灵芝多糖对动脉粥样硬化大鼠炎症因子表达的影响

目的 探讨灵芝多糖对动脉粥样硬化防治作用的可能机制.方法 SD大鼠给予高脂饲料加腹腔注射维生素D3复制动脉粥样硬化模型,全自动生化仪检测血清血脂含量,透射电子显微镜观察主动脉形态,ELISA法检测C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Western Blot法检测血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)的蛋白表达,观察灵芝多糖对动脉粥样硬化大鼠相关炎症因子表达的影响.结果 与模型组相比,灵芝多糖高剂量组可明显降低血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆固醇(TC)水平(P＜0.01);病理形态显示灵芝多糖组可明显抑制大鼠主动脉斑块形成;灵芝多糖高剂量组血清CRP及TNF-α水平与模型组相比明显下降(P＜0.05),并显著下调VCAM-1蛋白表达(P＜0.01).结论 灵芝多糖对大鼠动脉粥样硬化具有一定的治疗作用,其机制可能与降低相关炎症因子表达有关.     

灵芝多糖对高脂性脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的:研究灵芝多糖对高脂性脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法:SD大鼠72只,随机分为6组:正常对照组(N组),模型组(M组),灵芝多糖低(GLPs-L)、中(GLPs-M)、高(GLPs-H)剂量组(200,400,800 mg·kg-1)和辛伐他汀组(SV 1.8mg·kg-1)。用高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠高脂性脂肪肝(HFL)模型。经12周给药后,分别测定各实验组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及肝组织中MDA,SOD,GSH-Px和T-AOC的含量;光镜观察肝组织脂肪病变程度。结果:M组血清TC,TG,LDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.01);与M组比较,GLPs-M,GLPs-H组血清TC,TG,LDL-C含量均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),GLPs-H组HDL-C含量显著增加(P<0.05);GLPs-M,GLPs-H组血清和肝匀浆中MDA含量较M组相比均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),SOD,GSH-Px和T-AOC水平较M组相比均明显上升(P<0.05或P<0.01)。GLPs-M,GLPs-H组可使肝细胞脂肪变性程度明显减轻。结论:灵芝多糖能明显降低高脂性脂肪肝大鼠血脂水平,有效对抗氧化应激,对大鼠高脂性脂肪肝有一定的防治作用。     

灵芝及灵芝多糖对造血的影响

《本草纲目》记载,灵芝无毒,益心气,入心充血,助心充脉,安神,益肺气,补中,增智慧,好颜色,利关节,坚筋骨,祛痰,健胃,活血等功效。灵芝多糖为其主要有效活性成分。有关灵芝及灵芝多糖临床应用减轻放化疗所致骨髓抑制,改善放化疗后实验动物骨髓造血功能,增加白细胞总数,提高存活率以及抗辐射的作用有很多报道,本文就灵芝及灵芝多糖对造血影响的基础研究与临床应用综述如下。     

灵芝多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠血流动力学及氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨灵芝多糖(GLPs)对2型糖尿病大鼠血流动力学及心肌组织中NO,SOD,MDA,CAT,GSH-Px含量的影响.方法:SD大鼠高脂饮食喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)30 mg·kg~(-1)建立2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型.成模后将大鼠随机分为6组:正常对照组、模型对照组、灵芝多糖低、中、高剂量治疗组(200,400,800 mg·kg~(-1))、小檗碱阳性对照组,给予药物治疗,第16周末测定血流动力学参数(LVSP,LVEDP,dp/dt_(max),-dp/dt_(max)),检测心脏NO,SOD,MDA,CAT,GSH-Px水平;用电镜观察左室心肌组织超微结构.结果:与模型对照组比较,灵芝多糖中、高剂量能有效降低血糖水平;改善糖尿病大鼠血流动力学指标:降低LVEP,升高LVSP,dp/dt_(max),-dp/dt_(max);能够有效对抗氧化应激作用.同时可以显著改善心肌超微结构.其中高剂量组效果优于中剂量组和BerG.结论:灵芝多糖能够明显改善T2DM大鼠血流动力学参数,降低其氧化应激的水平.     

灵芝多糖对糖尿病性勃起功能障碍大鼠氧化应激、病理学变化及线粒体损伤的改善作用

目的:研究灵芝多糖对糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction of diabetes mellitus,DM ED)的影响.方法:建立DM ED大鼠模型,分别用二甲双胍和不同浓度的灵芝多糖处理8周,并观察各组大鼠的一般体征.用ELISA试剂盒检测血胰岛素水平,用相关试剂盒检测阴茎海绵体组织SOD、...     

灵芝多糖对高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

目的:探索灵芝多糖对高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响。方法:50只大鼠随机分成5组:正常对照组、高血脂组和不同含量灵芝多糖组,除正常组外,其他组的大鼠采用高脂食物喂养1个月后,鼠尾采血测定血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三脂(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脂质过氧化物(LPO)。结果:灵芝多糖能明显降低TC,TG和LDL-C的浓度(P<0.01),能使HDL-C浓度升高(P<0.05),能明显提高血液GSH-Px和SOD酶活性(P<0.01),降低血液LPO的浓度(P<0.05)。结论:灵芝多糖能调节大鼠高脂血症的脂代谢和增强抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

灵芝孢子破壁对其多糖提取率的影响

灵芝孢子是赤芝Ganoclerma luadum(Fr.)kast的孢子,是灵芝的精华,也是近年抗癌及增强机体免疫功能的热门药物之一.灵芝孢子是否需要破壁的研究非常活跃,有的人认为破壁后内含成分容易氧化;有的人认为灵芝孢子不破壁就很难被吸收利用.对此本实验以多糖为指标,破壁的孢子与未破壁的孢子进行提取率的比较,以供用药参考.     

运动结合灵芝多糖干预对糖尿病大鼠血脂的影响

目的:观察运动结合灵芝多糖干预对糖尿病大鼠血脂的影响。方法:将SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(C)、糖尿病安静组(D)、糖尿病服药组(DG)、糖尿病运动组(DS)和糖尿病运动+服药组(DSG),每组8只,除C组外,其余各组采用STZ建立糖尿病大鼠模型,D组、DG组大鼠不运动,正常笼内生活,DS组和DSG组进行持续5周的跑台运动,DG组和DSG组同时每日灌胃灵芝多糖200 mg/kg,建模前及建模6周后测定大鼠血糖、血脂及糖化血清蛋白(GSP)。结果:糖尿病各组与正常对照组(C)相比体质量增加量均显著减少,血糖和糖化血清蛋白含量显著升高;运动及灵芝多糖干预后,与D组相比,DS、DG及DSG组体质量均明显增加;血糖和糖化血清蛋白显著下降,尤其以DSG组更明显。与C组相比,D组TG、LDL显著升高(P<0.01),TC有增高趋势,但不显著,HDL显著降低(P<0.01);经运动及灵芝多糖干预后,与D组相比,DG组TC、LDL明显降低(P<0.05),TG有降低趋势,HDL有升高趋势,但未达显著水平;DS组TC、TG显著降低(P<0.05),LDL有降低趋势,HDL有升高趋势,但未达显著水平;DSG组TG、TC、LDL显著降低(P<0.01),HDL明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:对STZ所致糖尿病大鼠施以运动及灵芝多糖双重干预后,发现运动结合灵芝多糖在降低糖尿病大鼠血糖的同时有明显降低血脂的效果。     

富硒灵芝对动脉粥样硬化大鼠抗氧化作用的影响

目的:通过观察富硒灵芝对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性的影响,探讨其抗氧化能力。方法:采用腹腔注射VitD3及喂养高脂饲料方法复制动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型。将50只大鼠分为正常对照组、模型对照组、富硒灵芝高剂量组、富硒灵芝低剂量组、血脂康阳性药对照组。测定各组大鼠血清中SOD、MDA水平和GSH-PX活性。结果:与模型对照组比较,富硒灵芝可显著降低动脉粥样硬化大鼠MDA水平,升高HDL-C、SOD水平,增强GSH-PX活性。结论:富硒灵芝对动脉粥样硬化大鼠具有一定的抗氧化损伤作用。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞蛋白激酶A活性的影响

为观察灵芝多糖（ＧＬＢ７）体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）蛋白激酶Ａ（ＰＫＡ）活性的影响,采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定ＭΦ中ＲＫＡ活力。结果表明ＧＬＢ７（４０ｍｇ／Ｌ）能引起小鼠腹腔ＭΦ中ＰＫＡ活性明显升高,１０ｍｉｎ达峰值,３０ｍｉｎ恢复到基础水平。提示灵芝多糖的免疫增强作用与其增强ＭΦ中ＰＫＡ活性有关。     

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage by Ganoderma lucidum

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, are associated with carcinogenesis and other pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, elimination or inactivation of ROS or inhibition of their excess generation may be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk for cancer and other diseases. Ganoderma lucidum has been used in traditional oriental medicine and has potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. In the present study, we tested the amino-polysaccharide fraction (designated as 'G009') from Ganoderma lucidum for the ability to protect against oxidative damage induced by ROS. G009 significantly inhibited iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and showed a dose-dependent inactivation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. It also reduced strand breakage in phiX174 supercoiled DNA caused by UV-induced photolysis of hydrogen peroxide and attenuated phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anions in differentiated human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells. These findings suggest that G009 from Ganoderma lucidum possesses chemopreventive potential.     

3种灵芝多糖的研究

 目的对3种灵芝多糖的含量、单糖组成和糖蛋白含量进行研究。方法提取和纯化灵芝子实体、菌丝体和发酵液多糖,应用高效液相色谱法和凯氏定氮法对多糖的含量、单糖组成及糖蛋白质含量作了分析、比较。结果3种灵芝多糖含量分别为：子实体含0.75%;菌丝体含2.13%;发酵液含0.982 g·L^-1。3种多糖均由葡萄糖、果糖组成,这两种单糖在子实体和菌丝体多糖中的摩尔比相同,为7∶1;在发酵液多糖中的摩尔比为2∶1。3种灵芝多糖中糖蛋白含量分别为：子实体多糖含12.22%;菌丝体多糖含26.62%;发酵液多糖含2.92%。结论研究结果为综合开发利用灵芝提供了科学依据。     

二氧化氯对灵芝菌丝生长的影响

目的探讨二氧化氯作为消毒剂应用于灵芝栽培和液体培养。方法平板法测定灵芝菌丝的生长和摇瓶发酵法测定灵芝的生物量。结果在未高温灭菌的培养基中添加0.7%(v.v-1)的二氧化氯,灵芝菌丝生长良好;灵芝菌丝液体发酵重量接近对照组。结论为灵芝栽培和液体发酵培养奠定基础。     

Comparative studies on the immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of the different parts of fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma spores

Ganoderma lucidum (GL, Lingzhi) has been suggested as a candidate for immunomodulation and cancer treatment. The present study aimed at comparing the different parts of the fruiting body (whole fruiting body, pileus and stipe) of GL as well as Ganoderma spores (sporoderm-broken and -unbroken), with regard to their antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in S-180 sarcoma-bearing mice. The hot water extracts of different parts of GL or the Ganoderma spores were orally administered to the sarcoma-bearing mice. The results showed that GL whole fruiting body, stipe and sporoderm-broken spore possessed stronger inhibitory activities on sarcoma growth when compared with the pileus extract. Higher immunomodulatory activities in terms of enhancing the proliferative responses and the cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-6) production of spleen lymphocytes were also found in GL stipe and sporoderm-broken spore treatment groups. The sporoderm-broken spores had higher stimulatory effects on mitogen-activated spleen lymphocytes of healthy mice than those of sarcoma-bearing mice. In addition, the immunostimulatory activities of GL hot water extracts and Ganoderma spores were shown to be comparable; hence the latter did not show superiority in efficacy. This is the first comparative study on the immunomodulatory activities of Ganoderma spores and the fruiting body extracts.     

The inhibitory effect on aldose reductase by an extract of Ganoderma lucidum

The human aldose reductase inhibitory effects of the methanol extracts of 17 medicinal and edible mushrooms were examined. Ganoderma lucidum showed the highest aldose reductase inhibitory activity compared with the other mushrooms. The effect of an ethanol extract of G. lucidum on the galactitol level in the eye lens was studied in a galactosemic rat model in vivo. This mushroom significantly decreased the galactitol accumulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

雪灵芝总皂苷对胃肠平滑肌的作用

目的：观察雪灵芝总皂苷是否具有促进小鼠肠蠕动的作用以及对家兔离体肠肌活动的影响。方法：1．肠蠕动实验：先给雪灵芝总皂苷、甲基硫酸新斯的明、蒸馏水30min后,再给予碳末。给予碳末30min后测定碳末在肠中的推进率。2．兔子离体肠肌实验：测离体兔肠肌给药前和给药后的活动情况,研究雪灵芝总皂苷对离体肠肌活动的影响。结果：雪灵芝总皂苷高、中剂量组有明显的增加肠蠕动的作用（P〈0．05）,对家兔离体肠肌给药后与给药前比较,张力和振幅有显著差别（P〈0．05）。结论：雪灵芝总皂苷能增加小鼠肠蠕动,对离体兔肠肌有明显的收缩作用。     

灵芝生料酿制液镇静催眠作用的研究

目的考察灵芝生料酿制液(GLB)镇静催眠药理作用。方法取NIH小鼠连续灌胃0.06,0.12,0.24g/kgGLB15d,测定GLB对实验小鼠自发活动情况,对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量、阈剂量小鼠睡眠时间和对戊四氮致小鼠惊厥的作用。结果GLB灌胃可减少小鼠自发活动,显著延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠动物数,GLB与戊巴比妥钠有协同作用。有对抗戊四氮致惊厥发作的作用,且剂量越大,作用越明显。结论GLB有明显的镇静、催眠、抗惊厥等中枢抑制作用。     

Antihepatoma Activity of the Acid and Neutral Components from Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum extracts or isolated components have been shown previously to acquire many potential biochemical and pharmacological activities, including cancer preventive or antitumor effects. The supercritical fluid extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (total component, TC) and its acid component (AC) and neutral component (NC), were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their antihepatoma activities. The NC showed a conspicuous inhibitory effect on tumor growth of Heps‐bearing mice, whereas AC was less effective. The TC, NC and AC all inhibited the proliferation of BEL‐7402 cells through apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, the NC and TC induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, but the AC resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of cells at G1 phase by flow cytometry. It is suggested that NC is an indispensable effective component in terms of antihepatoma activity and its constituents need to be investigated in detail. It was found that the NC, which was detected by GC‐MS, contained fatty acids and steroids; hence, it is proposed that some compounds such as long‐chain fatty acids and steroids in the NC might also contribute to the antihepatoma activity, although the anticancer activities of G. lucidum traditionally have been considered to be associated with triterpenoids. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灵芝发酵培养基的研究

本文从无机盐、氮源、碳源、维生素等方面研究了灵芝发酵培养基的配方,然后根据发酵时所得到的不同菌粉得率,最终得出一个比较合适的灵芝发酵培养基配方。