移瘤个数是预后的危险因素;多因素Cox模型分析表明,颅外部位转移是预后的独立危险因素.初步研究结果提示,NSCLC脑转移的预后与颅外转移及脑转移瘤个数有关,颅外转移是影响预后的独立因素.     

Treatment options for brain metastases in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

Brain metastases are a common complication for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In the past, treatment of brain metastases and lung cancer focused on symptom palliation with whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and steroids because of the grim outlook for patients. However, recent advances in technology and surgical techniques have created more options for the management of brain metastases, which include surgery, irradiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, and chemotherapy. These aggressive approaches have resulted in an improvement of neurologic outcomes and survival rates of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can be divided into three groups: solitary CNS metastases with controlled or controllable primary disease, oligometastatic disease (fewer than 3 metastases), and multiple metastases. For patients with solitary CNS metastases, long-term survival is possible. A radical treatment approach involving surgical resection or radiosurgery, followed by WBRT, is recommended. For patients with oligometastatic disease, surgical resection or radiosurgery is considered in selected cases and WBRT is indicated. For patients with multiple metastases, WBRT is recommended. For patients with oligometastatic disease and those with multiple metastases, recent evidence indicates that systemically effective chemotherapy may produce responses and can be instituted safely before radiotherapy. The treatment timing of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be individualized.     

EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌脑转移的治疗策略

约10%的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者初诊时出现脑转移,而脑转移为肺癌死亡的主要原因之一.目前全脑放疗(WBRT)仍为脑转移的标准治疗方案,但其疗效已达平台期.酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)在NSCLC脑转移治疗中取得了可观的疗效.TKI联合WBRT可能成为表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的肺癌脑转移的主要治疗手段.     

Iressa治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移

非小细胞肺癌患者脑转移的发生率为20％～40％，虽然有证据提示含铂类方案的化疗对脑转移灶可获得与脑外转移灶类似的反应率，但姑息性的放射治疗仍是目前肺癌脑转移患者的标准治疗方法。令人失望的是其治疗效果甚差，中位生存时间只有3～4月。靶向治疗的出现是否能给这些患者带来希望?目前没有充足的证据。现报告我院2003年1月至2004年6月期间，Iressa治疗8例非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的临床效果。     

吉非替尼治疗50例非小细胞肺癌脑转移的临床分析

背景与目的：非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）脑转移较常见,预后不佳。吉非替尼是一种表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,多应用于治疗晚期NSCLC。本研究拟探讨吉非替尼治疗NSCLC脑转移的疗效、预后及其相关因素。方法：回顾性分析50例NSCLC脑转移患者的临床资料,所有患者均口服吉非替尼250mg/d,直到疾病进展、死亡或发生不可耐受的不良反应。疗效分析采用χ2检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法并进行Log-rank时序检验,用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果：吉非替尼对颅内病灶的疗效为部分缓解5例（10%）,疾病稳定37例（74%）,疾病进展8例（16%）,客观有效率为10%,疾病控制率为84%。全身病变的总体疗效为部分缓解5例（10%）,疾病稳定30例（60%）,疾病进展15例（30%）,客观有效率为10%,疾病控制率为70%。总体疾病控制率与患者的PS评分、脑转移数目具有相关性（P分别为0.004和0.022）,但与年龄、性别、吸烟状况、病理类型、脑转移时间、化疗及放疗与否和不良反应等临床特点未见有相关性（P均〉0.05）。中位疾病进展时间为7.0个月,与患者的PS评分及吸烟状况具有相关性（P分别为0.000和0.045）。中位生存期为10.8个月,1、2年生存率分别为44%和6%。单因素分析显示生存期与患者的PS评分、吸烟状况和脑转移数目具有相关性（P分别为0.011、0.028和0.044）,多因素分析则显示生存期与患者的PS评分、吸烟状况具有相关性（P分别为0.005和0.006）,与脑转移数目接近有统计学意义（P=0.075）。结论：吉非替尼对NSCLC脑转移具有一定的疗效,功能状态良好（PS0～1分）的非吸烟患者具有较好的生存获益,单发脑转移的生存时间有好于多发脑转移的趋势。吉非替尼可以作为NSCLC脑转移的一种治疗选择。     

埃克替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的回顾性研究

目的 探讨埃克替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）脑转移的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析31例采用埃克替尼治疗的NSCLC 脑转移患者的临床资料。所有患者均口服埃克替尼125mg,每天3次,直至疾病进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应,其中25例患者接受脑部放疗。结果 31例患者颅内病灶的有效率（RR）和疾病控制率（DCR）分别为25.8％和83.9％,全身病灶的RR和DCR分别为38.7％和87.1％。接受埃克替尼联合脑部放疗的患者在RR上优于接受埃克替尼单药治疗者,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。RR和DCR与年龄、性别、病理类型、PS评分、脑转移数目、埃克替尼治疗情况、脑部放疗及表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变状况均无关。全组中位无进展生存时间（PFS）为6.5个月（95％CI：4.787～8.213个月）,其中EGFR突变型为10.1个月。PFS与EGFR 基因突变状况有关,而与其他临床病理特征无关。主要不良反应为皮疹、皮肤干燥和腹泻,以1～2级为主。结论 埃克替尼对NSCLC 脑转移有一定疗效,且不良反应可耐受,值得进一步研究。     

Identification of a high-risk group for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Identification of a high-risk group of brain metastases (BM) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could lead to early interventions and probably better...     

全脑放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗肺癌脑转移疗效观察

目的:探讨全脑放疗（WBRT）联合替莫唑胺（TMZ）治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）脑转移的疗效。方法:回顾分析本院2010年-2014年收治的37例接受WBRT联合TMZ同步治疗及TMZ辅助治疗的NSCLC脑转移患者疗效。WBRT剂量30Gy,TMZ放疗同步口服75mg/(m2·d),序贯给予TMZ 150~200mg/(m2·d),连续5天,28天为1周期,3~6周期。结果:完全缓解10.8%(4/37),部分缓解40.5%(15/37)。中位无进展生存时间和中位生存时间分别为8和10个月。最常见不良反应恶心、呕吐,中性粒细胞减少和血小板减少的发生率分别为59.5%（22/37）,32.4%（12/37）,35.1%（13/37）。结论:WBRT联合TMZ同步治疗及TMZ辅助化疗治疗NSCLC脑转移癌安全有效,耐受性良好,不良反应轻,可作为脑转移癌放化疗综合治疗模式之一进行深入研究。     

非小细胞肺癌孤立性骨转移的治疗

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）骨转移的治疗方法有手术、化疗、放疗等。近年来分子靶向治疗如地诺单抗成为NSCLC骨转移新的治疗方法。尽管治疗手段众多,但是NSCLC骨转移患者预后仍未得到明显改善。对于孤立性骨转移患者,积极的治疗可改善患者的生存及预后。     

Treatment for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Recently, with the increasing population of elderly people, the number of patients who suffer from lung cancer has been increasing, necessitating the establishment of treatment for elderly lung cancer patients. However, a standard therapy, for elderly lung cancer patients, including surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, has not been established for the following reasons: (1) there is a difference between calendar age and actual age; and (2) most elderly lung cancer patients are excluded from general clinical study. As a matter of fact, even in elderly patients with good performance status, routine treatments could sometimes cause unpredicted complications. Therefore, some guidelines for treatment of elderly lung cancer patients are necessary. Here, the author reviews the recent common views for treatment of elderly lung cancer patients.     

Recurrent responses to non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases with erlotinib

We report the case of a Caucasian female never smoker with erlotinib sensitive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the brain. Having progressed after receiving whole brain radiotherapy, her brain metastases responded both initially and on re-treatment with erlotinib. However, her extra-cranial disease remained erlotinib-resistant throughout. This case demonstrates that brain metastases may be sensitive to erlotinib and also highlights the oligoclonal nature of non-small cell lung cancer reflected by differential tyrosine kinase inhibitor tumour sensitivity. On the basis of this case we suggest that erlotinib should be considered in the treatment paradigm for patients with intra-cranial disease and propose further study into the continued use of this drug in the situation where there is a differential response.     

非小细胞肺癌脑转移的治疗

30％～50％的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者在疾病进展过程中发生脑转移。NSCLC 脑转移是目前肿瘤治疗的难点之一,治疗措施有手术、放疗、化疗、生物靶向治疗等。目前推荐采用新的预后评分系统来预判患者的预后,根据预后评分选择个体化的治疗方法。     

Response to radiotherapy in brain metastases and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

The present study involves non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer patients with brain metastases, who were treated with radiation therapy, and our aim was to determine response rate and survival. A total of 167 patients were recruited, 155 (125 male, 30 female) of whom were evaluable. Performance status was 0-2 and histology or cytology included 66 (42.58%) adenocarcinomas, 62 (40.00%) undifferentiated and 27 (17.42%) squamous cell carcinomas. The stage of disease at diagnosis was IIIA-B in 92 (59.35%) patients and IV in 63 (40.65%). All patients had whole brain irradiation (3 Gy x 5 days/week for 2 weeks to a total dose of 30 Gy), which was performed by a linear accelerator and a 6-MV photon beam. Objective response was observed in 59/155 (38.06%) patients with 17 (10.97%) complete and 42 (27.09%) partial responses, and median survival of 5 months for all patients [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9-6.1]. Responders had statistically significant longer survival than non-responders. Although responders represented less than half of our patients with NSCLC and brain metastases, they had significantly longer survival.     

EGFR敏感突变非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者临床特征综述

晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)常常合并脑转移,预后和生活质量较差。表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)是常见NSCLC的敏感基因突变类型,与其他分子类型相比,具有不同的分子生物学特征。随着靶向药物的广泛使用,EGFR敏感突变NSCLC脑转移的预后及颅内外控制有很大提高。为了更好地认识EGFR敏感突变NSCLC脑实质转移的特点,本文从脑转移的发病率、发病时间、发病部位、病灶数目及大小、发病症状、靶向治疗疗效和疾病转归等方面综述了EGFR突变阳性NSCLC脑实质转移的临床特征及治疗,为脑实质转移局部治疗的介入时机以及局部治疗技术选择提供参考。     

非小细胞肺癌脑转移调强放射治疗可行性研究

目的:探讨调强放射治疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)脑转移的可行性。方法:选择NSCLC脑转移初治患者30例,分析近期疗效、治疗前后生活质量和毒副作用,与重新设计全脑加后程三维适形(WBRT+3DCRT)和立体定向(WBRT+SRT)放疗计划相比,通过癌旁正常脑组织剂量体积特点分析IMRT的优势。结果:30例患者完全缓解和部分缓解分别为16.7%(5/30)和33.3%(10/30)。治疗后全组IMRT后简短精神状态量表评分为25.67±2.73,较治疗前的22.90±4.94提高,P<0.001;治疗后3～5个转移灶者为24.77±3.24,较治疗前的19.23±4.64提高,P=0.001。全组治疗后日常生活能力量表评分为79.00±14.82,较治疗前的68.67±19.60提高,P<0.001;治疗后3～5个转移灶者为72.31±15.63,较治疗前的55.77±19.13提高,P=0.001。急性Ⅱ级损伤发生率为10%(3/30),晚期Ⅱ级毒副作用1例,Ⅳ级毒副作用1例。IMRT使瘤旁V35(147.56±80.77)、V40(50.86±32.33)和V45(22.32±15.40)明显较3DCRT和SRT减少,尤以3～5个病灶者显著,V35为214.56±58.09,V40为79.29±22.76,V45为34.17±12.64,P值均<0.05。结论:IMRT治疗NSCLC脑转移有效,毒副作用可耐受,转移病灶3～5个的患者选择IMRT可能更优。