颅脑外伤所致精神障碍病人的康复护理

精神障碍是颅脑外伤的常见并发症之一。我科2003年3月至2004年10月收治颅脑外伤96例，其中88例生存者在其生命体征平稳后的康复阶段中，均出现不同程度的精神障碍，经我科护士的精心护理，取得满意的临床效果。现将护理体会报告如下。     

小儿颅脑外伤护理体会

小儿颅脑外伤时有发生，多因坠落、撞击或交通事故引起。我科自1995年至2004年共收治98例，占同期颅脑外伤的18．5％。现回顾性总结临床资料，就护理体会报告如下。     

120例脾外伤病人的护理体会

脾外伤多发生于交通伤，冶金工业外伤和打击伤，常合并有颅脑、胸腹伤和骨折，出血多常并发失血性休克和脏器功能不全，严重者危及生命，临床护理极为重要。我科自1985年12月至2003年12月收治120例脾外伤，经过精心治疗和护理，取得了满意效果。现将护理体会报告如下。     

基层医院颅脑外伤患者早期康复护理的效果评价

目的 观察并分析对基层医院颅脑外伤患者应用早期康复护理的临床效果.方法 2008年1月～2014年12月,我院共收治200例颅脑外伤患者,按照随机的方式将其列入观察组与对照组,每组各为100例.护理人员按照常规对两组患者进行护理干预,在此基础上,对观察组患者应用早期康复护理干预.对比分析两组患者的治疗有效率及其对临床护理服务的满意度.结果 观察组患者的治疗有效率及其对临床护理服务的满意度要显著高于对照组,比较差异有显著性的统计学意义(P＜0 05).结论 对颅脑外伤患者实施早期康复护理,能够有效地提高患者的治疗有效率和满意度,值得推广.     

心理护理干预对颅脑外伤患者焦虑状态的影响

目的 研究并探甘心理护理干预对颅脑外伤患者焦虑状态的影响.方法 选取于2013年6月～2014年6月在本院接受治疗的颅脑外伤患者84例,将其随机分成两组,分别是观察组42例,对照组42例.观察组的患者在常规护理的基础上实行心理干预治疗,而对照组仅仅采用常规护理,一段时间后观察并对比两组患者的心理焦虑状况.结果 两组患者的焦虑状态都得到了一定的改善,但是观察组患者的焦虑状态改善程度比对照组更好,患者满意度相较于对照组也更高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0 05).结论 心理护理干预措施对改善颅脑外伤患者的焦虑状态有促进作用,效果明显,能够减轻患者的不安心理和缓解其焦虑心情,使患者早日康复,值得临床推广使用.     

重型颅脑损伤病人气管切开后的护理体会

气管切开是抢救颅脑外伤和其他疾病并发呼吸困难的最有效方法.本文回顾性分析我科2005年5月至2009年5月24例重型颅脑外伤患者的临床资料,总结气管切开术后预防肺内感染的护理体会.现报告如下.     

重度颅脑外伤术后高热患者使用冰毯机与冰敷降温的疗效观察及护理

目的探讨使用冰毯机与冰敷降温对重度颅脑外伤术后高热患者的降温效果及护理。方法收集脑外重症监护室2013年9月~2014年9月重度颅脑外伤术后高热患者40例,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组20例。观察组使用冰毯机降温,对照组使用冰袋在大动脉处冷敷。结果观察组降温效果好,经统计学处理,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用冰毯机降温比冰敷降温效果更快、更安全、持久,同时也减少了护理工作量,提高了护理工作效率。     

老年重型颅脑外伤的病情观察

老年重型颅脑外伤病情重,死亡率高。我科1989年～1997年共收治本病病人93例,由于观察准确,治疗及时,护理得当,取得了良好的效果,死亡率为46.3％,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料:男64例,女29例。年龄60～     

重症颅脑外伤并发应激性溃疡的护理

应激性溃疡是指机体在各类严重创伤、危重疾病等严重应激状态下发生的急性消化道糜烂、溃疡等病变，最后可导致消化道出血、穿孔，并使原有病变恶化的急性致死性并发症。应激性溃疡在重症颅脑外伤病人中较为常见，我科自2005年9月至2009年9月共收治128例重症颅脑外伤病例，其中32例并发应激性溃疡，现将护理对策与体会报告如下。     

小儿颅脑外伤的特点与诊治体会

小儿颅脑外伤多由坠落、撞击或交通事故引起，临床较常见。自1995年至2004年10月两家医院共收治各种小儿颅脑外伤128例，现通过回顾性总结分析小儿颅脑外伤的特点与诊治体会汇报如下。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964