异丙酚复合腰硬联合麻醉对妇科腹腔镜手术患者氧代谢的影响

目的 研究异丙酚复合腰硬联合麻醉应用于妇科腹腔镜手术对患者术中氧代谢的影响.方法 15例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者,在异丙酚复合腰硬联合麻醉下行妇科腹腔镜手术,采用Swan-Ganz导管技术及反向Fick检测方法 对麻醉手术期间的氧代谢进行测定,检测点为麻醉前、麻醉后,气腹后10、30、60 min和放气腹后15 min.结果 与麻醉前比较,供氧在麻醉后及气腹过程中轻度下降,而氧耗(VO2)、摄氧率(ERO2)均显著降低(P＜0.05).pH值在麻醉后及气腹过程中均明显降低,与麻醉前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),PaCO2麻醉后及气腹过程中均明显增高,与麻醉前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但术毕停气腹后15 min各参数恢复至麻醉前水平.结论 异丙酚复合腰硬联合麻醉应用于ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者妇科腹腔镜手术能降低氧消耗,无氧代谢谢障碍,但麻醉后及术中有发生高CO2血症和轻度酸中毒风险,术中应加强监测和呼吸管理.     

腰-硬联合麻醉在妇科腹腔镜术中的应用

目的：比较腰-硬联合麻醉和气管插管全身麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。方法：100例ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级行腹腔镜妇科手术患者,随机分为腰-硬联合麻醉复合静脉麻醉组（Ⅰ组,n=50）和气管插管全身麻醉组（Ⅱ组,n=50）。Ⅰ组患者采用腰-硬联合麻醉,术中静注丙泊酚维持麻醉。Ⅱ组患者麻醉诱导后气管插管,术中吸入异氟烷、静注异丙酚维持麻醉。两组患者均进行心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）等生命体征监测。记录麻醉前、气腹前、气腹中、停气腹后HR、MAP、SpO2以及术中、术后并发症。结果：Ⅰ组患者术中HR、MAP、SpO2平稳,术毕即可回病房。而Ⅱ组患者麻醉诱导气管插管后、气腹后、拔管后MAP明显升高,且高于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,患者术后20-60 min才能回病房。结论：腰-硬联合麻醉较好控制机体的应激反应,适用于妇科腹腔镜手术的麻醉。     

无创正压通气在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨无创正压通气复合腰-硬联合麻醉行妇科腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性。方法30例在腰-硬联合麻醉下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级),随机分为两组,每组15例,A组:鼻饲给氧,B组:无创正压通气(NPPV)。观麻记录麻醉前、后,气腹后10min、30min、1h,术毕15min各时点的HR、SpO2、MAP、RR,并采集动脉血,行血气分析。结果A组SpO2、RR、PH麻醉后与麻醉前及B组同时点比较下降明显(P<0.05)。A、B两组MAP、HR及B组SpO2、RR麻醉后各时点与术前比较无明显变化(P>0.05)。两组PaO2术中均较麻醉前明显增高(P<0.05),麻醉后B组与A组各时点比增加更为明显(P<0.05)。A组PaCO2麻醉后与麻醉前及B组同时点比较明显增高(P<0.05)。但各参数术毕15min均恢复至麻醉前水平。结论无创正压通气复合腰-硬联合麻醉行妇科腹腔镜手术,可避免术中因二氧化碳蓄积而发生高碳酸血症和酸中毒危险。     

无创正压通气复合腰-硬联合麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的 探讨无创正压通气复合腰-硬联合麻醉行妇科腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性.方法 30例在腰-硬联合麻醉下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者随机分为两组,每组15例,A组:鼻饲给氧,B组:无创正压通气(NPPV).记录麻醉前、麻醉后、气腹后10,30,60 min,术毕15 min各时点的HR,SPO2,MAP,RR,并采集动脉血,行血气分析.结果 A组SpO2,RR,pH麻醉后与麻醉前及B组同时点比较下降明显(P＜0.05).A,B两组MAP,HR及B组SpO2,RR麻醉后各时点与术前比较无明显变化(P＞0.05).两组PaO2术中均较麻醉前明显增高(P＜0.05),麻醉后B组与A组各时点比较增加更为明显(P＜0.05).A组PaCO2麻醉后与麻醉前及B组同时点比较明显增高(P＜0.05).但各参数术毕15 min均恢复至麻醉前水平.结论 无创正压通气复合腰-硬联合麻醉行妇科腹腔镜手术安全有效,可避免术中因二氧化碳蓄积而发生高碳酸血症和酸中毒危险.     

异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉与全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的比较异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉与静吸复合全麻对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者呼吸、循环功能的影响,探讨异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性。方法选择60例拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者,随机分为A、B两组。A组（n=30）采用静吸复合全麻,B组（n=30）采用异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉,分别于麻醉前（T1）、麻醉后气腹前（T2）、气腹后5min（T5）、气腹后15min（T4）、气腹后50min（T5）和放气后5min（T6）6个时点观察SBP、DBP、RR、HR,和SpO2的动态变化,以及术中牵拉反应、恶心呕吐、术后躁动等不良反应发生率。结果与麻醉前（T1）比较,A组各时点指标差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,B组气腹后血压、心率降低,呼吸增快,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;与A组比较,B组气腹后血压、心率降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。B组恶心呕吐、术后躁动发生率低于A组。结论对ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉行腹腔镜胆囊切除术能一定程度上减轻应激反应,可以提供良好的麻醉效果,经济可行。     

不同麻醉方法应用于妇科腹腔镜手术的影响

目的：比较硬膜外麻醉与气管插管全身麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用效果。方法：选择我院2007年2月～2009年2月择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者56例,随机分为硬膜外组和全麻组各28例,分别于麻醉前、气腹后20min、放气后20min记录SBP、DBP、HR及SpO2的变化。结果：两组术前各项参数比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。气腹后20min硬膜外组的SBP、DBP及HR较麻醉前和全麻组均有明显升高（P〈0.01）,SpO2较麻醉前和全麻组明显降低（P〈0.01）。术毕放气后20min硬膜外组SBP、DBP、HR及SpO2恢复至术前水平,全麻组在气腹和放气后各参数无明显变化。硬膜外组患者气腹后有心悸、气促、腹胀痛等不适症状出现,全麻组患者无不适症状出现,术毕自主呼吸恢复充分,清醒迅速。结论：腹腔镜下妇科手术采用气管插管全身麻醉较安全,是妇科腹腔镜手术的理想麻醉方法。     

硬膜外麻醉与全麻在妇科腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的比较气管插管全身麻醉（G）和持续性硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉（E）在妇科腹腔镜手术中的麻醉安全性及应激反应。方法选择我院2009年7月～2010年12月200例妇科腹腔镜手术患者,其中100例手术采用气管插管全麻方式,另100例采用持续硬膜外麻醉方式。两组患者麻醉后,持续监测平均动脉压（MAP）、心电图（ECG）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、心率（HR）和呼气末二氧化碳分压（PetCO2）。记录两组患者CO2气腹前（T0）,气腹后5min（T1）、15min（T2）、30min（T3）及停气后10min（T4）的MAP,HR,SpO2以及术后苏醒时间（Tw）及此过程中的血糖变化情况。结果 E组T1、T2,HR明显降低（P〈O.05）,30min恢复到气腹前水平,G组气腹后HR无明显变化（P〉0.05）,两组比较差异无统计学意义。气腹后G组MAP显著升高（P〈0.05）,至停气后10min尚未恢复到气腹前水平,而E组整个气腹期间MAP无明显变化或略低（P〉0.05）,与G组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O.05）;T3及T4 G组血糖升高显著高于E组。结论硬膜外麻醉可安全用于短时间的妇科腹腔镜手术,并且硬膜外麻醉能够减轻手术引起的应激反应。     

小潮气量间歇正压通气对妇科恶性肿瘤患者氧供需平衡的影响

目的：探讨小潮气量间歇正压通气（ IPPV）对妇科恶性肿瘤患者机体氧供需平衡的影响。方法选择40例妇科恶性肿瘤手术患者,分为两组,术中分别采用小潮气量和常规潮气量IPPV,于麻醉诱导前、手术开始1、2h和术毕麻醉苏醒前分别采集桡动脉血和混合静脉血行血气分析及动脉血乳酸浓度测定,并计算动脉血氧含量（ CaO2）、混合静脉血氧含量和氧摄取率（ ERO2）。结果两组患者各时点的平均动脉压、心率的比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,麻醉诱导后两组患者的CvO2明显升高、ERO2显著下降（P＜0.01）,但两组患者各时点氧代谢相关指标的组间比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论小潮气量IPPV能很好地维持妇科恶性肿瘤患者手术中的血流动力学稳定,且对机体的氧供需平衡无明显不利影响。     

腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术应激反应的影响

目的 观察腰麻-硬膜外联合阻滞麻醉和全身麻醉用于腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术对血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素及血动力学的影响。方法 40例拟行腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前网片腹股沟疝修补术患者随机分为两组：两点穿刺法腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）组和全麻（GA）组，每组20例。监测麻醉前，手术开始前即刻，气腹后5min、30min、术毕30min各时点血浆NE、E浓度并记录HR、MAP值。结果 CSEA组各时点NE浓度无明显改变，手术开始前即刻及气腹后明显升高（P〈0.05），术后30min基本恢复；GA组气腹后NE及E均明显增加（P〈0．05），术后30min仍未恢复。手术开始前即刻CSEA组HR高于GA组（P〈0．05），气腹后CSEA组HR、MAP低于GA组。结论 腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉较全身麻醉能较好地抑制腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的应激反应。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同麻醉方法对应激反应的影响

目的:观察在硬膜外麻醉和全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术中血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)的变化.方法:将40例拟行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分成全麻(GA)组和硬膜外(EA)组,每组20例,监测麻醉前,气腹前10 mim、气腹后及放气后5 min各时点血浆NE、E浓度.结果:EA组术中各时点NE浓度无明显变化,气腹前及气腹后E明显增高(P＜0.05),术毕基本恢复(P＞0.05);GA组气腹后NE和E均明显增高(P＜0.05),术毕E仍未恢复(P＜0.05).结论:两种麻醉方法术中均存在明显应激反应,硬膜外麻醉下施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应激反应较全麻轻.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.