马斯洛需要层次论在骨科截肢术护理中的应用

目的 探讨马斯洛需要层次论在骨科截肢患者护理中的应用效果.方法 选取98例截肢患者随机分为研究组与对照组,每组各49例.研究组参照马斯洛需要层次论施行整体护理;对照组采用常规护理.采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)、相关知识掌握情况表、患者对护理工作的满意度表,评价两组患者抑郁、焦虑发生率情况和基本知识掌握情况及患者的满意度.结果 研究组患者的焦虑、抑郁发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),研究组患者对护理工作的满意度和知识掌握程度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 应用马斯洛需要层次论对截肢患者施行整体护理,收到满意效果,有利于患者的心理调适、满足了患者的知情权、从而提高了护理质量.     

An empirical test of Maslow's theory of need hierarchy using hologeistic comparison by statistical sampling

Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs provides a major theoretical framework in nursing science. The purpose of this study was to empirically test Maslow's need theory, specifically at the levels of physiological and security needs, using a hologeistic comparative method. Thirty cultures taken from the 60 cultural units in the Health Relations Area Files (HRAF) Probability Sample were found to have data available for examining hypotheses about thermoregulatory (physiological) and protective (security) behaviors practiced prior to sleep onset. The findings demonstrate there is initial worldwide empirical evidence to support Maslow's need hierarchy.     

Maslow's hierarchy of needs: a framework for achieving human potential in hospice

Although the widespread implementation of hospice in the United States has led to tremendous advances in the care of the dying, there has been no widely accepted psychological theory to drive needs assessment and intervention design for the patient and family. The humanistic psychology of Abraham Maslow, especially his theory of motivation and the hierarchy of needs, has been widely applied in business and social science, but only sparsely discussed in the palliative care literature. In this article we review Maslow's original hierarchy, adapt it to hospice and palliative care, apply the adaptation to a case example, and then discuss its implications for patient care, education, and research. The five levels of the hierarchy of needs as adapted to palliative care are: (1) distressing symptoms, such as pain or dyspnea; (2) fears for physical safety, of dying or abandonment; (3) affection, love and acceptance in the face of devastating illness; (4) esteem, respect, and appreciation for the person; (5) selfactualization and transcendence. Maslow's modified hierarchy of palliative care needs could be utilized to provide a comprehensive approach for the assessment of patients' needs and the design of interventions to achieve goals that start with comfort and potentially extend to the experience of transcendence.     

马斯洛需要层次论在实习护生临床带教中的应用现状

马斯洛需要层次论重视人的需要、尊严和价值。带教老师在护生实习过程中正确应用该理论,有针对性地帮助护生满足不同层次的需求,可以激发护生的热情,调动其学习积极性,有利于护生树立正确的价值观,坚定其专业思想;有助于发挥护生自身最大的潜力,提高实习质量,使护生在较短的时期内以最佳的状态实现从护生到护士的转折。     

综合性医院门诊患者护理需求调查与分析

目的探讨综合性医院门诊患者的护理需求。方法采用自设问卷，通过方便抽样选择上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金和仁济2所综合性医院的门诊患者共200例，根据不同性别、年龄、文化程度、收入及是否医保等方面进行护理需求调查。结果需求程度为5分的非常需要占所有需求程度的61．71％；其中安全需要得分最高（平均4．8019分）；不同性别、学历、年龄、个人月收入水平和医疗费用的门诊患者，其各层次的护理需求程度具有统计学意义，而不同籍贯、居住地及有无宗教信仰的患者在各层次护理需求上差异无统计学意义。结论门诊患者普遍存在程度较高的护理需求且护理需求是多维的，具有共性的，但存在个体差异；门诊护理人员应该熟练运用马斯洛人类需要层次理论以满足门诊患者的护理需求；管理部门努力改善门诊设施及就医环境，使门诊医疗水平得以全面提高。     

马斯洛需要层次理论在脑肿瘤切除手术室护理中的应用

目的 探讨马斯洛需要层次理论在脑肿瘤切除手术室护理中的应用效果.方法 将114例脑肿瘤切除患者按手术室护理方式不同分为两组,每组57例.观察组接受马斯洛需要层次理论指导下手术室护理,对照组接受手术室常规护理.比较两组的手术耐受性、服务质量量表评分、并发症发生率、干预前后康德-戴维森韧性量表评分、术后1周末创伤后应激障碍...     

Unsatisfied basic needs of older patients in emergency care environments - obstacles to an active role in decision making

Little attention is paid in Emergency Care Units (ECUs) in Sweden to the special needs of older people. The aim of this study was thus to analyse older people's basic needs in the emergency care environment. The study was carried out with a life-world interpretative approach, and the theoretical framework for interpretation was Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation and personality. Seven informants aged between 65 and 88 years, with various experiences of being patients with urgent as well as non-urgent health-related problems, were interviewed about their experiences of ECU care. Their basic needs at the lower levels of Maslow's hierarchy were well-represented in the data. Higher needs, such as desire to know and understand, appeared to be totally neglected. Safety needs dominated the whole situation. Our conclusion is that standards of care must be developed in Sweden to make older patients feel safer and more secure in ECUs. Furthermore, the principles of nursing care for older patients need to be defined in order to encourage them to take an active part in their own health process.     

基于马斯洛需求层次理论农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系的构建

目的 构建农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,为科学评估留守老年人的社会支持需求现状提供依据。方法 基于马斯洛需求层次理论,采用文献研究、焦点小组、德尔菲法建立农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系,于2020年3—7月对14名专家进行2轮专家咨询,应用SPSS 23.0计算专家积极系数、权威系数与协调系数,经小组讨论后对条目进行修改,应用Yaahp 确定各级指标权重与组合权重。结果 2轮专家函询的有效回收率分别为100%和93%,专家权威系数分别为0.797和0.810,2轮专家Kendall's W系数为0.236~0.529（均P<0.001）。最终形成的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估指标包括5个一级指标、11个二级指标、56个三级指标。5个一级指标的权重分别为0.315、0.315、0.118、0.192和0.060。结论 本研究构建的农村留守老年人社会支持需求评估体系具有科学性和可靠性,可用于判断农村地区留守老年人的社会支持需求,以构建有针对性的社会支持体系,为养老服务的建设提供参考。     

住院病人和护士对服务需求层次认知的比较研究

目的:分析临床护士和病人对服务需求层次的认知差别,为提高护理服务水平提供参考。方法:根据Maslow需要理论的7个层次,用自行设计的住院病人服务需求调查表随机调查311名住院病人和310名临床护士。结果:病人和护士对服务需求7个维度的认知排序有差别;病人和护士对维度1、2、3、4、5、6的认知程度差异有极显著意义(P<0.01),病人和护士对维度7的认知程度无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:护理工作应以病人的需求为出发点,只有满足病人的需求,才能提高护理品质,提升护士的形象。     

住院患者基础护理及陪护需求的调查

目的调查住院患者基础护理及陪护需求,以探索适合卫生部“优质护理服务示范工程”的基础护理服务模式。方法以Orem自理理论及马斯洛需要层次论为依据设计问卷,调查住院患者基础护理需求及陪护需求。结果在基础护理需求方面,200例患者中84．5％患者愿意在有自理能力时进行自护,而在生活不能自理时由护士提供医学照顾;69．5％的患者希望在住院期问有亲人陪伴;在陪住需求方面,患者自己无法自理时58．5％患者希望住院期间亲人能协助生活护理。住院期间希望家人陪护的原因调查中68．0患者选择是亲情表现,64．0％患者认为是孝顺的表现,78．5％认为是心理需求。结论按需实施基础护理既有利于促进患者康复、回归社会,又有利于护理专业发展,缓解护理服务与护理收费不对等的矛盾,是适合卫生部优质护理服务的基础护理模式。     

Understanding hospitality house guests' needs: a brief case report

A.E. Kazak's (2006) call to develop theory-driven and empirically supported programs aimed at strengthening the competencies of families affected by pediatric illness applies to both medical and nonmedical facilities and institutions that care for pediatric patients and their loved ones. M.K.W. Duncan and A. Blugis (in press, this issue) note that despite the intuitive and practical nature of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, no theory translates into an infallible understanding of any individual guest's needs or a program of universally applied best practice standards for meeting those needs. Using Maslow's theory as a framework, this brief report describes the complexity and fluidity of one mother's needs during her stay at a hospitality house following the birth of her premature twin babies.     

Managing the care of patients who have visual impairment

An ageing population means that the incidence of people who are visually impaired will increase. However, extending the role of ophthalmic nurses will promote delivery of a more effective health service for these patients. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a basis for addressing the care of patients with visual impairment is a means of ensuring that they receive high quality, appropriate care at the right time.     

Basic human needs of nursing professional: situations of (dis)satisfaction at work

Care is associated with the nursing actions considering, above all, a group of needs of the nursing team. The objectives of this study were: to characterize situations of (dis) satisfaction of the nursing team at work and analyze their possible implications. Maslow's theory of basic human needs was used to understand the motivational factors, and a qualitative methodology was used applying quantitative techniques. The method consisted of participant observation with registers on a filed diary associated to the application of a questionnaire on 18 participants from the nursing team of a Public Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The study indicates that the basic needs of the nursing team are compromised, especially safety and physiological needs, which are the most primary. The compromising of the subjects' primary needs implies health hazards and reduced work performance in hospital settings.     

对陪护人员实施人性化管理的做法

目的探讨对陪护人员实施人性化管理。方法按照马斯洛需要层次论满足陪护人员的身心需求。帮助解决生活中存在的问题;定期、循序渐进地进行护理知识培训,建立陪护人员档案。结果 35例病人对陪护人员满意率为85.7%。结论对陪护人员实施人性化管理,可提升陪护质量和陪护人员的素质,促进医院社会效益和经济效益的提高。     

The relationship between basic need satisfaction and emotional eating

Eating in response to emotions may lead to the consumption of excessive calories which typically leads to weight gain. This study examined the relationship between basic need satisfaction as identified by Maslow's hierarchy and emotional eating. According to Modeling and Role-Modeling theory, when lack of basic need satisfaction functions as a stressor, individuals may be more likely to engage in emotional eating as a substitute for fulfilling their needs in order to maintain homeostasis. The Basic Need Satisfaction Inventory (BNSI) had a strong, negative correlation (r = -.49; p < .001) to the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) indicating that the lower the level of basic need satisfaction, the more likely one engaged in emotional eating. In predicting EES score, 27.7% of the variance was explained by the self-esteem subscale of BNSI. This study supports looking at underlying issues contributing to weight gain in order to develop effective interventions for weight management.     

Motivations, concerns, and expectations of Scandinavian health professionals volunteering for humanitarian assignments.

International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian assistance employ millions of volunteers. One of the major challenges for the organizations is the high turnover rate among their personnel. Another is recruiting the right persons. As part of a series of studies investigating factors that affect the recruitment process and the success of assignment, this qualitative study examined health professionals' motivations for volunteering, their various concerns, and their expectations about themselves and the organizations for which they would work. The findings from focus group interviews with potential humanitarian volunteers were considered within the framework of Hertzberg's theory of motivations and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The study has significant implications for personnel policy and practice in the humanitarian sector. Recruitment officers should have the self-actualized person, as described by Maslow, in mind when interviewing candidates. This perspective would make it easier for them to understand the candidates' thoughts and concerns and would lead to more effective interventions. Program officers should have satisfiers and dissatisfiers, as identified by Herzberg, in mind when planning programs. The probability that personnel will leave humanitarian work is lower if they perceive working conditions as good.     

Teaching patient-centered holistic care

Nursing education aims to help students understand concepts and gain competencies in holistic care. The purpose of this paper was to present a nursing curriculum that adapted and introduced holistic care into an adult nursing curriculum taught at a university of science and technology. The course framework included both holistic and nursing domains. The holistic aspect addressed client physical psychological-spiritual needs and related factors, health related factors, and the status of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and related factors. The nursing aspect addressed the way in which nursing was applied to identify client problems and provide individualized, integrated and continuous care in hospital, family or community based settings employing primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. Scenario with problem based learning and concept mapping were used in class to guide students to consider in depth the concepts that underpin holistic care.     

住院病人护理服务需求的研究进展

综述了国内外住院病人护理服务需求的研究,依据Maslow的人类基本需要层次理论展开阐述,总结不同病人在住院期间的护理服务需求,并分析了病人护理服务需求的影响因素.     

基于马斯洛需要层次理论护理干预对脊柱骨折手术患者心理弹性及预后的影响

目的 探讨基于马斯洛需要层次理论护理干预对脊柱骨折手术患者心理弹性及预后的影响.方法 将94例胸腰段脊柱骨折手术患者按入院时间顺序分为两组,各47例.对照组实施常规干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于马斯洛需要层次理论的护理干预,观察2个月.比较两组术后恢复情况、疼痛状况、腹背部伸肌肌力、脊柱状态、并发症发生率、护理满意...     

Maslow's needs hierarchy as a framework for evaluating hospitality houses' resources and services

As hospitality houses welcome greater numbers of families and families requiring longer stays, they do so in the absence of a widely accepted theory to guide their understanding of guests' needs and evaluations of how well they meet those needs. We propose A. Maslow's (1970) Hierarchy of Needs as a conceptual framework for understanding what makes a hospitality house a home for families of pediatric patients and for guiding the activities of hospitality houses' boards of directors, staff, volunteers, and donors. This article presents findings from a theory-driven evaluation of one hospitality house's ability to meet guests' needs, describes the house's best practice standards for addressing guests' needs, and suggests areas for future research.