氯胺酮和七氟醚用于小儿疝气的比较

目的:比较静注氯胺酮与吸入七氟醚麻醉在小儿疝气手术中的麻醉效果及安全性.方法:选择期行疝气修补术的患儿80例,随机分为氯胺酮组和七氟醚组,每组各40例.氟胺酮组鼻导管供氧后静注咪唑安定0.1mg/kg和氯胺酮2mg/kg;七氟醚组面罩吸入6％的七氟醚,氧流量为4L/min.观察两组诱导和苏醒时间,诱导时是否合作,以及呼吸抑制、恶心、呕吐、术中体动和知晓及苏醒期躁动发生率.结果:与氯胺酮组组相比,七氟醚组能较好接受诱导,诱导、苏醒时间较短,术中体动及苏醒期躁动发生率较低(P＜0.05);两组呕吐等不良反应和术中知晓发生率差异无统计学意义.结论:吸入七氟醚麻醉具有诱导快速、平稳、呼吸系统并发症少、小儿乐于接受的特点,可替代目前小儿疝气手术中常用的静注氯胺酮的麻醉方法.     

异氟醚与氯胺酮麻醉诱导对婴儿唇腭裂修复术后苏醒的比较

目的比较异氟醚与氯胺酮麻醉诱导对婴儿唇腭裂术后苏醒的影响.方法对208例1～12月婴儿全麻下行唇腭裂修复术的病例进行分析,按照不同的麻醉诱导方法分为氯胺酮组(K组)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组),比较两组术后自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、清醒时间、送入恢复室的例数、恢复室停留时间以及苏醒期躁动发生率.结果Ⅰ组自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、清醒时间、送入恢复室的例数以及恢复室停留时间均少于K组,而Ⅰ组苏醒期躁动的发生率高于K组.结论和氯胺酮诱导相比,异氟醚吸入诱导用于婴儿唇腭裂修复术有利于患儿术后的快速苏醒,但同时苏醒期躁动的发生率增加.     

喉罩吸入七氟醚联合骶麻在小儿尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的 研究喉罩吸入七氟醚全麻联合骶麻在小儿尿道下裂手术中的应用效果.方法 择期行尿道下裂成形术的患儿60例,年龄1～6岁,随机均分为喉罩吸入七氟醚联合骶麻组(A组),喉罩吸入七氟醚组(B组)和丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉组(C组).术中均保留自主呼吸.记录呼吸循环变化,诱导和苏醒时间,术中体动和术后不良反应的发生率.结果 与C组相比,A、B组诱导平稳,苏醒时间明显缩短(P<0.05).切皮后30、60 min、术毕时B、C组HR明显快于A组和诱导前(P<0.05).B、C组术中体动、气道辅助处理和苏醒期躁动发生率明显高于A组(P<0.05).结论 喉罩吸入七氟醚全麻联合骶麻气道管理方便,有效抑制应激反应,不良反应少,可安全有效地应用于小儿尿道下裂手术.     

七氟烷联合氯胺酮复合麻醉用于小儿腹股沟斜疝手术的临床分析

目的探讨七氟烷联合氯胺酮复合麻醉用于小儿腹股沟斜疝手术的临床效果。方法选取2015年6月至2017年6月在本院确诊并行腹股沟疝修补术的患者64例,通过随机的方法随机分为对照组和实验组各32例。对照组采取氯胺酮单药麻醉,实验组采取七氟烷吸入麻醉联合氯胺酮进行麻醉。观察两组患儿麻醉诱导时间和苏醒时间,观察用药前后心率、呼吸、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的变化情况,并比较两组患儿麻醉并发症发生率。结果实验组和对照组相比麻醉诱导时间和苏醒时间更短,差异具有统计学意义;实验组在麻醉过程中呼吸和循环指标也更加稳定,麻醉后并发症发生率也较对照组低。结论七氟醚联合氯胺酮麻醉复合麻醉用于小儿腹股沟斜疝手术具有麻醉诱导、苏醒快,不良反应少等优点,值得临床应用中推广和使用。     

七氟醚吸入诱导麻醉复合骶管阻滞在小儿手术中的应用

目的探讨七氟醚吸入诱导复合骶管阻滞在小儿下腹部手术中的应用。方法 80例ASAⅠ级择期行下腹部手术患儿,随机分为七氟醚吸入诱导复合骶管阻滞组（A组）和氯胺酮肌注诱导复合骶管阻滞组（B组）。观察记录两组患儿术中体动、呛咳、术后躁动、恶心呕吐（PONV）等不良反应的发生情况及术后清醒时间。结果 A组术中体动、呛咳、术后躁动及恶心呕吐均较B组明显减少,A组清醒时间较B组明显缩短（P〈0.05）。结论七氟醚吸入诱导复合骶管阻滞在小儿下腹部手术中的应用,优于氯胺酮肌注诱导复合骶管阻滞。     

七氟烷复合舒芬太尼与氯胺酮全麻在儿童腹股沟斜疝手术中效果观察

目的比较七氟烷复合舒芬太尼与氯胺酮全身麻醉在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的效果,为小儿腹股沟斜疝手术提供安全、可靠的麻醉方式。方法将46例腹股沟斜疝患儿随机分为2组,每组23例。观察组采用七氟烷复合舒芬太尼全身麻醉。对照组采用氯胺酮全身麻醉。观察2组患儿的诱导时间、诱导期间哭闹情况、切皮时有无体动反应、术中氧饱和度下降情况及手术结束后患儿苏醒时间。结果 2组患儿的麻醉诱导时间、术中氧饱和度变化无明显差异(p>0.05);观察组患儿在麻醉诱导时哭闹.术中体动反应以及术后苏醒时间方面,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷复合舒芬太尼全身麻醉用于小儿腹股沟斜疝手术,较氯胺酮对患儿心理刺激较小、安全、可控性好,术后苏醒时间显著缩短,可作为小儿腹股沟斜疝手术首选的麻醉方式。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉在非住院患儿清创缝合术中的应用

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉在非住院患儿清创缝合术中的应用。方法年龄2~6岁ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级行清创缝合术患儿60例,随机均分为两组:七氟醚组(S组)及氯胺酮组(K组),分别采用面罩吸入七氟醚或肌肉注射氯胺酮进行麻醉诱导及维持。观察并记录两组患儿麻醉中MAP、HR、RR及SpO2的变化,记录意识消失、苏醒及麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间,观察并随访麻醉中及麻醉后的不良反应。结果 S组患儿术中MAP略有下降,HR无明显变化,而K组术中MAP升高、HR增快(P<0.05);S组患儿意识消失时间、苏醒时间及PACU停留时间明显短于K组(P<0.05);K组诱导期兴奋、术中体动及分泌物增加的病例数显著多于S组(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导迅速、维持平稳、苏醒彻底、循环呼吸影响小、不良反应发生率低、PACU停留时间短,可安全用于非住院患儿清创缝合手术麻醉。     

比较小儿腹股沟斜疝腹腔镜手术七氟醚复合舒芬太尼与氯胺酮的麻醉效果

目的比较小儿腹股沟斜疝(斜疝)腹腔镜手术七氟醚复合舒芬太尼与氯胺酮的麻醉效果。方法选取行腹腔镜手术的64例斜疝患儿,采用随机表法分为2组,各32例。对照组采用氯胺酮麻醉,观察组应用七氟醚复合舒芬太尼麻醉。比较2组麻醉前(T_0)、插管时(T_1)、气腹5 min后(T_2)、手术结束时(T_3)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2),以及麻醉诱导时间、麻醉苏醒时间及不良反应率。结果观察组麻醉诱导时间、自主呼吸恢复时间,以及不良反应率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组T_0与T_1～T_3时的MAP、HR、SpO_2差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论七氟醚联合舒芬太尼与氯胺酮麻醉对小儿斜疝腹腔镜手术中的血液动力学指标均有较好的稳定性,但前者能缩短患儿麻醉诱导及术后苏醒时间,不良反应发生率低。     

七氟醚全麻喉罩通气在小儿眼科肿瘤检查中的应用

目的比较七氟醚全麻喉罩通气与传统氯胺酮静脉全麻在小儿眼科肿瘤检查中应用的优劣。方法择期眼肿瘤患儿60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为七氟醚全麻喉罩通气组(S组)和静脉氯胺酮组(K组),每组30例。S组七氟醚吸入诱导后置入喉罩,术中保留自主呼吸,吸入1.5%~2.5%七氟醚维持麻醉。K组间断静脉推注氯胺酮。记录两组术中呼吸循环及眼内压(IOP)的变化、诱导、苏醒时间及不良反应。结果K组术中HR较S组明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),术中体动、SpO2<95%例数也高于S组(P<0.05);K组术中、术毕IOP高于S组(P<0.01),诱导及苏醒时间较S组明显延长且较多术后并发症(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论与氯胺酮麻醉相比,七氟醚全麻喉罩通气是眼肿瘤患儿检查的一种较佳麻醉选择。     

小儿七氟醚麻醉苏醒期间躁动的研究

目的 观察小儿七氟醚麻醉苏醒期在不同年龄和不同麻醉时的躁动情况.方法 选择学龄前儿童(3～5岁)及学龄儿童(6～9岁)各60例拟进行双侧扁桃体摘除术和腹股沟斜疝修补术患儿,分别均分为学龄前儿童静-吸复合组(A1组)及七氟醚吸入组(A2组),学龄儿童静-吸复合组(B1组)及七氟醚吸入组(B2组).A1、B1纽静-吸复合麻醉诱导采用静注咪唑安定0.1 mg/kg、丙泊酚2 mg/kg、芬太尼2 μg/kg;A2、B2组吸入麻醉诱导采用8%七氟醚吸入.维持吸人3%～5%七氟醚,调节氧浓度1～2 L/min,将肺泡最低有效浓度值控制在1.3～1.5 MAC.术毕记录手术时间、拔管时间(停药至拔除气管导管的时间)和苏醒时间(停药至呼之睁眼的时间),并记录躁动发生情况.结果 同一年龄不同麻醉方式组患儿:术后轻、中、重度躁动发生率A2组明显高于A1组、B2组明显高于B1组(P<0.05).不同年龄同一麻醉方式组的患儿:术后轻、中度躁动发生率A1组明显高于B1组、A2组明显高于B2组(P<0.05);而重度躁动发生率A2组明显高于B2组(P<0.05)(表1).结论 学龄前儿童及吸入麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率高.     

右美托咪定对小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究给予单剂量右美托咪定对小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的影响。方法60例行腹腔镜下疝修补术、ASA为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、年龄为1~3岁的小儿。分为3组:在麻醉诱导后,D1组(n=20)静脉注射0.3 μg/kg右美托咪定;D2组(n=20)静脉注射0.5 μg/kg的右美托咪定;C组(n=20)注射相同容量的生理盐水。静脉注射时间均为10 min。麻醉诱导使用2000~4000 μg/kg异丙酚及150~200 μg/kg顺式阿曲库铵,1~1.5 MAC七氟醚和0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1瑞芬太尼用于麻醉维持。麻醉诱导后所有小儿均静注2000 μg/kg曲马多用于防治术后镇痛。结果〓D2组术后躁动评分低于对照组(P<0.05),D1组与对照组无差别。右美托咪定组的心率低于对照组(P<0.05),其术后追加药物以加强镇静镇痛的需求也较低。三组的术后拔管时间比较无统计学意义。三组均未发生术后恶心、呕吐等不良反应。结论〓给予单剂量0.5 μg/kg的右美托咪定可以有效减少行小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后苏醒期躁动的发生率,且无明显不良反应。     

Ketamine is effective in decreasing the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing dental repair under sevoflurane general anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation or delirium is a known phenomenon that may occur in children undergoing general anesthesia with inhaled agents. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the addition of a small dose of ketamine at the end of sevoflurane anesthesia will result in a decrease in the incidence and severity of such phenomenon. METHODS: We performed a randomized double blind study involving 85 premedicated children 4-7 years old undergoing dental repair. Children were premedicated with acetaminophen and midazolam. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in N2O/O2. Group K received ketamine 0.25 mg.kg (-1) and Group S received saline. We evaluated recovery characteristics upon awakening and during the first 30 min using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. RESULTS: Eighty of the 85 enrolled children completed the study. There were 42 children in Group I. Emergence agitation was diagnosed in seven children in the ketamine group (16.6%) and in 13 children in the placebo group (34.2%). There was no difference in time to meet recovery room discharge criteria between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the addition of ketamine 0.25 mg.kg(-1) can decrease the incidence of emergence agitation in children after sevoflurane general anesthesia.     

Emergence agitation after cataract surgery in children: a comparison of midazolam,propofol and ketamine

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the concurrent use of either of a subhypnotic dose of midazolam, propofol or ketamine with fentanyl just before discontinuing the sevoflurane anesthesia would effectively sedate the children as they recovered and significantly decrease the incidence and severity of emergence agitation and would not delay patient awakening and discharge. Background: Postoperative emergence agitation may occur in children after general anesthesia with volatile anesthetics. Children who undergo cataract surgery after sevoflurane induction and sevoflurane–remifentanil maintenance may experience this type of agitation. Methods/Materials: In 120 un‐premedicated children aged 1–7 years, mask induction with sevoflurane was performed and they were then randomly assigned to one of the three antiagitation postoperative groups (n = 40). We studied the postoperative antiagitation effects of subhypnotic doses of midazolam combined with fentanyl, propofol with fentanyl or ketamine with fentanyl administered just before discontinuing the sevoflurane anesthesia. A score for the level of agitation can be assigned based on the recovery mental state (RMS) scale and the recently published pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale (PAED). Postoperative factors assessed included emergence behaviors, the time to eye opening, the time to discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) to the ward. Results: There were significantly more agitated children in the ketamine‐group when compared to the midazolam‐group or to the propofol‐group at all time P < 0.05), especially at 10 and 15 min. The PAED scale showed a significant advantage for midazolam–fentanyl [5 (2–15)] and propofol–fentanyl [6 (3–15)] versus ketamine–fentanyl [10 (3–20)] (P < 0.05). The time to discharge from the PACU to the ward was not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of a subhypnotic dose of midazolam or propofol in addition to a low dose of fentanyl just before discontinuing the sevoflurane anesthesia was both effective on decreasing the incidence and severity of emergence agitation in children undergoing cataract extraction without significant delaying recovery time and discharge. The effect of midazolam was clearer than that seen with propofol.     

The effect of different drugs on sevoflurane emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing hypospadias repair surgery

BackgroundVarious methods are used to decrease the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) in children following general anaesthesia with sevoflurane.ObjectiveThe present study aims to compare the effect of intravenous injection of small dose of propofol, fentanyl or ketamine at the end of surgery, just before the discontinuation of sevoflurane on the incidence and severity of sevoflurane emergence agitation in children undergoing hypospadias repair operations.Patients and methodsEighty patients undergoing elective hypospadias repair under sevoflurane general anaesthesia with caudal block were randomly divided into four groups (20 patients each); group P received intravenous 1 mg/kg propofol, group K received intravenous 0.25 mg/kg ketamine, group F received intravenous 1 μg/kg fentanyl, and group S received intravenous saline as control group. All those injections were given just before the discontinuation of sevoflurane. The emergence agitation was evaluated by emergence agitation scale from awakening every 5 min for 30 min. Complications like laryngospasm, desaturation, cough, and vomiting were recorded. Awakening time and PACU duration were also recorded.ResultsThe incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in groups P and F (p < 0.05). The time for awakening was significantly prolonged in groups P, K and F (p < 0.05), while PACU duration was significantly prolonged in group F (p < 0.05). No significant complications occurred except a significantly higher incidence of vomiting in group F.ConclusionThe use of propofol or fentanyl just before the discontinuation of sevoflurane reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in children, on the other hand fentanyl was accompanied with a significantly longer PACU duration and higher incidence of vomiting.     

The effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery

We investigated the effect of ketamine on reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery. Fifty-five children, 3-9 years of age, were randomly assigned to the following three groups; ketamine (group K, n = 18), pentazocine (group P, n = 19), and flurbiprofen axetil(group F, n = 18). Group K received ketamine 1 mg.kg-1 intravenously, followed by infusion of ketamine 1 mg.kg-1.hr-1 during surgery, group P received pentazocine 0.2 mg.kg-1 intravenously after induction of anesthesia, and Group F received intravenous flurbiprofen axetil, 1 mg.kg-1 5 minutes before the end of surgery. Agitation (evaluated by Aono's four-point scale; AFPS) and awareness (evaluated by Steward score) were assessed just before tracheal extubation(T 1), 5 minutes after tracheal extubation(T 2), arrival at the ward(T 3), and 60 minutes after arrival at the ward(T 4). We considered AFPS > or = 3 patients as "agitated" and APFS < or = 2 patients as "not agitated". At T 1 and T 2, the incidence of agitation(AFPS > or = 3) in group K was less than that of group F and group P. However, in group K, more patients needed oxygen supplement after extubation. We concluded that coadministration of ketamine could be beneficial for reducing postoperative agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric strabismus surgery.     

七氟醚面罩吸入复合氯胺酮麻醉对疝手术患儿苏醒质量、血流动力学的影响

目的探究小儿疝手术中应用七氟醚面罩吸入复合氯胺酮麻醉效果。方法研究对象为海口市妇幼保健院2018年10月至2019年10月102例进行疝手术患儿,依据随机数字表分组标准以及患儿情况分为复合组与对照组,分别为51例,复合组采用七氟醚面罩吸入复合氯胺酮麻醉,对照组采用氯胺酮麻醉。比较2组患儿麻醉效果,苏醒质量,麻醉前后生命体征指标,麻醉前后应激指标水平,不良反应发生。结果复合组患儿麻醉优良率(96.08%)高于对照组(80.39%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复合组患儿麻醉诱导时间显著高于对照组(P<0.05),苏醒时间、睁眼时间、即时躁动时间、30 min躁动时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05);麻醉前后,2组患儿生命体征指标血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率以及平均动脉压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患儿手术后应激指标去甲状腺素、皮质醇以及肾上腺素水平明显改善(P<0.05),手术后复合组患儿去甲状腺素、肾上腺素显著高于对照组(P<0.05),皮质醇显著低于对照组(P<0.05);复合组患儿不良反应发生率4例(7.84%)低于对照组5例(9.80%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论疝手术患儿采用七氟醚面罩吸入复合氯胺酮麻醉可以维持血流动力学稳定,有效提高麻醉效果,改善患儿苏醒质量,减轻患儿应激反应。     

七氟醚麻醉诱导在患儿全身麻醉中的应用

目的 观察七氟醚麻醉诱导与氯胺酮麻醉诱导在患儿全身麻醉中的应用.方法 选择30例3～7岁的患儿,随机均分为七氟醚组和氯胺酮组.观察两组诱导时间、苏醒时间、麻醉费用以及对循环、呼吸功能的影响.结果 七氟醚组诱导时间、苏醒时间短于氯胺酮组(P<0.01);七氟醚组血流动力学变化较氯胺酮组小(P<0.05);两组的呼吸抑制作用都较轻;七氟醚组入室时SpO<,2>低于氯胺酮组(P<0.05),但在可以接受的范围内.两组患儿的麻醉费用差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚麻醉诱导起效快,苏醒快,对循环呼吸影响小,手术室停留时问短,麻醉费用低廉,易于推广.     

七氟烷吸入麻醉对行腹腔镜疝修补术患儿呼吸、应激及不良反应的影响

目的探讨七氟烷吸入麻醉对行腹腔镜疝修补术患儿呼吸参数、补体水平、躁动及恶心呕吐的影响。方法选取2016年7月至2019年6月在海南省妇女儿童医学中心行腹腔镜疝修补术患儿118例作为研究对象。按照随机数表法,将所有患者分为研究组和对照组,各59例。对照组患者给予氯胺酮麻醉,研究组患者给予七氟烷吸入麻醉,比较麻醉前(T0)。麻醉结束时(T1)、手术开始时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)的呼吸参数,并比较手术前后的补体水平和术中躁动及术后恶心呕吐情况。结果2组患者在T1、T2、T3时的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO₂)明显降低T0时。2组患者在T1、T2、T3时的舒张压(DBP)明显升高T0时。研究组患者在T2、T3时的收缩压(SBP)明显高于T0时,对照组患者T1、T2、T3时的SBP明显高于T0时,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组患者在T1、T2、T3时的HR、MAP明显高于对照组,研究组患者在T1、T2、T3时的DBP、SBP明显低于对照组,研究组患者T2时的SpO₂明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2组患者的补体C3、补体C4水平均降低,研究组的补体C3、补体C4水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的躁动、恶心呕吐发生率分别为1.69%、3.39%,高于对照组(3.39%、8.47%),差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对行腹腔镜疝修补术患儿采用七氟烷吸入麻醉,可降低对呼吸循环的影响,减少对机体脏器的损伤,具有较高的安全性。     

氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞对腹股沟疝患儿术中应激反应的影响

目的探讨氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞对腹股沟疝患儿术中应激反应的影响。 方法选取2015年11月至2017年12月,保定市儿童医院82例腹股沟疝患儿的临床资料,通过随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组患儿41例。对照组采用氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉,试验组采用氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞。统计2组麻醉前（T1）、麻醉后10 min（T2）、术后即刻（T3）、术后8 h（T4）应激反应指标[皮质醇、白细胞介素-6（interleukin 6,IL-6）]水平、氯胺酮用量、苏醒时间、术后5、60、120 min时疼痛的改良面部表情评分（facial expression scoring,FLACC）及苏醒期躁动评分（awakening period score,AS）、不良反应发生率。 结果T2时2组血清皮质醇、IL-6水平较T1时期增高,但试验组低于对照组（P<0.05）,T3及T4时2组血清皮质醇、IL-6水平较T2时期降低,但试验组低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组氯胺酮用量少于对照组、苏醒时间短于对照组（P<0.05）;术后5、60、120 min试验组FLACC及AS分值低于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组呕吐（7.32%）、躁动（12.20%）、嗜睡（9.76%）发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论腹股沟疝患儿手术治疗过程中采取氯胺酮静脉全身麻醉复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞,可减少氯胺酮用量,缩短苏醒时间,减轻术中应激反应程度,还有利于减轻术后疼痛感及躁动程度,且可降低不良反应发生率。     

七氟烷全凭吸入麻醉用于小儿腭裂手术的临床观察

目的：观察七氟烷复合氧化亚氮全凭吸入麻醉用于小儿腭裂手术的临床效果。方法：选40例按美国麻醉医师学会（American Society of Anesthesiologiests,ASA）身体分级为I～II级的腭裂手术患儿,年龄1.5～4岁,随机分为两组。K组：给予氯胺酮5～8mg/kg＋丙泊酚1.5mg/kg＋维库溴铵0.1～0.15mg/kg诱导插管,术中丙泊酚5～10mg/（kg·h）麻醉维持。S组：给予七氟烷8%面罩吸入＋维库溴铵0.1～0.15mg/kg缓慢静注诱导,术中吸入七氟烷及氧化亚氮和氧气,氧化亚氮1L/min、氧气1L/min,七氟烷1.2～1.5MAC（3%～4%）维持麻醉。根据术中血流动力学状况和手术刺激程度,适当调控麻醉深度。采用SPSS11.0软件包进行统计。结果：两组诱导插管均顺利。K组诱导后患儿心率显著增快（P〈0.01）、血压下降（P〈0.05）,插管及术中剥离腭瓣时仍保持较快心率（P〈0.01）,与S组比较有显著差异（P〈0.01）。S组在诱导后患儿心率、血压有所下降（P〈0.05）,但插管和术中心率血压基本保持平稳。术后S组患儿自主睁眼和拔管的时间显著早于K组（P〈0.05）。结论：七氟烷复合氧化亚氮麻醉能较舒适、平稳地满足小儿腭裂手术要求。