血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT联检对肺癌诊断的意义

目的 探讨血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT联检与肺癌临床诊断的相关性.方法 采用放射免疫分析法与电化学发光法对58例肺癌患者和30例正常健康人进行血清标本测定.结果 肺癌组CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT均高于正常对照组(P<0.01),CEA腺癌组的阳性率明显高于鳞癌组和小细胞癌组(P<0.01),CA125腺癌组、小细胞癌组阳性率明显高于鳞癌组(P<0.01),CYFRA21-1在鳞癌中的阳性率高于腺癌组和小细胞癌组(P<0.01),CT在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌的阳性率,无明显差异(P>0.05).肺癌患者血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、与CT水平成正相关.结论 CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、与CT联检可互补,提高肺癌诊断阳性率.     

血清标志物CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、CA19-9、CA125、SCC联合检测在肺癌诊断中的应用价值

背景与目的:肿瘤标志物检测在肿瘤血清学诊断中被广泛的使用,但单个肿瘤标志物的阳性诊断率不高.本实验探讨肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、CA19-9、CA125、SCC在肺癌患者血清中的水平,及其在肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:采用化学发光法对135例肺癌组和30例健康体检组6项肿瘤标志物的含量进行检测及比较.结果:CYFRA21-1、NSE、CEA、CA19-9、CA125、SCC 6项肿瘤标志物肺癌组水平浓度分别为分别为(7±8)ng/ml、(30±29)ng/ml、(65±293)ng/ml、(110±379)U/ml、(122±412)U/ml、(2±7)ng/ml,显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01),其测定水平与病理类型有关.CEA在腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞癌水平浓度分别为(11±25)×10ng/ml、(2±4)×10ng/ml、(2±3)×10ng/ml;CA125在腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞癌水平浓度分别为(21±48)×10U/ml、(5±6)×10U/ml、(5±4)×10U/ml.CA19-9在腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞癌水平浓度分别为(17±44)×10U/ml、(5±12)×10U/ml、(4±4)×10U/ml.CEA、CA125、CA19-9在腺癌中水平显著高于鳞癌和小细胞癌(P<0.05).NSE、CYFRA21-1、SCC以鳞癌最高其水平浓度分别为(31±36)ng/ml、(8±10)ng/ml、(3±10)ng/ml,但与其他肺癌类型相比,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);SCC在腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞癌的阳性率分别为19.23%、29.78%、17.65%.结论:6项肿瘤标志物对肺癌的检测都有一定意义,不同病理类型各有特点,选择合适的组合检测可以有利于肺癌的鉴别诊断.     

胸水和血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨联合检测肺癌胸水和血清中癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、神经原特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和胃泌素释放肽前体(Pro-GRP)5 种肿瘤标志物水平在肺癌临床诊断中的应用价值,以期提高鉴别良恶性胸水的能力。方法:用电化学发光法检测93例肺癌患者和54例肺炎性疾病患者的血清及胸水标本CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP水平。结果:癌性胸水组中CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP 5种肿瘤标志物平均水平与炎性胸水组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05);癌性胸水组中CEA、CYFRA21-1、CA125的含量远远高于炎性胸水组（20~600倍）(P<0.01)。肺癌胸水组中CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP 5种肿瘤标志物水平与肺癌血清组比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌胸水组中CEA、CYFRA21-1、CA125的含量远远高于肺癌血清组（7~80倍）(P<0.01),相比与正常对照组更是有200倍以上的增高(P<0.01),因此胸水中CEA、CYFRA21-1、CA125百倍左右的升高提示恶性肿瘤的存在。将93例癌性胸水和血清分为腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞癌。腺癌、鳞癌和小细胞癌胸水组中CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP 5种肿瘤标志物含量明显高于炎性胸水组(P<0.01);腺癌胸水组中CEA含量明显高于鳞癌和小细胞癌(P<0.01);鳞癌胸水组中CYFRA21-1含量明显高于腺癌和小细胞癌(P<0.01);小细胞癌胸水组中NSE和Pro-GRP含量明显高于腺癌和鳞癌(P<0.01)。CA125含量在胸水组中腺癌、鳞癌含量明显高于小细胞癌(P<0.01)。5 种标志物单项及联合检测的灵敏度肺癌胸水组均高于肺癌血清组,肺癌胸水中5项联合检测后灵敏度可达99.11%。结论:肺癌组胸水中CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、NSE和Pro-GRP 5种肿瘤标志物联合检测有利于良恶性胸水的鉴别诊断,联合检测可以提高肺癌诊断的灵敏度,当肿瘤标志物显著升高时,CEA可作为肺腺癌的肿瘤标志物;CYFRA21-1可作为肺鳞癌的肿瘤标志物;NSE和Pro-GRP可作为小细胞癌的肿瘤标志物;CA125可作为非小细胞肺癌的肿瘤标志物。     

放疗或化疗对肺癌细胞AgNOR的影响

目的探讨放疗或化疗对肺癌细胞核仁组织区嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）的影响。方法应用ＡｇＮＯＲ染色技术检测３５例未治疗肺癌和３７例化疗或放疗后肺癌细胞核内ＡｇＮＯＲ颗粒数目，并进行对比分析。结果未治疗组鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌ＡｇＮＯＲ数分别为４．７２±０．６８、４．２７±０．８７和５．６３±０．８２，化疗组分别为３．６７±１．０４、３．８８±０．８４和３．３４±０．９２，放疗组鳞癌和小细胞癌分别为３．６３±０．５６和３．０６±０．８５。治疗组与未治疗组有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；鳞癌、小细胞癌也均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），而腺癌无明显差异。ＡｇＮＯＲ均值下降率依次为放疗、化疗组小细胞癌（３９．８７％和３４．３１％）、鳞癌（１７．１６％和１７．８４％）和化疗组腺癌（９．３１％）。结论放疗或化疗对鳞癌和小细胞癌ＡｇＮＯＲ有明显影响。     

肿瘤标志物联检在肺癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨联合检测血清多项肿瘤标志物在肺癌诊断中的意义.方法 检测96例肺癌,46例良性肺病和58例健康人血清CEA、CA125、NSE和CYFRA21-1的水平.结果 肺癌组血清CEA、CA125、NSE和CYFRA21-1水平显著高于良性肺病组及健康对照组(P<0.01),肺腺癌血清CEA、CA125明显高于肺鳞癌和小细胞肺癌(P<0.05);小细胞肺癌血清NSE明显高于肺腺癌和肺鳞癌(P<0.01);肺鳞癌血清CYFRA21-1明显高于肺腺癌和小细胞肺癌(P<0.05);4项联合检测的灵敏性、准确性均高于单项检测结果.结论 联合检测患者血清CEA、CA1205、NSE和CYFRA21-1有利于肺癌的诊断.     

高生存期肺癌患者外周淋巴细胞染色体及肺癌组织比较基因组杂交回顾性分析

背景与目的:肺癌染色体异常与临床反应及临床预后密切相关。通过对肺癌手术后高生存期患者外周血淋巴细胞和肺癌组织进行染色体分析,为肺癌发生发展相关基因的筛选及肺癌临床治疗奠定基础。方法:选择肺癌高生存期组术后生存5年以上的肺癌患者20例,其中鳞状细胞癌9例、腺癌6例、小细胞癌5例。肺癌对照组随机选择术后1年内患者20例,其中鳞状细胞癌8例、腺癌7例、小细胞癌5例。正常对照组选择健康志愿者20例。常规法进行以上3组患者的外周血淋巴细胞中期染色体分析。肺癌高生存组和肺癌对照组选择石蜡组织包埋块提取基因组DNA,DeVries法进行CGH分析。结果:高生存期组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变发生率为3.15%,显著低于肺癌对照组的10.85%(P<0.01),染色体畸变主要为染色体单体裂隙、断片、无着丝粒片段,偶见衍生染色体。CGH分析结果显示,高生存期组有6例未见任何染色体畸变发生,肺癌对照组有1例未见染色体畸变发生。高生存期组畸变染色体平均数目(2.60±1.85)显著少于肺癌对照组(5.10±2.13)。结论:染色体畸变少的肺癌患者预后好、生存期长,肺癌临床高生存期可能与染色体遗传稳定性相关。     

开胸手术对非小细胞肺癌患者血清VEGF、MMP-9水平变化的影响分析

目的 分析开胸手术对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer)患者血清VEGF、MMP-9水平变化的影响.方法 将非小细胞肺癌患者79例作为观察组;良性肺部疾病患者56例和健康志愿者25例作为对照组.观察组患者和良性肺部疾病患者均进行了开胸肺切除手术,然后按照病理类型和TNM分期对观察组患者治疗前的VEGF、MMP-9水平进行检测统计,并与健康对照组比较分析,并对治疗前后观察组和良性对照组患者的VEGF、MMP-9水平进行统计分析.结果 按照患者病理类型检测VEGF水平为:腺癌(332.3±82.3)pg/ml,鳞癌(364.5±81.8)pg/ml,其他病理类型(375.8±88.6)pg/ml;所有患者的MMP-9水平分别为腺癌(199.4±82.2)ng/ml,鳞癌(183.2±102.6)ng/ml,其他病理类型(185.1±112.9)ng/ml,所有肺癌患者的VEGF水平和MMP-9水平均显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05).Ⅰ期患者的VEGF水平和MMP-9水平分别为(245.4±54.3)pg/ml和(141.2±58.2)ng/ml,明显低于其他分期患者VEGF水平和MMP-9水平(P<0.05).观察组患者治疗前后VEGF水平和MMP-9水平均显著高于良性对照组患者(P<0.05).结论开胸手术治疗非小细胞肺癌患者,术后患者的VEGF水平和MMP-9水平明显升高,但没有明显的相关性.患者术前VEGF水平和MMP-9水平也明显高于良性肺部疾病患者,且与患者的分化程度相关.     

DHA复合物对鼠移植瘤细胞和T淋巴细胞细胞周期及凋亡的影响

目的研究DHA复合物的抗癌机理.方法用流式细胞术研究了DHA复合物对荷瘤鼠H22细胞和T淋巴细胞细胞周期及凋亡的影响.结果 (1)与阴性对照组相比,DHA复合物中、高剂量组G0-G1期H22癌细胞百分比明显增加(P<0.01);DHA复合物低、中、高剂量组G0-G1期T细胞百分比明显减小(P<0.01).(2)与阴性对照组相比, HA复合物低、中、高剂量组S期H22癌细胞百分比明显减小(P<0.01),S期T细胞百分比明显增加(P<0.01).(3)与阴性对照组相比, HA复合物中剂量组G2-M期H22癌细胞百分比显著减少(P<0.01),DHA复合物低、高剂量组G2-M期H22癌细胞以及DHA复合物低、中、高剂量组G2-M期T细胞百分比均显著升高(P<0.01).(4)与阴性对照组相比,DHA复合物低、中、高剂量组H22癌细胞增殖指数(PI)明显下降(P<0.01),T细胞增殖指数明显升高(P<0.01).(5)与阴性对照组相比,DHA复合物低、中、高剂量组H22癌细胞及DHA复合物中、高剂量组T细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01).结论 DHA复合物可抑制H22癌细胞的增殖,促进T淋巴细胞增殖,同时DHA复合物还可促进H22细胞、T淋巴细胞凋亡.     

血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT联检对肺癌诊断的意义

目的：探讨血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT联检与肺癌临床诊断的相关性。方法：采用放射免疫分析法与电化学发光法对58例肺癌患者和30例正常健康人进行血清标本测定。结果：肺癌组CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、CT均高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,CEA腺癌组的阳性率明显高于鳞癌组和小细胞癌组（P〈0.01）,CA125腺癌组、小细胞癌组阳性率明显高于鳞癌组（P〈0.01）,CYFRA21-1在鳞癌中的阳性率高于腺癌组和小细胞癌组（P〈0.01）,CT在鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌的阳性率,无明显差异（P〉0.05）。肺癌患者血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、与CT水平成正相关。结论：CEA、CA125、CYFRA21-1、与CT联检可互补,提高肺癌诊断阳性率。     

肺癌患者血清细胞角蛋白19片段与病理类型及吸烟的相关性分析

目的:探讨肺癌患者血清肿瘤标记物细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)与肿瘤病理类型和吸烟的相关性和对肺癌的诊断价值。方法:应用化学发光技术测定经病理确诊的187例肺癌患者、33例肺良性疾病和健康对照的CYFRA21-1水平。应用SPSS18统计软件包分析病理类型、吸烟和CYFRA21-1间的关系。结果:187例肺癌患者血清中CYFRA21-1水平明显高于非良性病和健康对照组,肺良性病与健康对照组比无显著差别;187例患者吸烟者123例(65.7%),不吸烟者64例(34.2%)。在肺鳞癌、肺腺癌及小细胞肺癌中,吸烟者分别为72.9%、52.3%和73.0%,各组间行卡方分析χ2=8.03 P=0.018;血清CYFRA21-1在鳞癌、腺癌和小细胞肺癌的水平分别为13.96±22.84、7.12±12.22、3.66±4.66,各组间有显著差别(F=5.58,P=0.004);阳性率分别为58.8%、38.5%和32.4%,χ2=9.82,P=0.007,但腺癌与小细胞癌比无显著差别。cfyra211阳性率在非吸烟组、轻、中、重度吸烟组分别为39.1%、61.5%、52.2%和43.0%,四组间阳性率有显著差别,以非吸烟组为最低,重度吸烟组次之(χ2=9.542 P=0.023)。结论:cfyra211在肺鳞癌、腺癌和小细胞癌中肺鳞癌的水平和阳性率最高;肺鳞癌和小细胞癌吸烟者占大多数,cfyra211水平与吸烟无明显的相关性,但对肺鳞癌的诊断有一定的价值。     

Anal cancer: an HIV-associated cancer

Although not yet included in the Centers for Disease Control definition of AIDS, anal cancer clearly occurs more commonly in HIV-infected patients. An effective screening program for those groups who are at highest risk might be expected to impact rates of anal cancer just as significantly as did cervical Pap screening programs for the incidence of cervical cancer. Despite a relatively low rate of progression from AIN to invasive cancer, the scope of the problem is enormous based on the prevalence of anal HPV infection and the size of the HIV-infected, at-risk population. Thus, the potential benefits of screening, detection, and the development of more effective therapy also are enormous. Currently, therapeutic HPV vaccines for AIN represent an exciting avenue of research in HPV-related anogenital disease. Invasive anal cancer and HSIL (which is believed to be the precursor lesion) are expected to become increasingly important health problems for both HIV-infected men and women as their life expectancy lengthens. Although HAART may have improved the ability of many to tolerate CMT, it appears that toxicity of this therapy continues to be a problem for a proportion of HIV-infected subjects. The acute side effects present specific challenges to the clinician and patient, have an immediate impact on the patient's plan of care and dose intensity of the treatment, and ultimately may impact the outcome of the planned treatment. Late toxicity may influence the long-term quality of life. Small patient numbers, variable radiation therapy doses, limited information about viral load, and a potential confounding effect of higher CD4+ levels make it difficult to draw any conclusions about the effect of HAART on anal cancer outcome. Large, prospective studies will be required before solid conclusions about the impact of various factors on anal cancer prognosis and outcome can be drawn.     

Familial cancer and cancer families.

From this brief review is should be evident that the hereditary varieties of common cancers are characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. The specific types of hereditary cancers can be identified by focusing on the histologic types and sites of involvement, not only of the primary neoplasm, but also of associated neoplasms and associated conditions or stigmata, as well as by focusing on the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis, tumor localization and frequency, and the mode of inheritance. Identification of specific types of hereditary cancers has important utility as a means of isolating homogeneous groups of patients and unaffected relatives for studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.     

Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer

Preoperative cancer chemotherapy for gastric cancer was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of MMC 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified 5-FU was used orally in 182 patients with gastric cancer; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified 5-FU enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the primary lesion. However, the 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer patients undergoing preoperative emulsified 5-FU therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of patients with Stage III gastric cancer. On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 patients with gastric cancer. These preoperative treatments using MMC, 5-FU, VLB, MTX and/or cytosine arabinoside entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 patients was compared with that for 99 patients with gastric cancer in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 patients were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In patients without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine patients with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated patients with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control patients.     

Oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Oral complications resulting from cancer and cancer therapies cause acute and late toxicities that may be underreported, underrecognized, and undertreated. Recent advances in cancer treatment have led to changes in the incidence, nature, and severity of oral complications. As the number of survivors increases, it is becoming increasingly recognized that the aggressive management of oral toxicities is needed to ensure optimal long‐term oral health and general well‐being. Advances in care have had an impact on previously recognized oral complications and are leading to newly recognized adverse effects. Here, the authors briefly review advances in cancer therapy, including recent advances in surgery, oral care, radiation therapy, hematopoietic cell transplantation, and medical oncology; describe how these advances affect oral health; and discuss the frequent and/or severe oral health complications associated with cancer and cancer treatment and their effect upon long‐term health. Although some of the acute oral toxicities of cancer therapies may be reduced, they remain essentially unavoidable. The significant impact of long‐term complications requires increased awareness and recognition to promote prevention and appropriate intervention. It is therefore important for the primary oncologist to be aware of these complications so that appropriate measures can be implemented in a timely manner. Prevention and management is best provided via multidisciplinary health care teams, which must be integrated and communicate effectively in order to provide the best patient care in a coordinated manner at the appropriate time. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

靶向肿瘤干细胞治疗肿瘤

具有独特的分子表达、表面标志物、干性相关信号通路和代谢模式等方面特征的肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cell,CSC)因其具有高致瘤、高转移、高治疗抵抗能力,可能是多种类型恶性肿瘤生长、转移、治疗抵抗的关键因素,也是肿瘤发生和复发的重要根源.正常干细胞在产生了第一个致癌突变之后将逐步发展成为癌前干细胞和CSC,随...     

Endocrine sequelae of cancer and cancer treatments

Introduction Exposure to cancer and its treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, may result in late adverse effects including endocrine dysfunction. Endocrine disorders are the most commonly reported long-term complications of cancer treatment, especially by adult survivors of childhood cancers. This review will explore the endocrinologic adverse effects from non-endocrine cancer therapies. Methods Searches including various Internet-based medical search engines such as PubMed, Medline Plus, and Google Scholar were conducted for published articles. Results One hundred sixty-nine journal articles met the inclusion criteria. They included case reports, systematic analyses, and cohort reports. Endocrine disorders including hypothalamus dysfunction, hypopituitarism, syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, diabetes insipidus, growth hormone disorders, hyperprolactinemia, gonadotropin deficiency, serum thyroid hormone-binding protein abnormalities, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypomagnesium, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, adrenal dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and glycosuria were identified and their association with cancer therapies were outlined. Discussion/conclusions The journal articles have highlighted the association of cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with endocrine dysfunction. Some of the dysfunctions were more often experienced than others. Especially in patients treated with radiotherapy, some endocrinologic disorders were progressive in nature. Implications for cancer survivors Recognition and awareness of endocrine sequelae of cancer treatments may permit for early detection and appropriate follow-up care for cancer survivors, thus improving their overall health and quality of life.     

前列腺癌和乳腺癌的对比性研究

人体一些肿瘤的生长对某些激素有一定的依赖关系,激素阻断可抑制其生长,被称为激素相关性肿瘤,如甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌及前列腺癌等.其中前列腺癌和乳腺癌为人群中发病率较高的两种恶性肿瘤,在很多方面均具有类似的特点.将二者在各方面进行对比性研究,有利于总结前列腺癌治疗方案,提高治疗效果.