独脚金黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:对玄参科植物独脚金进行化学成分的分离与鉴定。方法:采用色谱分离技术进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构。结果:从独脚金中分离得到6个化合物,分别为:芹菜素-7-半乳糖醛酸苷(Ⅰ)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(Ⅱ)、槲皮苷(Ⅲ)、刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(Ⅳ)、芹菜素(Ⅴ)、金圣草素(Ⅵ)。结论:化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

毛杭子梢化学成分的研究

目的研究毛杭子梢Campylotropis hirtella根60%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法运用多种色谱学方法对毛杭子梢60%乙醇提取物的化学成分进行分离,并根据光谱数据对化合物进行结构解析。结果从该植物中分离得到6个化合物,鉴定为(3S,5R,8R)-3,5-二羟基-megastigman-6,7-亚烯-9-酮-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、开环异落叶松脂素-9′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、丁香醛(Ⅳ)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚1-O-β-D-芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅵ)。结论化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

巴西人参的化学成分研究

目的 研究巴西人参Pfaffia paniculata根的化学成分,阐明其药效物质基础.方法 利用薄层色谱、硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱等进行分离纯化,利用波谱技术和理化常数鉴定化合物结构.结果 分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为蜕皮甾酮(Ⅰ)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸(Ⅱ)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅳ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅴ)、豆甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、豆甾醇(Ⅶ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅷ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅸ)、20,22-异丙亚二氧基-β-蜕皮激素(Ⅹ)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3S,4R)-2-[2'R-羟基-十六碳酰胺]-十八碳-4-烯-1,3-二醇(Ⅺ)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯苷(ⅩⅡ).结论 化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、ⅩⅡ为首次从本属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

金线草化学成分研究

目的:研究蓼科药用植物金线草的化学成分。方法:采用色谱分离技术进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从金线草的乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了11个化合物,分别为:5-羟基-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-龙脑(Ⅰ)、腺苷(Ⅱ)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-2-(9Δ-十六酰胺基)-3,4,12-三羟基正十八烷醇(Ⅲ)、鼠李黄素(Ⅳ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷-槲皮素(Ⅴ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷-鼠李黄素(Ⅵ)、3,7-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-山柰酚(Ⅶ)、豆甾醇(Ⅷ)、正二十九烷酸(Ⅸ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅹ)、谷甾醇(Ⅺ)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

白花蛇舌草黄酮成分的研究

从茜草科植物白花蛇舌草中分离出5个黄酮化合物,经光谱数据分析鉴定它们的结构分别为山柰酚(Ⅰ),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),山柰酚-3-O-(6"-O-α-L-鼠李糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)和槲皮素-3-O-(2"-O-葡萄糖基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ).其中Ⅰ～Ⅲ和Ⅴ系首次自该植物中分得.     

少药八角果实中的黄酮类成分研究

目的分离并鉴定少药八角Illicium oligandrum果实中的黄酮类成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱和ODS反相柱色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,应用核磁共振和质谱等现代波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果从少药八角果实的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到11个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:山柰酚(Ⅰ)、槲皮素(Ⅱ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷(Ⅲ)、异=鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅳ)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷(Ⅴ)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(Ⅵ)、二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(Ⅶ)、二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(Ⅷ)、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅸ)、山柰酚-3-O-(6″-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅹ)、异鼠李素-3-O-(6″-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅺ)。结论11个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中,化合物Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅺ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

深绿山龙眼种子化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

目的对深绿山龙眼Helicianilagirica种子的化学成分进行研究。方法采用乙醇提取,石油醚、二氯甲烷、正丁醇萃取,硅胶柱色谱分离,通过理化性质和光谱分析鉴定结构。结果从石油醚部分分离鉴定4个化合物:正十六烷酸(Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-6′-乙酸酯(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)。结论以上化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为首次从山龙眼属植物中得到,化合物Ⅲ为新的天然产物。     

凤尾茶的化学成分研究

目的 研究凤尾茶Elsholtzia bodinieri的化学成分。方法 利用Sephadex LH-20和MCI gel CHP20P柱色谱进行分离和纯化，通过理化方法及光谱分析鉴定其结构。结果 从凤尾茶水提液中分离得到5个化合物，分别鉴定为2，6-二甲基-8-羟基-2，6-辛二烯酸-8-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅰ)、圣草素7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅱ)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅲ)、山柰酚3-O-芦丁糖苷(Ⅳ)、芦丁(Ⅴ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅴ均为首次从该植物中分离得到，其中Ⅰ为新化合物，命名为东紫苏苷(bodinierin)。     

山矾的化学成分研究

目的 研究山矾Symplocos caudata的化学成分.方法 采用色谱法分离,用波谱方法进行结构鉴定.结果 从山矾根中分离鉴定了9个化合物,5个木脂素苷:(7R,8S)-二氢脱氧二松柏醇4-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(7S,8R)-二氢脱氢二松柏醇4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、(7R,8S)-二氢脱氢二松柏醇9'-O-β-D-吡哺葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、橙皮素B(Ⅳ)、(+)-落叶松脂素-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ);还有1个三萜,2个甾醇和1个芳香苷:白桦脂酸(Ⅵ)、△7-豆甾烯醇(Ⅶ)、菠甾醇(Ⅷ)和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-1-O-β-D-呋哺芹糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D吡哺葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ).结论 除化合物Ⅰ和Ⅸ外,其他化合物均为首次从山矾科植物中分离得到.     

香鳞毛蕨的化学成分及其细胞毒活性

目的 研究香鳞毛蕨中的化学成分及其生物活性.方法 利用柱色谱和高效液相色谱等现代技术对香鳞毛蕨的化学成分进行分离,根据理化性质和现代波谱技术并辅以化学方法对化合物进行结构鉴定,采用MTT法测定化合物对Bel-7402、HCT-8及A-549的细胞毒活性.结果 共鉴定出4个化合物,分别为京尼平苷(geniposide,Ⅰ)、3S,5R,6R,7E,9S-四甲基环己烯型单萜-7-烯-3,5,6-9-四羟基-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(3S,5R,6R,7E,9Smegastigman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅱ)、(6S,9R)-3-酮-a-紫罗兰醇-9-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷[(6S,9R)-3-OXO-a-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Ⅲ]、香鳞毛蕨苷a(fragranoside a,Ⅳ).结论 化合物Ⅳ为新化合物,化合物Ⅰ～Ⅲ在鳞毛蕨属植物中均为首次发现.药理实验表明,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ具有显著的细胞毒活性.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。