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1.
Background
Several meta-analyses have demonstrated that the rs662 polymorphism in Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) gene is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is still uncertain whether this polymorphism is associated with the plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and lipids. This meta-analysis is aimed to clarify the relationships between the rs662 polymorphism and plasma levels of Ox-LDL and lipids.Methods
By searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI databases, 5 studies (1369 subjects) and 85 studies (46,740 subjects) were respectively identified for Ox-LDL association analysis and lipid association analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the effects of the rs662 polymorphism on plasma Ox-LDL and lipid levels.Results
The carriers of the variant R allele had higher levels of Ox-LDL (SMD?=?0.23, 95% CI?=?0.10–0.36, P?<? 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (SMD?=?0.06, 95% CI?=?0.01–0.11, P?=?0.02), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD?=?0.04, 95% CI?=?0.00–0.07, P?=?0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD?=?0.04, 95% CI?=?0.00–0.08, P?=?0.04) than the non-carriers.Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that the association between the PON1 rs662 polymorphism and CHD may partly be mediated by abnormal Ox-LDL and lipid levels caused by the R allele.2.
Yong Cai Guoqiang Xing Tian Shen Shuxian Zhang Jianyu Rao Rong Shi 《Lipids in health and disease》2017,16(1):251
Backgrounds
Recent experiments suggest that Citrus bergamia extracts could benefit people with dyslipidemia and obesity but this needs to be further validated.Methods
A total of 98 people age-matched older adults (65 years) with elevated blood lipids were enrolled to receive 12-week supplementation of a Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation (CitriCholess)(n?=?48) and placebo (n?=?50).Results
No group differences were found in baseline bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels. CitriCholess supplementation resulted in lower levels than placebo in TG (1.83?±?0.92 vs. 1.95?±?1.34 mmol/L, P?=?0.612), TC (5.14?±?0.98 vs. 5.44?±?0.77 mmol/L, P?=?0.097), and LDL-C (3.13?±?0.74 vs. 3.43?±?0.62 mmol/L, P?=?0.032). Compared to placebo, CitriCholess also resulted in greater reductions in body weight (?0.604?±?0.939 vs. 0.06?±?0.74 kg, P?<?0.01), waist circumferences (?0.60?±?1.349 cm vs. -0.16?±?1.503 cm, P?<?0.01) and BMI (?0.207?±?0.357 vs. 0.025?±?0.274, P?<?0.01). Additionally, females had a significantly higher level of HDL-C than males. TC was significantly correlated with LDL-C, and to a less degree, with TG. TG was inversely correlated with HDL-C. Body weight and waist circumference were negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with glucose.Conclusion
12-week supplementation of CitriCholess could benefit lipid metabolism and weight management in old adults with dyslipidemia.3.
H.?Martinez C.?Morin J.?Gandy E.?Carmuega J.?L.?Arredondo C.?Pimentel L.?A.?Moreno S.?A.?Kavouras J.?Salas-Salvadó I.?Guelinckx
Purpose
To report total fluid intake (TFI) and the intake of different fluid types in adults (≥?18 years old) from Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. To compare intakes between countries and with recommended adequate intake (AI) of water from fluids.Methods
Cross-sectional data were collected using a validated liquid intake 7-day record (Liq.In 7 ) in populations from Argentina (n?=?1089), Brazil (n?=?477), Mexico (n?=?1677) and Uruguay (n?=?554). Population characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index and socioeconomic level were recorded. Mean TFI was compared with the AI of water from fluids set by the USA Institute of Medicine.Results
The lowest TFI was recorded in Mexican women (1748 mL/day) and the highest in Argentinean men (2318 mL/day). Median daily TFI was significantly different between countries; Uruguay and Argentina had higher values than Mexico and Brazil. In the former, plain water contributed to only 25% of TFI, the remainder being predominantly from hot beverages. Approximately, a third of adults did not drink enough fluid to meet the recommended AI. High SSB consumption was reported, which was significantly different between countries (p?<?0.05), the highest being in Mexico (median 25–75th percentiles): 531 (300–895 mL/day.Conclusions
This survey highlights the need to increase water consumption and reduce SSB intake in this region to avoid potential associated health risks. These findings may be useful information in monitoring public health policy strategies.4.
Marowa Hashimoto Masutaka Watanabe Yuji Uematsu Sonomi Hattori Nobuyuki Miyai Miyoko Utsumi Mayumi Oka Mariko Hayashida Kenji Kinoshita Mikio Arita Tatsuya Takeshita 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(3):138-148
Objectives
Many East Asians have the genetic polymorphisms rs1229984 in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and rs671 in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here we analyzed the relationships of the two genotypes with alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking among older and younger men living in rural areas of Japan.Methods
The subjects were 718 Japanese men aged 63.3 ± 10.8 (mean ± SD), categorized into the older (≥65 years, n = 357) and younger (<65 years, n = 361) groups. Facial flushing frequency, drinking behavior and positive CAGE results were compared among the genotypes using Bonferroni-corrected χ2 test and a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, BMI and lifestyle factors.Results
The frequency of ‘always’ facial flushing among the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers was significantly lower than that among the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers in the older group (P < 0.01). The alcohol consumption (unit/day) in the ADH1B*1/*2 carriers tended to be higher compared with that in the ADH1B*2/*2 carriers among the older group (P = 0.050). In the younger group, no significant differences in alcohol sensitivity and drinking habits were generally found among the ADH1B genotypes. The ADH1B*1/*1 genotype tended to be positively associated with problem drinking in the older group (P = 0.080) but not in the younger group. The ALDH2 genotypes consistently and strongly affected the alcohol sensitivity, drinking behavior and problem drinking in both the younger and older group.Conclusions
We for the first time observed a significant difference in alcohol sensitivity between ADH1B*1/*2 and ADH1B*2/*2 in older men aged 65 and above.5.
Purpose
Baccaurea angulata (common names: belimbing dayak or belimbing hutan) is a Malaysian underutilized fruit. The preliminary work on B. angulata fruit juice showed that it possesses antioxidant properties. Therefore, further work is needed to confirm the efficacy and proper dosage of B. angulata as a potential natural antioxidant. The present study was thus carried out to compare the effects of three different B. angulata whole fruit (WF) juice doses administered at nutritional doses of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 ml/kg/day on plasma, aorta and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) as well as total antioxidant capacity in rabbits fed high-cholesterol diet.Methods
Thirty-five male rabbits of New Zealand strain were randomly assigned to seven groups. For 12 weeks, group CH was fed 1% cholesterol diet only; group C1 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0.50 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice; group C2 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.00 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice; group C3 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.50 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice; group N was fed standard pellet only; group N1 was fed standard pellet and 0.50 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice; and group N2 was fed standard pellet and 1.00 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice.Results
The three doses reduced the formation of MDA and enhanced the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The highest dose used (1.50 ml/kg/day) was, however, seen as the most potent.Conclusion
Higher doses of B. angulata juice exerted better antioxidant activity.6.
Purpose
The primary aim of this survey was to report total fluid intake (TFI) and different fluid types for children (4–9 years) and adolescents (10–17 years) in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The second aim was to compare TFI with the adequate intake (AI) of water from fluids as recommended by the USA Institute of Medicine.Methods
Data were collected using a validated liquid intake 7-day record (Liq.In 7 ). Participants’ characteristics, including age, sex and anthropometric measurements were recorded.Results
A total of 733 children and 933 adolescents were recruited. Over 75% of children in Uruguay met the IOM’s recommended intake. Fewer children in Argentina (64–72%) and Brazil (41–50%) obtained AI and the lowest values were recorded in Mexico (33–44%), where 16% of boys and 14% girls drank 50% or less of the AI. More adolescents in Argentina (42%) met the AIs than other countries; the lowest was in Mexico (28%). Children and adolescents in Mexico and Argentina drank more sugar sweetened beverages than water.Conclusions
Large numbers of children and adolescents did not meet AI recommendations for TFI, raising concerns about their hydration status and potential effects on mental and physical well-being. Given the negative effects on children’s health, the levels of SSB consumption are worrying.7.
Silvia Di Lodovico Valentina Cataldi Emanuela Di Campli Elisabetta Ancarani Luigina Cellini Mara Di Giulio 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2017,22(1):63
Background
Nowadays, the bacterial contamination in the hospital environment is of particular concern because the hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. This work evaluated the capability of Enterococcus hirae to form biofilm on different surfaces and the action of two biocides on the produced biofilms.Methods
The biofilm formation of E. hirae ATCC 10541 was studied on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces through the biomass quantification and the cell viability at 20 and 37 °C. The effect of LH IDROXI FAST and LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY biocides on biomasses was expressed as percentage of biofilm reduction. E. hirae at 20 and 37 °C produced more biofilm on the stainless steel in respect to the polystyrene surface. The amount of viable cells was greater at 20 °C than with 37 °C on the two analyzed surfaces. Biocides revealed a good anti-biofilm activity with the most effect for LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY on polystyrene and stainless steel at 37 °C with a maximum biofilm reduction of 85.72 and 86.37%, respectively.Results
E. hirae is a moderate biofilm producer depending on surface material and temperature, and the analyzed biocides express a remarkable antibiofilm action.Conclusion
The capability of E. hirae to form biofilm can be associated with its increasing incidence in hospital-acquired infections, and the adoption of suitable disinfectants is strongly recommended.8.
Manuel González-Ortiz Esperanza Martínez-Abundis José A. Robles-Cervantes Viridiana Ramírez-Ramírez Maria G. Ramos-Zavala 《European journal of nutrition》2011,50(2):145-149
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of thiamine administration on metabolic profile, cytokines and inflammatory markers in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot-scale clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients with T2DM. Twelve subjects received thiamine orally (150 mg), once daily during a fasting state for 1 month. An additional 12 patients (control group) were given placebo for the same period of time. Before and after the intervention, fasting glucose, A1C, creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin and adiponectin levels were estimated. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank and Mann–Whitney U test were used for statistical analyses.Results
There were significant decreases in glucose (6.7 ± 1.0 mmol/l vs. 6.0 ± 1.0 mmol/l, p = 0.024) before and after the intervention, respectively, and leptin concentrations (32.9 ± 13.3 ng/ml vs. 26.9 ± 12.8 ng/ml, p = 0.027) before and after the intervention, respectively, with thiamine administration. There were no changes with the rest of the measurements.Conclusions
Thiamine administration for 1 month decreased glucose and leptin concentrations in drug-naïve patients with T2DM.9.
Maria?G.?Kakkoura Maria?A.?Loizidou Christiana?A.?Demetriou Giorgos?Loucaides Maria?Daniel Kyriacos?Kyriacou Andreas?Hadjisavvas
Purpose
Xenobiotic metabolism is related to the interplay between diet and breast cancer (BC) risk. This involves detoxification enzymes, which are polymorphic and metabolise various dietary metabolites. An important characteristic of this pathway is that chemoprotective micronutrients can act not only as substrates but also as inducers for these enzymes. We investigated whether functional GSTP1 (p.Ile105Val-rs1695), NAT2 (590G>A-rs1799930) SNPs and GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms could modulate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on BC risk, in Greek-Cypriot women.Methods
Genotyping was performed on women from the MASTOS case–control study of BC in Cyprus. A 32-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary intake information. A dietary pattern, which closely resembles the MD (high loadings of vegetables, fruit, legumes and fish), was previously derived with principal component analysis and was used as our dietary variable.Results
GSTT1 null genotype increased BC risk compared with the homozygous non-null GSTT1 genotype (OR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.01–1.45). Increasing adherence to the MD reduced BC risk in women with at least one GSTP1 Ile allele (OR for Ile/Ile = 0.84, 95 % CI 0.74–0.95, for Ile/Val = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.62–0.85) or one NAT2 590G allele (OR for 590 GG = 0.73, 95 % CI 0.63–0.83, for 590 GA = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70–0.94). p interaction values were not, however, statistically significant.Conclusion
The homozygous null GSTT1 genotype could be a risk allele for BC among Greek-Cypriot women. The anticarcinogenic effects of the high adherence to MD against BC risk could also be further enhanced when combined with the wild-type alleles of the detoxification GSTP1 or NAT2 SNPs.10.
Correlation of emotional labor and cortisol concentration in hair among female kindergarten teachers
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore whether two types of emotional labor, surface acting and deep acting, are related to hair cortisol concentration among kindergarten teachers.Methods
Surface acting and deep acting over the last month were measured with the Chinese version of the emotional labor scale in 43 kindergarten teachers. Hair samples with 1 cm in length were cut from their posterior vertex region to represent cortisol excretion over one month. Cortisol concentrations were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Results
Positive association of emotion labor with hair cortisol concentration was significant for surface acting (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) and not significant for deep acting (r = 0.14, p > 0.05).Conclusions
More surface acting showed to be associated stronger with stress responses or higher HPA axis activity.11.
Purpose
Data on the relation between linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk are scarce and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum LA and ALA with fasting and 2 h post-load plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Method
This study included 667 participants from third examination (2000) of the population-based Hoorn study in which individuals with glucose intolerance were overrepresented. Fatty acid profiles in serum total lipids were measured at baseline, in 2000. Diabetes risk markers were measured at baseline and follow-up in 2008. Linear regression models were used in cross-sectional and prospective analyses.Results
In cross-sectional analyses (n = 667), serum LA was inversely associated with plasma glucose, both in fasting conditions (B = ?0.024 [?0.045, ?0.002]) and 2 h after glucose tolerance test (B = ?0.099 [?0.158, ?0.039]), but not with HbA1c (B = 0.000 [?0.014, 0.013]), after adjustment for relevant factors. In prospective analyses (n = 257), serum LA was not associated with fasting (B = 0.003 [?0.019, 0.025]) or post-load glucose (B = ?0.026 [?0.100, 0.049]). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between serum ALA and glucose metabolism in cross-sectional or prospective analyses.Conclusions
In this study, serum LA was inversely associated with fasting and post-load glucose in cross-sectional, but not in prospective analyses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of serum LA and ALA levels and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in glucose metabolism.12.
Jazmin A. Reyes-Portillo Erica M. Chin Josefina Toso-Salman J. Blake Turner David Vawdrey Laura Mufson 《Child & youth care forum》2018,47(3):391-402
Background
No study to date has examined the effectiveness of integrating clinical decision support tools, like electronic health record (EHR) alerts, into the clinical care of youth at-risk for suicide.Objective
This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of using an EHR alert to increase clinicians’ use of safety planning with youth at-risk for suicide in an outpatient pediatric psychiatry clinic serving an urban low-income Latino community.Methods
An alert intervention was developed to remind clinicians to complete a safety plan whenever they documented that their patient endorsed suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt during a visit in EHR notes. The alert appeared as a separate window containing a reminder message to complete a safety plan once a clinician finished visit documentation.Results
There were 69 at-risk patients between the ages of 13–21 in the intervention period (M = 15.71; SD = 1.86; 66.7% female) and 64 (M = 15.38; SD = 1.93; 68.6% female) in the control period. Logistic regression analyses indicated that patients in the intervention period were significantly more likely than patients in the control period to receive a safety plan (p < .01). The pattern of results remained the same after adjusting for demographic variables (p = .01). Forty clinicians also completed a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with the EHR alert, indicating moderate satisfaction (M = 3.01; SD = 0.63; range = 1.11–4.11).Conclusions
EHR alerts are associated with changes in clinicians’ behavior and improved compliance with best clinical practices for at-risk youth.13.
Huicui?Meng Zhaoyong?Ba Yujin?Lee Jiayu?Peng Junli?Lin Jennifer?A.?Fleming Emily?J.?Furumoto Robert?F.?Roberts Penny?M.?Kris-Etherton Connie?J.?Rogers
Purpose
Probiotic bacteria modulate immune parameters and inflammatory outcomes. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the matrix used to deliver probiotics may influence the efficacy of probiotic interventions in vivo. The aims of the current study were to evaluate (1) the effect of one species, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 at a dose of log10 ± 0.5 CFUs/day on immune responses in a randomized, partially blinded, 4-period crossover, free-living study, and (2) whether the immune response to BB-12 differed depending on the delivery matrix.Methods
Healthy adults (n = 30) aged 18–40 years were recruited and received four treatments in a random order: (A) yogurt smoothie alone; smoothie with BB-12 added (B) before or (C) after yogurt fermentation, or (D) BB-12 given in capsule form. At baseline and after each 4-week treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and functional and phenotypic marker expression was assessed.Results
BB-12 interacted with peripheral myeloid cells via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2). The percentage of CD14+HLA-DR+ cells in peripheral blood was increased in male participants by all yogurt-containing treatments compared to baseline (p = 0.0356). Participants who consumed yogurt smoothie with BB-12 added post-fermentation had significantly lower expression of TLR-2 on CD14+HLA-DR+ cells (p = 0.0186) and reduction in TNF-α secretion from BB-12- (p = 0.0490) or LPS-stimulated (p = 0.0387) PBMCs compared to baseline.Conclusions
These findings not only demonstrate a potential anti-inflammatory effect of BB-12 in healthy adults, but also indicate that the delivery matrix influences the immunomodulatory properties of BB-12.14.
Heidi?Taylor Kirsten?Webster Andrew?R.?Gray Siew?Ling?Tey Alex?Chisholm Karl?Bailey Shivani?Kumari Rachel?C.?Brown
Purpose
Recommendations to soak nuts prior to consumption to reduce phytate concentrations and improve gastrointestinal tolerance have received much attention in the popular press. This is despite no supporting scientific evidence for the practice. There is also a lack of information about how soaking nuts might affect consumer acceptability. This study primarily assessed the effects of soaking almonds on consumer acceptance and secondly assessed effects on gastrointestinal tolerance.Methods
In this 8-week randomised crossover trial, 76 participants were allocated in balanced order to receive 30 g/day of four different preparations of almonds for 12 days: whole unsoaked, whole soaked, sliced unsoaked, and sliced soaked. Ratings of overall liking, desire to consume, and likelihood of future consumption, and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms were measured daily on visual analogue scales. The phytate concentrations were measured in all four nut types using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results
Mean acceptance ratings of all nut types were above the neutral point indicating they were acceptable. However, sliced soaked almonds were rated significantly lower overall for all three acceptance scales compared to the other treatments (all P ≤ 0.003). The sliced unsoaked almonds were rated lower than both whole nut treatments (all P ≤ 0.006), while there were no significant differences between the two whole nut treatments (all P ≥ 0.511). Gastrointestinal symptoms were minimal, but flatulence was rated significantly higher for all time points combined for soaked whole nuts compared to unsoaked whole nuts (P = 0.005). Compared to the whole unsoaked nuts (mean [SD] 531 [9] mg/100 g), phytate concentration was higher for the whole soaked almonds (563 [38] mg/100 g, P = 0.016), with no evidence of a difference for the sliced soaked almonds (548 [27] mg/100 g, P = 0.197) and no difference between the soaked forms (P = 0.262).Conclusions
This research supports previous results suggesting nuts, including different forms, are an acceptable food. They are also well tolerated gastrointestinally, but soaking does not improve gastrointestinal tolerance or acceptance as claimed in the lay literature.15.
Katia Jakovljevic Pudla Wagner Silvia Ozcariz Francieli Cembranel Antonio Fernando Boing Albert Navarro David Alejandro González-Chica 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2017,25(6):635-644
Aim
To describe the intake of macro- and micronutrients, verify its adequacy, and analyze their distribution by the socioeconomic and demographic profile of adults.Subject and methods
Longitudinal population-based study with a sample of 1222 people aged 22–63 years from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. The dietary intake data were collected with a 24-h recall in the total sample, plus a second recall applied on a sub-sample of participants with subsequent adjustment of regular consumption. Diet composition and adequacy of intake were compared between the different educational groups and stratified by sex.Results
The mean energy consumption was 1851 Kcal [standard error (SE) = 15.0 Kcal] and 2259 Kcal (SE = 27.8 Kcal) in females and males, respectively (p-value <0.001). With increasing education, women showed an increasing trend in energy consumption, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat, cholesterol, and fiber. In men, the same differences were found only in saturated fat and cholesterol (p-value <0.05 for all). Analyzing the adequate consumption of nutrients, differences were found regarding saturated fat and cholesterol in women and carbohydrates, saturated and polyunsaturated fat in men. The prevalence of inadequacy was up to 47% comparing the different educational groups.Conclusion
A lower percentage of adequacies in food consumption was found in both sexes for those with more years of schooling. Public policy should also target the group with higher education.16.
Purpose
Although several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of probiotics for preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in at-risk populations, including children and the elderly, few studies have investigated the efficacy of probiotics in healthy adults living normal, everyday lives. Thus, we tried to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota-fermented milk (LcS-FM) on the incidence of URTIs in healthy middle-aged office workers.Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, 96 eligible male workers aged 30–49 years consumed LcS-FM containing 1.0 × 1011 viable LcS cells or control milk (CM) once daily for 12 weeks during the winter season. URTI episodes were evaluated by a physician via a questionnaire of URTI symptoms.Results
The incidence of URTIs during the intervention period was significantly lower in the LcS-FM group than in the CM group (22.4 vs. 53.2 %, P = 0.002). The time-to-event analysis showed that the LcS-FM group had a significantly higher URTI-free rate than the CM group over the test period (log-rank test: χ 2 11.25, P = 0.0008). The cumulative number of URTI episodes and cumulative days with URTI symptoms per person was lower in the LcS-FM group, and the duration per episode was shorter. Inhibition of both reductions in NK cell activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increases in salivary cortisol levels was observed in the LcS-FM group.Conclusion
The results suggest that the daily intake of fermented milk with LcS may reduce the risk of URTIs in healthy middle-aged office workers, probably through modulation of the immune system.17.
18.
Qian Yang Rui-Xing Yin Xiao-Li Cao Feng Huang Yi-Jiang Zhou Wu-Xian Chen 《Nutrition & metabolism》2018,15(1):70
Background
This study aimed to assess the association between the angiopoietin-like protein 4 gene (ANGPTL4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid levels, the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke (IS), and response to atorvastatin therapy in a Southern Chinese Han population.Methods
Genotypes of the ANGPTL4 rs4076317, rs7255436, rs1044250 and rs2967605 SNPs in 1,654 unrelated subjects (CAD, 568; IS, 537; and controls, 549) were determined by the Snapshot technology. Another group of 724 hyperlipidemic patients was selected and treated with atorvastatin calcium tablet 20 mg/day for 8 weeks.Results
The rs2967605 CT/TT genotypes were associated with a decreased risk of CAD (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.47-0.99, P = 0.043 for CT/TT vs. CC) and IS (adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.38-0.80, P = 0.020 for CT/TT vs. CC). There was no significant association between the four SNPs and angiographic severity of CAD. The subjects with the rs4076317 CG/CC genotypes in controls had higher total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels than the subjects with the GG genotype (P < 0.001; a P < 0.0018 was regarded statistically significant by the Bonferroni correction). The subjects with rs4076317CG/GG genotypes had lower TC and LDL-C levels than the subjects with CC genotype after atorvastatin treatment (P < 0.001).Conclusions
The observed associations suggest that the ANGPTL4 variants have a potential role on serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis-related diseases in the Chinese Han population, especially the ANGPTL4 rs4076317 and rs2967605 SNPs.19.
Natanael Victor Furtunato Bezerra Karla Lorene de França Leite Mariana Marinho Davino de Medeiros Mariana Leonel Martins Andreia Medeiros Rodrigues Cardoso Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka Wilton Wilney Nascimento Padilha Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(2):151-156
Introduction
Smoking and alcoholism are recognized factors associated with the prevalence of oral cancer. However, the role of these habits on the severity of lesions still needs to be elucidated.Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of tongue and mouth floor cancer according to the clinical stage and how it correlates with alcoholism and smoking habits in Brazil from 2000 to 2010.Methods
Data referring to 11,873 cases of tongue and mouth floor cancer were obtained from the Integrator Module of the Hospital Registry of Cancer. Internal inconsistencies (non-classified cases) and data with no relevant information were eliminated. The final sample value considered for statistical analysis was equal to 8417 cases. An analysis of frequency distribution and binary logistic regression modeling was performed, using a significance level of 5%.Results
The concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco (69%, n = 5808) and clinical stage grade IV (55.9%, n = 4703) were the most frequent findings. A higher prevalence of advanced lesions was observed in 2008 (PR = 1.715, 95% CI = 1.254–2.347, p < 0.01). The prevalence ratio of advanced tongue and mouth floor cancer (clinical stages III and IV) was observed to be significant for both smokers only (p < 0.01; PR = 1.460; 95% CI = 1.222–1.745) and for individuals who were both smokers and alcoholics (p < 0.05; RP = 2.279; 95% CI = 1.980–2.622).Conclusion
Data from the 11-year registry suggest that smoking contributes significantly to the prevalence of advanced cases of tongue and mouth floor cancer. It is also implied that concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco increases the prevalence of advanced-stage oral cancer. Prospective cohort studies are still necessary to prove such relationships.20.
Muhammad Dawood Shah Urban J.A. D’Souza Mohammad Iqbal 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2017,22(1):66