Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of treatment-associated changes in recurrent and residual medulloblastoma: preliminary observations in three children

Purpose: To emphasize a possible role of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for lesion conspicuity and detection of treatment effects in children with medulloblastoma.

Material and Methods: Three children with medulloblastoma (two residual and one recurrent) were examined repetitively by MR diffusion-weighted imaging. Regional assessment of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was done for tumorous lesions and periventricular white matter appearing normal on standard MR images.

Results: All lesions were clearly visible on DWI. In the case of recurrent tumor, on one scan, DWI showed lesions that were not seen on contrast-enhanced MRI. Increase (41%) of ADC was seen in one lesion, which subsequently responded completely to treatment over 27 months' follow-up. Intermediate increases (23-26%) of ADC were found with partial therapy response in three lesions. In contrast, a decrease (-11%) of ADC in two lesions was seen with tumor progression.

Conclusion: These observations may suggest a role for DWI in early detection of metastatic disease and treatment monitoring of medulloblastoma, warranting a formal study.     

Diffusion-weighted imaging in the follow-up of treated high-grade gliomas: tumor recurrence versus radiation injury

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging is a means to characterize and differentiate morphologic features, including edema, necrosis, and tumor tissue, by measuring differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). We hypothesized that DW imaging has the potential to differentiate recurrent or progressive tumor growth from treatment-induced damage to brain parenchyma in high-grade gliomas after radiation therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed follow-up conventional and DW MR images obtained starting 1 month after completion of radiation treatment with or without chemotherapy for histologically proved high-grade gliomas. Eighteen patients with areas of abnormal enhancing tissue were identified. ADC maps were calculated from echo-planar DW images, and mean ADC values and ADC ratios (ADC of enhancing lesion to ADC of contralateral white matter) were compared with final diagnosis. Recurrence was established by histologic examination or by clinical course and a combination of imaging studies. RESULTS: Recurrence and nonrecurrence could be differentiated by using mean ADC values and ADC ratios. ADC ratios in the recurrence group showed significantly lower values (mean +/- SD, 1.43 +/- 0.11) than those of the nonrecurrence group (1.82 +/- 0.07, P <.001). Mean ADCs of the recurrent tumors (mean +/- SD, 1.18 +/- 0.13 x 10(-3) mm/s(2)) were significantly lower than those of the nonrecurrence group (1.40 +/- 0.17 x 10(-3) mm/s(2), P <.006). CONCLUSION: Assessment of ADC ratios of enhancing regions in the follow-up of treated high-grade gliomas is useful in differentiating radiation effects from tumor recurrence or progression.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肝癌TACE术后随访中的定性和定量应用

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后随访中定性和定量评价残留或复发肿瘤组织的能力。方法对16例行TACE术后肝癌患者分别进行DWI、上腹部增强CT和DSA造影检查。DWI检查取扩散敏感梯度因子(b值为0及500s/mm~2),利用固定参数组合的自旋回波-平面回波(SE-EPI)序列。与上腹部增强CT和DSA造影检查相对照,观察碘化油沉积灶、肿瘤坏死组织和肿瘤组织在DWI上的信号特征;分别测量TACE术后病灶的ADC值和对应的CF最大强化值,并作相关性分析。结果DWI显示TACE术后病灶内部信号较复杂,2例(2/16)病灶碘油沉积完整,DSA检查无肿瘤染色,CT图像显示为完整的碘化油沉积灶,DWI为均匀低信号;2例(2/16)病灶为碘油沉积但出现局部缺损,DSA检查可见缺损区肿瘤染色,DWI图像上碘油沉积区表现为低信号,肿瘤染色区为高信号;12例(12/16)病灶DSA检查可见无或稍许碘油沉积,造影见大量肿瘤染色,其内可见无或轻微染色的缺血、坏死肿瘤组织,DWI图像上肿瘤染色区域表现为高信号,缺血坏死区为低或较低信号;对14例(14/ 16)病灶内肿瘤组织的ADC值与其最大CF强化值进行相关性分析,两者存在相关性(r=-0.76490,P<0.01)。结论DWI是一种灵敏的检测肝癌TACE术后肝内新发病灶的无创性成像方法,可监测TACE术后病灶残留或复发活组织和坏死情况,小b值(500s/mm~2)的ADC值可在一定程度上反映肿瘤的血供,可以用于肝癌TACE术后随访。     

MRI联合DWI在强直性脊柱炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨MRI联合DWI对强直性脊柱炎(AS)的诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经修订纽约标准确诊的31例AS病例和25例正常对照组,两组均行两侧骶髂关节常规MRI横断位和冠状位抑脂T2WI、T1WI联合SE/EPI扩散加权成像(DWI)横断位扫描(b值0,600 s/mm2),观察两组骶髂关节的信号改变,测量表观扩散系数(ADC)值并作统计学检验。结果 31例病例组中的24例双侧或单侧骶髂关节面下骨质抑脂T2WI呈高信号,29例DWI呈高信号,25例对照组骶髂关节面下骨质T2WI、DWI均呈等信号,测量ADC值,病变组为(0.993±0.169)×10-3mm2/s,对照组为(0.649±0.395)×10-3mm2/s,病变组ADC值明显高于对照组(t=4.14,P<0.001),两者间差异有统计学意义。结论 MRI联合DWI对AS早期诊断有重要的临床价值。     

DCE-MRI减影技术及DWI序列在原发性肝癌局部介入术后评估的应用研究

目的探讨磁共振动态增强减影技术及DWI序列在原发性肝癌经局部介入治疗术后疗效评估中的应用价值。方法收集56例经临床或病理证实为原发性肝癌的患者,同时满足1)接受过射频消融、微波消融、动脉内碘油栓塞等局部介入治疗术后≥6个月;2)治疗后病灶MRI表现为平扫T1高信号,且病灶直径≥1cm。共纳入符合标准的74个病灶,根据mRECIST标准,将所有病灶分为完全坏死组(42个病灶)和复发残留组(32个病灶)。由两位腹部影像诊断医师对MRI常规动态增强、动态增强减影及DWI(联合ADC)图像分别进行肉眼分析并对疗效判断的信心度进行评分,采用方差分析比较三种技术医师信心度水平差异;分别计算病灶在MRI常规动态增强与增强减影后动脉期、静脉期图像上的对比信噪比(CNR),采用t检验比较减影前后差异;测量所有病灶ADC值并对比完全坏死组与复发残留组之间差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果完全坏死组1)诊断医师对常规动态增强、动态增强减影、DWI(联合ADC)三种技术肉眼判断肿瘤完全性坏死的信心度评分无显著差异;2)MRI动态增强动脉期减影前、后病灶CNR值无显著差异;静脉期减影后病灶CNR值明显大于减影前。复发残留组1)三种技术判断病灶内仍有活性肿瘤组织残留或复发的医师信心度评分由高到低为动态增强减影>常规动态增强>DWI(联合ADC);2)MRI动态增强动脉期、静脉期减影后病灶CNR值均显著大于减影前。复发残留组病灶平均ADC值明显低于完全性坏死组。结论与常规动态增强相比,减影技术结合DWI及ADC图像的定量分析,可以更加准确评估原发性肝癌局部治疗疗效。     

表观弥散系数在高级别胶质瘤与急性期脑梗死鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨表观弥散系数(ADC值)在高级别胶质瘤与急性期脑梗死鉴别诊断中的应用。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的18例高级别胶质瘤及正规及时溶栓治疗的28例急性期脑梗死的常规磁共振表现和弥散加权成像(DWI)表现,对照分析高级别胶质瘤实性部分、急性期脑梗死灶中心部分及对侧正常脑组织ADC值。结果 18例高级别胶质瘤患者共发现20个病灶,其中11例病灶内合并有出血、坏死和囊变,肿瘤实质部分呈稍高信号,囊变坏死区呈明显低信号,肿瘤实质部分平均ADC值为(0.92±0.12)×10-3mm2/s,对侧相应正常部位平均ADC值为(0.79±0.09)×10-3mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),急性期脑梗死在DWI上表现为高或稍高信号,其ADC值明显低于对侧相应区域,平均ADC值为(0.69±0.10)×10-3mm2/s,高级别胶质瘤实性部分与急性期脑梗死平均ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DWI表现及ADC值对高级别胶质瘤与急性期脑梗死磁共振鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

Chronic cystic lesion of the sacrum: characterisation with diffusion-weighted MR imaging

PURPOSE: Sacral bone remodelling with abnormal dilatation of intervertebral foramina is usually associated with Tarlov cysts but can be caused by slow-growth lesions, which also may present cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF)-like signal or density. We describe three patients with a similar history of lower back pain presenting CSF-like density/signal lesions with extensive sacral bone remodelling who were affected by a Tarlov cyst, an epidermoid cyst and a giant neurofibroma, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed with 1.0-T magnet; axial and sagittal pre- and postcontrast T1-and T2-weighted images were obtained. Moreover, axial and sagittal diffusion-weighted (DWI) echoplanar images were produced, and corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated. ADC values were measured within the lesions on axial images. RESULTS: All lesions presented a CSF-like signal on conventional MRI. The Tarlov cyst was hypointense on DWI with high ADC values (2,793 s/mm(2)+/-137). The epidermoid cyst proved to be markedly hyperintense on DWI, with reduced ADC values (855 s/mm(2)+/-109). The neurofibroma was isointense on DWI, with ADC values not compatible with CSF (1,467 s/mm(2)+/-130). CONCLUSIONS: DWI and ADC values seem to be able to clearly differentiate Tarlov cysts from slow-growth lesions, allowing for adequate treatment.     

Unsupervised segmentation of multiparameter MRI in experimental cerebral ischemia with comparison to T2, diffusion, and ADC MRI parameters and histopathological validation

This study presents histological validation of an objective (unsupervised) computer segmentation algorithm, the iterative self-organizing data analysis technique (ISODATA), for analysis of multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. T2-, T1-, and diffusion (DWI) weighted coronal images were acquired from 4 to 168 hours after stroke on separate groups of animals. Animals were killed immediately after MRI for histological analysis. MR images were coregistered/warped to histology. MRI lesion areas were defined using DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, T2-weighted images, and ISODATA. The last techniques clearly discriminated between ischemia-altered and morphologically intact tissue. ISODATA areas were congruent and significantly correlated (r = 0.99, P < 0.05) with histologically defined lesions. In contrast, DWI, ADC, and T2 lesion areas showed no significant correlation with histologically evaluated lesions until subacute time points. These data indicate that multiparameter ISODATA methodology can accurately detect and identify ischemic cell damage early and late after ischemia, with ISODATA outperforming ADC, DWI, and T2-weighted images in identification of ischemic lesions from 4 to 168 hours after stroke.     

Detection of hyperacute parenchymal hemorrhage of the brain using echo-planar T2*-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI

We investigated the usefulness of echo-planar imaging (EPI) as well as T2^*-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) to identify hyperacute hemorrhage (within 24 h after ictus) in the brain. Seven patients were examined 3.5 to 24 h after onset of symptoms using a whole-body 1.5-T MR system. Two diffusion-weighted sequences were run to obtain isotropic and anisotropic diffusion images. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated from the isotropic diffusion images. All DWI images as well as the T2*-weighted EPI images showed the hematomas as either discrete, deeply hypointense homogeneous lesions, or as lesions of mixed signal intensity containing hypointense areas. We conclude that even in the early phase after hemorrhage, sufficient amounts of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin are present in intracerebral hemorrhages to cause hypointensity on EPI T2^*-weighted and DWI images; thus, use of ultrafast EPI allows identification of intracerebral hemorrhage. Received: 21 March 2000 Revised: 26 July 2000 Accepted: 27 July 2000     

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in Japanese encephalitis

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and to look for any relationship of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values with duration of the illness. METHODS: We performed DWI in fourteen patients of JE. T2 weighted (T2W) and DWI were compared for number and location of lesions in all patients. Based on imaging patients were divided in three groups: group 1 (n=9) showing more lesions on DWI compared with T2W images, group 2 (n=3) with equal number of lesions on T2W and DWI and group 3 (n=2) with lesions more pronounced on T2W than DWI. ADC values were computed for all the lesions. The time interval between onset of neurologic signs/symptoms and MRI were charted and correlated with ADC values. RESULTS: DWI was helpful in making early diagnosis of JE by showing characteristic involvement of bilateral thalami in four patients. Nine out of fourteen patients showed additional lesions on DWI. ADC from lesions in groups I, II and III measured 0.648 +/- 0.099 x 10 mm/s, 0.739 +/- 0.166 x 10 mm/s and 1.123 +/- 0.185 x 10 mm/s respectively. The ADC from the lesions in group 1 was significantly lower compared with group 2 (P value <0.05) while it was higher in group 3 lesions compared with the other two groups. There was a significant direct correlation of ADC values with the disease duration in these cases (r=0.847, P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: DWI is helpful in early diagnosis and characterization of the duration of the lesions in JE.     

MR扩散加权成像在肝癌介入治疗后随访中的图像评价

目的：探讨不同扩散敏感梯度因子（b值）MR扩散加权成像（DWI）对肝癌介入治疗后随访中图像质量的影响。方法：对20例肝癌介入治疗后患者分别进行DWI检查和MRI常规扫描（T1WI和T2WI）。每次取2个扩散敏感梯度值即b=0和／或150、350、500和800s／mm^2利用固定参数组合的自旋回波-平面回波（SE—EPI）序列进行DWI检查。在各成像序列上分别计算病灶信号-噪声比（SNR）、病灶-脏信号对比噪声比（CNR）和病灶的ADC值;与肝脏CT和DSA检查结果进行对比分析,定性评价不同b值DWI对肿瘤内部坏死组织和活组织的鉴别诊断能力。结果：病灶在T2WI、DWI150、DWI350、DWI500和DWI800的SNR分别为：（69．81±18．99）、（59．33±32．66）、（59．23±32．94）、（54．25±19．71）、（39．43士11．67）,差异有统计学意义（F＝4．43,P＝0．0024）;病灶-肝脏CNR分别为（19．11±11．33）、（17．69±9．20）、（21．38±10．10）、（19．90±13．75）和（13,24±11．02）,差异无统计学意义（F=1．70,P＝0．1556）;b＝150、350、500和800s／mm^2时病灶的ADC分别为（2．35±0．80）×10^-3、（1．95±0．59）×10^-3、（1．78±0．44）×10^-3和（1．54±0．37）×10^-3mm^2／s,差异有统计学意义（F=21．96,P=0．0001）。DWI500和DWI800病灶内部坏死和活性肿瘤组织能有效区分。结论：在肝癌介入治疗后随访检查时,选择合适的扩散梯度系数能够得到较佳的信号对比度,同时也能较准确地区分坏死组织与活性肿瘤。     

Role of diffusion-weighted MR in differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterizing cerebral cystic lesions. The usefulness of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in lesion characterization was also evaluated. METHODS: We compared the findings of conventional MR images with those of DWI: 63 cystic masses in 48 patients were examined with routine MR imaging and echo-planar DWI. The routine MR imaging included at least the axial T2- and T1-weighted sequences, and post-contrast T1 axial sequences. The DWI included an echo-planar spin-echo sequence with three values (0, 500 and 1000s/mm(2)) sensitizing gradient in the x, y, z direction, and it obtained an ADC map. RESULTS: The sensitivity of DWI for differentiating abscesses from primary brain tumours was 100%; for differentiating abscesses from metastatic tumours was 73%; for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 90%. CONCLUSION: Although some metastatic lesions may appear hyperintense on DWI thus imitating an abscess, evaluation of the lesions with both DWI and conventional MRI may have an important contribution to the differentiation of tumours from abscesses.     

MR背景抑制扩散加权成像在乳腺癌的应用

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)结合短时间反转恢复回波成像(STIR-EPI)背景抑制(BS)技术在乳腺癌成像的技术参数及其可行性.方法 回顾性分析26例乳腺癌的MR DWIBS测得各组织的表观扩散系数(ADC),利用三维最大强度投影(3D-MIP)重组及黑白反转技术,观察病变显示效果.观察乳腺痛DWI及DWIBS两种方法的显示率.对乳腺各组织的ADC值进行随机区组设计的方差分析,在乳腺癌与良性病变ADC值的比较中,采用t检验.对两种成像方法乳腺癌的显示率进行配对资料X2检验.结果 在扩散敏感因子(b)=800 mm2/s的图像中,乳腺癌多表现为高信号,其ADC值分别为:肿瘤实质(0.93±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s、瘤内坏死灶(2.06±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s、正常腺体(1.92±0.23)×10-3 mm2/s、转移性淋巴结(1.10 ± 0.14)×10-3mm2/s,各种组织间两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).DWIBS经MIP重组及黑白反转技术,病变周围组织信号被抑制,得到类正电子发射体层成像(PET)图像.在乳腺癌中,DWIBS对肿瘤实质(92.3/)及转移性淋巴结(88.4/)的显示率要高于DWI序列(分别为57.6/和42.3/),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为8.307、12.235,P均＜0.05).乳腺癌与良性病变ADC值分别为(1.092±0·17)×10-3和(2.154±0.53)×10-3mm2/s,差异有统计学意义(t=8.626,P＜0.05).结论 MRDWIBS在显示病灶方面有一定优势,应用DWI结合ADC值对乳腺癌的诊断具有临床应用前景.     

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: relationship between clinical stage and diffusion-weighted imaging findings

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between clinical stages and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in the brain of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with stage II (N = 11) and III (N = 7) SSPE and 11 age-matched controls underwent routine MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The ADC values were automatically calculated. Seven distinct neuroanatomic structures (frontal, parieto-occipital, and cerebellar white matter; deep white matter; thalamus; basal ganglia; and brainstem) were selected for analysis in the patient and control groups. RESULTS: Hyperintensities in the periventricular and subcortical white matters on T2-weighted images and ADC maps were detected in 63.6% of patients with stage II and in all patients with stage III. There were significant differences between stage II and III patients and also between patients and control group in ADC values that obtained from all locations. The highest mean ADC values were calculated in stage III patients. Although MRI and DWI findings were normal in four patients with stage II disease, ADC values were significantly increased when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: The stage of disorder may be independent of DWI appearance during the early stage (stages I and II), even though the brain is affected. Therefore, DWI and ADC values supplemental to routine MRI should also be utilized for lesion detection and definition to enhance diagnostic accuracy in patients with SSPE.     

Concepts and controversies in nonketotic hyperglycemia‐induced hemichorea: Further evidence from susceptibility‐weighted MR imaging

Hyperglycemia‐induced hemichorea can show T1 hyperintensity of the contralateral striatum on MRI. This is thought to be due to petechial hemorrhages or gemistocytic astrocyte accumulation. This study explores the utility of susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying the nature of these lesions. Three patients underwent MR imaging of the brain with SE T1, F SE T2, DWI, and SWI. T1 images showed hyperintensity predominantly involving the contralateral striatum, where mild (two cases) to moderate (one case) restricted diffusion (low apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) was detected on DWI. SWI demonstrated bilateral symmetrical hypointensities in the first two cases, suggesting age associated mineralization. In addition, increased susceptibility change (hypointensity) was also noted in the right putamen in the first and the third cases, suggesting paramagnetic mineral deposition. T1 hyperintensity may be from the protein hydration layer inside the cytoplasm of swollen gemistocytes appearing after an acute cerebral injury. These astrocytes also express metallothionein with zinc, which is thought to be the cause of asymmetric hypointensity of the posterior putamen on SWI. ADC values were thought to be useful for prognostication; however, they should be interpreted cautiously in the presence of susceptibility changes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:699–703. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

扩散加权成像在脊髓急性外伤中的应用

目的　研究扩散加权成像(DWI)在脊髓急性外伤中的应用价值。方法　急性脊髓外伤18例,在72h内行常规MRI和DWI(Philips1. 5TMR仪),其中2例行单次激发DWI(ssh DWI),16例行多次激发DWI(msh DWI)。结果　2例行ssh DWI者,均显示为脊髓病灶局部明显高信号,但图像质量较差,无法行表观扩散系数(ADC)值测量。其余16例均行msh DWI,图像质量明显改善,按照损伤程度和DWI表现不同分为3型: (1)水肿型:本组10例,损伤病灶呈不同程度DWI高信号,损伤部较正常部ADC值有明显减低(t=7. 515,P<0. 01),但本组急性期( 72h)内ADC值在24h内(4例)和25~48h(5例)两组间差异无统计学意义(t=0. 844,P>0. 05); (2)混合型: 4例,病灶混合出血与水肿,DWI呈混杂高信号; (3)出血型: 2例,病灶以出血为主,DWI呈低信号,相应T2WI呈不均匀高信号,T1WI低信号。结论　DWI为脊髓外伤的超早期诊断、帮助判断脊髓传导功能的完整性和脊髓压迫损伤的程度,以及是否合并出血等提供了新的客观手段,值得进一步临床研究和应用。     

MR扩散加权成像在氟尿嘧啶治疗小鼠皮下移植肝癌疗效评价中的价值

目的:探讨磁共振DWI成像技术在氟尿嘧啶治疗小鼠皮下移植肝癌疗效评价中的作用.方法:将小鼠随机分为两组,制备小鼠H22皮下种植肝癌模型.种植成功第5天后,A组隔天给予氟尿嘧啶腹腔注射,B组给予蒸馏水灌胃.第15天进行MR检查,测量肿瘤组织的表观扩散系数(ADC).检查完毕后处死小鼠,测量血清中血管生成因子(VEGF)水平;取瘤体及脾脏分别称重,计算肿瘤指数及脾脏指数;检测新鲜肿瘤组织肝癌细胞凋亡的DNA百分比.将两组小鼠的ADC值及实验室数据行t检验,分析两组小鼠ADC值与各实验室结果的相关性.结果:在扩散敏感因子(b)=600s/mm~2及1200s/mm~2的DWI图像中,肝癌多表现为高信号,其内的坏死部分为低信号.A组、B组肿瘤实质部分的ADC值分别为:780±122mm~2/s、596.50±80.17mm~2/s;1421 ±160mm~2/s、1232.804-85.02mm~2/s,两者具有统计学差异(P<0.05).肿瘤实质成分的ADC值与血清中VEGF水平、肝癌细胞凋亡的DNA百分比、处死后称得的瘤体及脾脏重量存在相关性.结论:ADC值可以反映氟尿嘧啶对肿瘤生长抑制的情况,MR DWI技术及ADC值在氟尿嘧啶治疗小鼠皮下移植肝癌疗效评价方面具有可行性.     

扩散加权成像对局灶性肝癌血供分析的诊断价值

目的探讨不同b值下,磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对局灶性肝癌的血供分析的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经临床诊断或病理证实的31例原发性肝癌和30例转移性肝癌行MRI动态增强扫描和DWI扫描,按照增强动脉期的表现分为富血供组(42个病灶)和乏血供组(47个病灶);观察b值分别为50、500s/mm2时的DWI图像特征,并测量病灶的ADC值。结果 b值为50s/mm2时,富血供病灶组DWI图像上为均匀稍高或高信号,平均ADC值为(3.56±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s,乏血供病灶组DWI呈均匀稍高信号,平均ADC值为(2.50±0.19)×10-3 mm2/s;同时对12个内部血供不均匀的病灶观察,在DWI图像上病灶内信号呈不均匀改变,b值为50s/mm2时富血供区较乏血供区信号下降更明显。在b=50s/mm2时,富血供病灶与乏血供病灶的ADC值有统计学差异(t=2.37,P<0.05)。结论依据磁共振DWI图像特点和ADC值测量,MRI对肝脏局灶性肝癌的血供分析具有一定的价值。     

常规MRI联合DWI在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DWI图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值。按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶。比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值。结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5%),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4%),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3%)。多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001)。结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据。     

经量化的扩散加权成像对肝脏占位性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨经量化的扩散加权成像(DWI)在肝脏占位性疾病影像诊断中的价值。方法本组回顾性分析120例肝脏占位性病变患者及对照组12例正常肝脏的影像资料,应用3.0T MR 行常规 MR 及 DWI,120例患者共检出179个病灶(其中53个肝癌、61个转移瘤、32个肝血管瘤及33个肝囊肿),分析其与对照组的 DWI 图及表观扩散系数(ADC)图,并测量 ADC 值,比较其间是否存在统计学差异。结果本组研究 b 值选择800 s/mm2,(1)其中33个肝囊肿呈低信号,51个肝癌、61个肝转移瘤及32个肝血管瘤呈高信号,肝囊肿的 DWI 图像信号与肝癌、肝转移瘤及肝血管瘤有显著性差异(P <0.05);(2)肝癌、肝转移瘤 ADC 伪彩图大体呈冷色系表现,肝囊肿、肝血管瘤 ADC 伪彩图大体呈暖色系表现;(3)肝癌、肝转移瘤、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿平均 ADC 值相互间行两两比较,总体上存在统计学差异(P <0.05),但肝癌与肝转移瘤之间两两比较,无统计学差异(P >0.05),通过结合背景肝,比较肝癌的病灶/背景肝 ADC 值与肝转移瘤的病灶/背景肝 ADC 值,二者差异有显著性(P <0.05)。结论DWI 和 ADC 图分析及ADC 值测量可为肝脏占位性病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供重要的补充信息。