经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支撑架分流术

经颈静脉肝内门、体静脉支撑架分流术.Transi-ugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt,以下简称为TIPSS),是一种介入放射学新技术.其基本概念是采用经皮穿刺右侧颈静脉的介入性方法建立肝内的、位于肝静脉及门静脉主要分枝之间的分流通道,并以特殊的金属支撑架维持其永久性通畅,达到治疗门脉高压或同时治疗继发的静脉曲张性消化道出血.该技术首先由德国海德堡大学外科医院的     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术相关内科问题

门静脉高压时侧支循环的开放是造成消化道出血的重要原因,因此,针对静脉曲张大出血的患者,完整传统经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)的概念除肝内门体分流之外,还应包括对侧支曲张静脉的栓塞(断流),也有观点认为还应包括限流(部分脾栓塞术).     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压症

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)是一项专门治疗门静脉高压症的介入治疗新技术.该技术于1969年首先报道,经过30多年的探索与发展,已日臻成熟,现已被广泛用于伴有食管胃底静脉曲张出血,顽固性腹水、Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)等的门静脉高压症的治疗,并取得了显著疗效.     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗肝肺综合征

我们采用经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（ＴＩＰＳ）治疗了３例肝肺综合症（ＨＰＳ）患者，现报道如下。 １．资料与方法：（１）临床资料：３例ＨＰＳ患者，为肝炎后肝硬化，均为男性，年龄４５－５２岁．慢性肝炎病史 １０－１５年。１例于１０年前行脾切除术；３例患者均有呕血便血史，术前胃镜检查食道静脉曲张中到重度；活动性肝硬化２例，静止性肝硬化１例。Ｃｈｉｌｄ分级Ａ级１例，Ｂ级２例。３例患者均排除支气管肺部疾病，超声心动及心电图检查正常。３例符合ＨＰＳ的诊断标准［１］， 低氧血症经血气分析、动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ２…     

肝静脉压力梯度与经颈静脉肝内门体分流术

肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)是临床上监测肝硬化门静脉高压重要的指标,以肝静脉楔入压(WHVP)减去肝静脉游离压(FHVP)而获得。正常值为3~5mmHg。当HVPG≥10mmHg时,称为有意义的门脉高压,即可导致静脉曲张;当HVPG≥12mmHg时,可致使曲张静脉破裂出血。近年来,HVPG的临床价值再次受到研究者的关注。HVPG在预测肝硬化门静脉高压并发的食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)风险,筛选对非选择性β受体阻滞剂应答患者,预估活动性EGVB患者药物和内镜治疗效果,以及指导经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗的潜在价值等方面有较深入的研究,在不同版本的肝硬化门静脉高压诊治指南中被推荐应用。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术对肝功能的影响

经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术(Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts TIPSS)是治疗门脉高压的介入放射学新疗法.TIPSS对缓解门静脉高压作用迅速而显著.但是它也可能带给患者一些并发症,如肝性脑病、腹腔内出血、分流道阻塞、肝功能损害等[1].通过对我校开展的TIPSS手术病例进行回顾性分析,进一步验证TIPSS对肝功能的损害,并对其作用机制及其影响因素做一探讨.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术的罕见并发症及其防治

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts,TIPS)已成为治疗门脉高压症相关并发症的常规方法,特别是药物、内镜、外科手术治疗效果不佳的食管胃静脉曲张破裂所致反复大出血,以及Budd-Chiari综合征、顽固性胸腹水、肝肾综合征等.尽管如此,TI...     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压专家共识

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（TIPS）广泛应用于门静脉高压及其并发症的治疗。近年来,TIPS的适应证、手术方式、术后管理等相关研究都有了新的进展。中华医学会消化病学分会消化微创介入协作组邀请TIPS领域（包括消化科、肝病科、介入放射科、肝胆外科）的相关专家,以循证医学为依据,更新TIPS治疗门静脉高压共识意见,旨在规范和推进TIPS技术在门静脉高压治疗中的临床应用和术后管理。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术诊治先天性肝纤维化1例

先天性肝纤维化（CHF）是一种罕见的与胆管板畸形相关的肝内胆管遗传发育障碍疾病,无特异性临床表现,易误诊或漏诊。现报道1例误诊为肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者在行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗时发现,最后经病理学检查确诊为CHF患者的临床资料,以期提高CHF的诊治水平。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症临床研究

目的 探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的疗效,并总结术中操作关键点,以指导临床治疗。方法 2012年3月~2017年1月诊治的147例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,术前行肝脏增强CT和肝静脉-门静脉血管CT三维重建,再行TIPS治疗。结果 147例患者均经右颈静脉入路穿刺,操作成功146例（99.3%）;术中发生穿刺胆管、胆囊、肝动脉和肝包膜者分别为5例（3.4%）、2例（1.4%）、4例（2.7%）和8例（5.5%）;2例（1.4%）发生异位栓塞;术前患者干质量（13.0±2.1） kg,空腹血糖（6.4±1.0） mmol/L,空腹胰岛素（20.2±9.3） mU/L,白蛋白（37.4±5.0） g/L,肌酐（59.2±15.9） μmol/L,尿素（5.1±1.6） mmol/L,总胆红素（18.6±5.0） μmol/L,血氨（66.8±24.3） μmol/L;术后3个月,上述指标分别为（15.4±3.2） kg、（5.8±1.4） mmol/L、（15.3±3.3） mU/L、（34.8±3.6） g/L、（58.5±10.9） μmol/L、（4.1±1.6） mmol/L、（27.3±7.2） μmol/L、（70.1±34.4） μmol/L,即术后门静脉压明显下降,干质量、总胆红素水平明显上升,空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、白蛋白、尿素水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;随访12个月,发生支架狭窄31例（21.2%）,肝性脑病25例（17.1%）。结论 TIPS是治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的可靠方法。手术的重点在于精确的穿刺定位,术前行CT检查和肝静脉-门静脉血管三维重建、术中行门静脉造影有助于保证穿刺操作的成功。     

Targeted puncture of left branch of intrahepatic portal vein in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt to reduce hepatic encephalopathy

BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) is currently used for the treatment of complications of portal hypertension. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) remains a problem in TIPS placement. It has been reported that the right branch mainly receives superior mesenteric venous blood while the left branch mainly receives blood from the splenic vein. We hypothesized that targeted puncture of the left portal vein would divert the non-nutritive blood from the splenic vein into the TIPS shunt; therefore, targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE.AIM To evaluate the influence of targeted puncture of left branch of portal vein in TIPS on HE.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1244 patients with portal-hypertension-related complications of refractory ascites or variceal bleeding who underwent TIPS from January 2000 to January 2013 was performed. Patients were divided into group A(targeting left branch of portal vein, n = 937) and group B(targeting right branch of portal vein, n = 307). TIPS-related HE and clinical outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS The symptoms of ascites and variceal bleeding disappeared within a short time.By the endpoint of follow-up, recurrent bleeding and ascites did not differ significantly between groups A and B(P = 0.278, P = 0.561, respectively).Incidence of HE differed significantly between groups A and B at 1 mo(14.94% vs36.80%, χ~2 = 4.839, P = 0.028), 3 mo(12.48% vs 34.20%, χ~2 = 5.054, P = 0.025), 6 mo(10.03% vs 32.24%, χ~2 = 6.560, P = 0.010), 9 mo(9.17% vs 31.27%, χ~2 = 5.357, P =0.021), and 12 mo(8.21% vs 28.01, χ~2 = 3.848, P = 0.051). There were no significant differences between groups A and B at 3 years(6.61% vs 7.16%, χ~2 = 1.204, P =0.272) and 5 years(5.01% vs 6.18%, χ~2 = 0.072, P = 0.562). The total survival rate did not differ between groups A and B(χ~2 = 0.226, P = 0.634, log-rank test).CONCLUSION Targeted puncture of the left branch of the intrahepatic portal vein during TIPS may reduce the risk of HE but has no direct influence on prognosis of portalhypertension-related complications.     

Use of doppler ultrasound to predict need for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt revision

BACKGROUNDTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is used to treat complications of portal hypertension, such as ascites and variceal bleeding (VB). While liver doppler ultrasound (DUS) is used to assess TIPS patency, trans-shunt venography (TSV) is the gold standard.AIMTo determine the accuracy of DUS to assess TIPS dysfunction and for need for revision.METHODSRetrospective review of patients referred for TIPS revision from 2008-2021. Demographics, DUS parameters at baseline and at the DUS preceding TIPS revision, TSV data were collected. Receiver operating characteristics curves, sensitivity, specificity, performance for doppler to predict need for revision were performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to predict clinical factors associated with need for TIPS revision.RESULTSThe cohort consisted of 89 patients with cirrhosis (64% men, 76% white, 31% alcohol as etiology); median age 59 years. Indication for initial TIPS were VB (41%), refractory ascites (51%), and other (8%). TIPS was revised in 44%. On univariate analysis, factors associated with need for TIPS revision were male (P = 0.03), initial indication for TIPS (P = 0.05) and indication for revision (P = 0.01). Revision of TIPS was associated with lower mortality (26% vs 46%) and significantly lower rates of transplant (13% vs 24%; P = 0.1). In predicting need for TIPS revision, DUS has a 40% sensitivity, 45% specificity, PPV 78%, and NPV 14%. The most accurate location for shunt velocity measure was distal velocity (Area under the curve: 0.79; P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONDUS has poor overall sensitivity and specificity in predicting need for TIPS revision. Non-invasive methods of predicting TIPS dysfunction are needed since those needing TIPS revision had better survival.     

Parallel transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for controlling portal hypertension complications in cirrhotic patients

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of a second parallel transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to reduce portal venous pressure and control complications of portal hypertension.METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2012, 10 cirrhotic patients were treated for complications of portal hypertension. The demographic data, operative data, postoperative recovery data, hemodynamic data, and complications were analyzed.RESULTS: Ten patients underwent a primary and parallel TIPS. Technical success rate was 100% with no technical complications. The mean duration of the first operation was 89.20 ± 29.46 min and the second operation was 57.0 ± 12.99 min. The mean portal system pressure decreased from 54.80 ± 4.16 mmHg to 39.0 ± 3.20 mmHg after the primary TIPS and from 44.40 ± 3.95 mmHg to 26.10 ± 4.07 mmHg after the parallel TIPS creation. The mean portosystemic pressure gradient decreased from 43.80 ± 6.18 mmHg to 31.90 ± 2.85 mmHg after the primary TIPS and from 35.60 ± 2.72 mmHg to 15.30 ± 3.27 mmHg after the parallel TIPS creation. Clinical improvement was seen in all patients after the parallel TIPS creation. One patient suffered from transient grade I hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after the primary TIPS and four patients experienced transient grade I-II after the parallel TIPS procedure. Mean hospital stay after the first and second operations were 15.0 ± 3.71 d and 16.90 ± 5.11 d (P = 0.014), respectively. After a mean 14.0 ± 3.13 mo follow-up, ascites and bleeding were well controlled and no stenosis of the stents was found.CONCLUSION: Parallel TIPS is an effective approach for controlling portal hypertension complications.     

Portal vein aneurysm associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A case report

A 65-year-old woman with Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) presented with right upper quadrant pain.A computed tomography(CT) scan showed a saccular aneurysm located at the extrahepatic portal vein main branch measuring 3.2 cm in height and 2.5 cm × 2.4 cm in diameter.The aneurysm was thought to be associatedwith BCS as there was no preceding history of trauma and it had not been present on Doppler ultrasound examination performed 3 years previously.Because of increasing pain and concern for complications due to aneurysm size, the decision was made to relieve the hepatic venous outflow obstruction.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) was created without complications.She had complete resolution of her abdominal pain within 2 d and remained asymptomatic after 1 year of follow-up.CT scans obtained after TIPS showed that the aneurysm had decreased in size to 2.4 cm in height and 2.0 cm × 1.9 cm in diameter at 3 mo, and had further decreased to 1.9 cm in height and 1.6 cm × 1.5 cm in diameter at 1 year.     

经颈静脉门体静脉分流术精准技术与合理分流道的建立*

门静脉高压(portal hypertension,PH)是一组由门静脉压力持久增高引起的症候群,是肝硬化的主要并发症,可引起包括腹水、食管胃静脉曲张、肝性脑病和肝肾综合征等并发症。介入治疗是治疗门静脉高压的重要组成部分,其中经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)是介入治疗的核心技术,已广泛应用于临床,已使大量的门静脉高压患者受益[1-4]。尽管TIPS临床应用已经有30年左右的历史,但TIPS技术因其操作难度大,风险高,尤其是在缺乏经验的临床中心,在施行过程中出现问题时有发生。可发生患者原有的门静脉高压症状无改善或加重、原始分流道无功能、功能不全、分流道狭窄,更有甚者,发生心功能和肝功能衰竭、腹腔内出血,术中或术后短期内死亡等。这些问题的出现与许多因素有关,包括术前准备和评估不足、术中技术应用不当、术后随访管理不及时等。本文就TIPS术中穿刺技术精准性和建立合理的分流道的重要性进行了阐述。     

Combined transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal hypertension

AIM: To evaluate combination transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) and other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and portal hypertension.METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-one patients with HCC and portal hypertension underwent TIPS combined with other interventional treatments(transarterial chemoembolization/transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation,hepatic arterio-portal fistulas embolization,and splenic artery embolization) from January 1997 to January 2010 at Beijing Shijitan Hospital. Two hundred and nine patients(121 male and 88 female,aged 25-69 years,mean 48.3 ± 12.5 years) with complete clinical data were recruited. We evaluated the safety of the procedure(procedurerelated death and serious complications),change of portal vein pressure before and after TIPS,symptom relief [e.g.,ascites,hydrothorax,esophageal gastricfundus variceal bleeding(EGVB)],cumulative rates of survival,and distributary channel restenosis. The characteristics of the patients surviving ≥ 5 and 5 years were also analyzed.RESULTS: The portosystemic pressure was decreased from 29.0 ± 4.1 mm Hg before TIPS to 18.1 ± 2.9 mm Hg after TIPS(t = 69.32,P 0.05). Portosystemic pressure was decreased and portal hypertension symptoms were ameliorated. During the 5 year followup,the total recurrence rate of resistant ascites or hydrothorax was 7.2%(15/209); 36.8%(77/209) for EGVB; and 39.2%(82/209) for hepatic encephalopathy. The cumulative rates of distributary channel restenosis at 1,2,3,4,and 5 years were 17.2%(36/209),29.7%(62/209),36.8%(77/209),45.5%(95/209) and 58.4%(122/209),respectively. No procedure-related deaths and serious complications(e.g.,abdominal bleeding,hepatic failure,and distant metastasis) occurred. Moreover,Child-Pugh score,portal vein tumor thrombosis,lesion diameter,hepatic arterio-portal fistulas,HCC diagnosed before or after TIPS,stent type,hepatic encephalopathy,and type of other interventional treatments were related to 5 year survival after comparing patient characteristics.CONCLUSION: TIPS combined with other interventional treatments seems to be safe and efficacious in patients with HCC and portal hypertension.     

Shunting branch of portal vein and stent position predict survival after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

AIM:To evaluate the effect of the shunting branch of the portal vein(PV)(left or right)and the initial stent position(optimal or suboptimal)of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed 307 consecu5tive cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS placement for variceal bleeding from March 2001 to July 2010 at our center.The left PV was used in 221 patients and the right PV in the remaining 86 patients.And,224 and83 patients have optimal stent position and sub-optimal stent positions,respectively.The patients were followed until October 2011 or their death.Hepatic encephalopathy,shunt dysfunction,and survival were evaluated as outcomes.The difference between the groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis.A Cox regression model was employed to evaluate the predictors.RESULTS:Among the patients who underwent TIPS to the left PV,the risk of hepatic encephalopathy(P=0.002)and mortality were lower(P<0.001)compared to those to the right PV.Patients who underwent TIPS with optimal initial stent position had a higher primary patency(P<0.001)and better survival(P=0.006)than those with suboptimal initial stent position.The shunting branch of the portal vein and the initial stent position were independent predictors of hepatic encephalopathy and shunt dysfunction after TIPS,respectively.And,both were independent predictors of survival.CONCLUSION:TIPS placed to the left portal vein with optimal stent position may reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy and improve the primary patency rates,thereby prolonging survival.