Surgical complications exert a lasting effect on disease-specific health-related quality of life for patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: For individual patients with colorectal cancer, health-related quality of life (HRQL) after treatment is a function of several factors that include preexisting medical conditions, the disease burden, and the treatment that is rendered. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that were associated with posttreatment HRQL. METHODS: At baseline and again at 12 months after diagnosis, patients completed the colorectal cancer-specific HRQL survey: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-C). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the association between patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related variables and 12-month FACT-C total scores. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients completed the FACT-C at diagnosis and subsequently underwent open surgical removal of their primary tumor; 63 patients completed the 12-month survey. In univariate analysis, only chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at diagnosis or the occurrences of perioperative complications were associated with a reduction in 12-month HRQL scores. Considering both the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the occurrence of perioperative complications, along with the patient's FACT-C total score at diagnosis, age, tumor location, and stage of disease in a multivariate model, only the perioperative complications (odds ratio, 10.5; 95% CI, 2.1-52) and FACT-C total score at diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.005-1.07) were associated significantly with a lower than median HRQL score at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: For patients who undergo treatment of colorectal cancer, HRQL at 1 year after diagnosis is still influenced significantly and negatively by the occurrence of surgical complications.     

The association between anastomotic leakage and health-related quality of life after colorectal cancer surgery

Aim

Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication. Studies on the impact of AL on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between AL and HRQoL in colorectal cancer patients up to 2 years after diagnosis, and to evaluate whether AL is associated with a clinically relevant decrease in HRQoL over time.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with Stage I–III colorectal cancer undergoing elective surgical resection with primary anastomosis between 2010 and 2017 were included. HRQoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, represented by the summary score, and analysed at diagnosis and at 6 months and 2 years post-diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the association between AL and HRQoL, while multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between AL and a clinically relevant HRQoL decrease (≥10 points) during follow-up compared to the time of diagnosis.

Results

In total, 1197 patients were included of whom 63 (5%) developed AL. AL was not associated with HRQoL at 6 months post-diagnosis nor at 2 years post-diagnosis. However, having AL was associated with an increased risk of a clinically relevant decrease in HRQoL at 6 months post-diagnosis (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.62–8.21) but not at 2 years after diagnosis (OR 1.91, 95% CI 0.62–5.93).

Conclusion

Although AL was not associated with HRQoL at 6 months or 2 years post-diagnosis, AL was a determinant of a clinically relevant decrease in HRQoL at 6 months after diagnosis. Future work should identify feasible and effective strategies to prevent declines in QoL in this patient population.     

Clinical and non-clinical factors influencing postoperative health-related quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer

Background:

The aim was prospectively to evaluate health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after treatment of potentially curable colorectal cancer.

Methods:

HRQoL measurements were acquired by postal questionnaire sent to 210 patients with colorectal cancer for whom there was at least of 1 year of follow‐up. Data were collected at seven time points using two validated questionnaires, QLQ‐C30/CR38 and Short Form 12. Scores from salient HRQoL domains were compared with population norms. The independent associations between HRQoL and 13 treatment and non‐treatment variables were evaluated using linear regression. Recurrences were excluded.

Results:

A total of 186 patients (88·6 per cent) were followed up for 1 year, with 136 (64·8 per cent) and 84 (40·0 per cent) reaching the 18‐month and 2‐year follow‐up points respectively. HRQoL improved rapidly after surgery, with most scores equating to population norms by 3–6 months. In addition to baseline performance status, three factors were associated with significantly poorer HRQoL scores: age less than 65 years, low rectal anastomoses and presence of a stoma. The areas predominantly affected were normal daily routines, work and social activities.

Conclusion:

HRQoL largely recovered by 6 months in disease‐free patients, but some subgroups had poorer scores than others. Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

111例结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻术后并发症危险因素分析

目的 探讨结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻术后并发症（包括呼吸、循环、消化系统及局部）及其危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2009年12月北京大学第一医院诊治的111例结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻患者的病例资料.结果 右半结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻49例,其中48例（98.0%）实施肿瘤一期切除手术,1例患者因侵犯十二指肠及胰腺伴腹腔种植转移行回肠横结肠短路术.左半结肠癌伴发急性肠梗阻62例,53例（85.5%）实施肿瘤一期切除,其中23例行术中结肠灌洗及一期肿瘤切除吻合术,9例患者接受单纯结肠造口术.术后并发症发生率21.6%（24/111）,围手术期死亡率5.4%（6/111）.左半结肠癌与右半结肠癌肠梗阻术后,并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率两者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.单因素分析显示,高龄（大于60岁）（P=0.012）、美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级3～4级（P＜0.001）者术后并发症发生率较高.多因素分析显示,ASA分级3～4级（P=0.001,OR=8.583）是术后并发症的独立危险因素.结论 结肠癌致急性肠梗阻术后并发症发生率及围手术期死亡率较高 对于ASA 3～4级患者应谨慎选择恰当术式及术后加强监护.     

直肠癌病人术后生活质量的评估

目的　探讨直肠癌经腹会阴根治术(APE)和前切除术(AR)对病人生活质量的影响情 况。方法　对行APE的病人29例和行AR的病人41例进行术后1年两次随访,用QLQ CR38的主 要评价项目评估其生活质量。结果　HAR组与LAR组相比,术后3～6个月时生活质量有显著性差 异(P<0.05);术后9～12个月,仅腹泻项目有显著性差异;APE组和LAR组的病人在术后1年内生 活质量无显著性差异;APE组和HAR组相比,术后9～12个月时生活质量有明显差别的项目较3～ 6个月时增多。随着时间的延长,3组病人的生活质量均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论　LAR与 APE和HAR相比,仅在术后短期内(<9个月)生活质量有一定差别,在确保肿瘤切除、降低局部复 发率的前提下,应尽量行AR(LAR)为病人保留肛门并进一步研究改良AR手术方式。     

Long-term, health-related, quality of life comparison in patients undergoing single stage vs staged resection for complicated diverticular disease

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term health-related quality of life, for single-staged and staged resections following reversal, for complicated diverticular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 2003, 188 patients undergoing single stage (n = 158) or staged resection (n = 30) completed the SF-36 questionnaire. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was compared between the two groups and the US normal population based on the eight domains of the SF-36. HRQL analysis was also performed at various time intervals. The effect of age and postoperative complications on HRQL was also determined. Functional and postoperative outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: The single and staged resection groups differed in the presence of comorbidity, degree of peritoneal contamination and operative urgency. No difference in functional outcomes or HRQL was found, even after analysing time-interval subgroups. Social functioning and general health was substantially worse in both groups when compared to US norms. Ageing was found to significantly reduce physical functioning (P < 0.001) and physical and emotional role limitations (P < 0.001 for both). Post-operative complications significantly reduced scores when compared to patients without complications, for physical functioning (63.57 vs 78.7, respectively; P < 0.001), physical role limitation (80.65 vs 86.9, respectively; P < 0.001) and bodily pain (66.67 vs 74.81, respectively; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in long-term HRQL was found in patients undergoing single staged or staged resection for complicated diverticular disease. There was significant impact of ageing and postoperative complications on physical health. Prospective studies that include pre-operative data on HRQL are required to compare the two operative techniques, with emphasis on quality of life of patients left with a permanent stoma.     

Comparison of quality of life in patients undergoing abdominoperineal extirpation or anterior resection for rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing anterior resection (AR) or abdominoperineal extirpation (APE) for rectal cancer in a sample of patients recruited from a field trial. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Abdominoperineal resection has been reported to put patients at higher risk of disruption to QoL than sphincter-preserving surgery. METHODS: Fifty patients treated with AR and 23 patients treated with APE were prospectively followed up. All patients were treated in curative attempt and were disease-free throughout the study. QoL was assessed before surgery and 6 to 9 and 12 to 15 months after surgery. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance and subsequent post hoc comparisons revealed a main effect for time (role function, emotional function, body image, future perspective, and micturition-related problems) and group in favor of APE (sleeping problems, constipation, diarrhea), and a time-by-group interaction (role function). No significant results were obtained for the remaining scores, but patients undergoing APE consistently had more favorable QoL scores than those undergoing AR. Multivariate analysis and post hoc comparisons revealed a particularly poor QoL for patients undergoing low AR. They had a significantly lower total QoL, role function, social function, body image, and future perspective, and more gastrointestinal and defecation-related symptoms than patients undergoing high AR. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing APE do not have a poorer QoL than patients undergoing AR. Patients undergoing low AR have a lower QoL than those undergoing APE. Attention should be paid to QoL concerns expressed by patients undergoing low AR.     

Prospective longitudinal comparative study of health-related quality of life in patients undergoing invasive treatments for localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (QoL) concerns are important for patients selecting treatment options for clinically localized prostate cancer and are critical in evaluating outcomes. We report pretreatment and post-treatment general and disease-specific QoL for the following invasive interventions: open radical prostatectomy (ORP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), and palladium-103 ((103)Pd) brachytherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective longitudinal survey of 452 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer treated at a single medical center between 2001 and 2003. An Institutional Review Board-approved questionnaire comprised of validated QoL instruments was sent to patients scheduled to undergo ORP (N = 186), LRP (N = 116), or brachytherapy (N = 150). The same questionnaire was sent out 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after therapy. Comparisons were made between the groups to determine if the choice of therapy resulted in differences in QoL. RESULTS: General QoL scores were minimally affected by the choices; however, the disease-specific domains of bowel, urinary, and sexual function were adversely affected by all modalities. The ORP and LRP groups were similar among disease-specific domains and received lower post-treatment urinary and sexual scores than the (103)Pd patients. At 12 months, 38% of ORP and 46% of LRP patients had returned to baseline urinary function compared with 75% of (103)Pd patients. At 12 months, 63% of (103)Pd patients had returned to baseline sexual function compared with 19% of both the LRP and ORP patients. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive treatments for localized prostate cancer have little impact on general QoL but significantly affect disease-specific domains. Both ORP and LRP have a greater initial negative impact on urinary and sexual function than (103)Pd. The differences among the treatments with regard to QoL provide information to patients faced with choosing a treatment.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症发生率比较

目的 研究腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症发生率的差异。方法 前瞻性、非随机对照2000年9月至2005年12月由同一组医师连续实施的214例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜手术组）与277例开腹结直肠癌根治术（开腹组）患者术中与术后2周内并发症发生率的差异。结果腹腔镜手术组中转开腹14例（6．5％）。术中腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组并发症发生率分别为4．8％与3．6％（X^2=0．446，P〉0．05）。腹腔镜手术组出现骶前大出血、肠系膜下动脉根部出血、系膜出血、腹膜后气肿、吻合口破裂、直肠镜检并肠穿孔、阴道损伤及膈肌损伤各1例，直肠残端裂开2例；有7例予以中转开腹处理，术后无并发症出现。开腹手术组出现骶前大出血5例，直肠残端裂开与吻合口破裂各2例，输尿管损伤1例。术后腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组并发症发生率分别为23．5％与36．8％（X^2=9．598，P〈0．01），其中并发肠梗阻分别为3．5％与6．5％（X^2=2．102，P〉0．05）；吻合口瘘分别为2．0％与3．0％（X^2=0．089，P〉0．05）；吻合口出血分别为5．8％与3．5％（X^2=1．064，P〉0．05）；乳糜瘘分别为1．5％与2．5％（X^2=0．201，P〉0．05）；肺部感染分别为7．0％与9．0％（X^2=0．635，P〉0．05）；切口感染分别为5．5％与14．1％（X^2=4．978，P〈0．05）。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中并发症发生率与开腹手术无异，但术后并发症总发生率显著低于开腹手术。     

Predictors of improvement in health-related quality of life in patients undergoing cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients undergoing cholecystectomy. This study aimed to determine clinical variables that predict changes in HRQoL following cholecystectomy. METHODS: This was a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy for gallstones in six hospitals. Patients were asked to complete two questionnaires-the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI)-before and 3 months after cholecystectomy. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine factors potentially contributing to changes in HRQoL. RESULTS: Patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and low surgical risk experienced the highest HRQoL gains in several SF-36 and GIQLI domains, with significant improvements in physical function detected by both instruments, compared with asymptomatic individuals at high surgical risk. Patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis or high surgical risk experienced least improvement. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that cholecystectomy is appropriate for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and low surgical risk. In terms of HRQoL, the risk to benefit ratio seems poor for patients with asymptomatic gallstones.     

Randomized trial of health-related quality of life after open and laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer

Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported improved or unchanged three-year survival following laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) for colon cancer compared with that following open resection (OCR). The aim of this study was to determine health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients randomized to laparoscopic or open resection for colon cancer. Methods In total, 285 patients (130 LCR, 155 OCR) from seven Swedish centers were included. HRQL was assessed preoperatively and at 2, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively with the EQ-5D and EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Results The LCR patients did significantly better on the social function component of the EORTC QLQ-C30 at two and four weeks and on the role function component at two weeks. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection for colon cancer improved quality of life during the first postoperative month.     

开腹与腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后并发症的分级与评估

目的:探讨开腹手术与腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后并发症的分级及评估。方法:2009年6月至2011年8月前瞻性地连续纳入158例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者(腹腔镜组)及158例开腹结直肠癌根治术患者(开腹组),对比两组患者术后4周内并发症发生情况。分三步评价并发症的严重性。首先,将术后所有并发症根据Clavien分级进行分类。第二步,5位研究员分别独自应用直观叙述问卷模式对并发症的严重程度进行分级,0表示无术后并发症,100表示术后死亡。第三步,分别用中位数、最低及最高值对两组患者术后并发症进行评价。结果:开腹组术后并发症发生率显著高于腹腔镜组(23.4%vs.13.9%,P<0.05),术后并发症严重程度高于腹腔镜组。在敏感性比较中,中位数、最高值及最低值取得了类似结果。结论:开腹结直肠癌根治术术后并发症发生率显著高于腹腔镜手术,术后并发症严重程度亦高于腹腔镜手术。应用此分级评估法可对开腹与腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术术后并发症的发生做出直接评价。     

The association between post-concussion symptoms and health-related quality of life in patients with mild traumatic brain injury

A subset of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients experience post-concussion symptoms. When a cluster of post-concussion symptoms persists for over three months, it is referred to as post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Little is known about the association between PCS and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after mTBI. The aims of this study were to assess the implications of PCS on HRQoL six months after mTBI and the relationship between PCS and HRQoL domains. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among a sample of mTBI patients. Follow-up postal questionnaires at six months after emergency department (ED) admission included socio-demographic information, the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), and HRQoL measured with the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Perceived Quality of Life Scale (PQoL). In total, 731 mTBI patients were included, of whom 38.7% were classified as suffering from PCS. Patients with PCS had significantly lower scores on all SF-36 domains, lower physical and mental component summary scores and lower mean PQoL scores compared to patients without PCS. All items of the RPQ were negatively correlated to all SF-36 domains and PQoL subscale scores, indicating that reporting problems on any of the RPQ symptoms was associated with a decrease on different aspects of an individuals’ HRQoL. To conclude, PCS is common following mTBI and patients with PCS have a considerably lower HRQoL. A better understanding of the relationship between PCS and HRQoL and possible mediating factors in this relationship could improve intervention strategies, the recovery process for mTBI patients and benchmarking.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后并发症发生率的比较

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后并发症发生率的差异。方法对2000年1月至2011年9月同一组医师连续实施的910例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术（腹腔镜组）和434例开腹结直肠癌根治术（开腹手术组）患者术后并发症发生情况的差异进行对比分析。结果腹腔镜组中转开腹48例（5．3％,48／910）,其中36例（75．0％,36／48）系因肥胖或骨盆狭窄致手术操作及显露困难。腹腔镜组和开腹手术组术后并发症总发生率分别为20．3％（185／910）和25．3％（110／434）（X^2=4．316,P〈0．05）;造口亚组中吻合口瘘的发生率分别为2．1％（3／145）和2．2％（2／93）（X^2=0．002,P〉0．05）,吻合1：3出血的发生率分别为3．4％（5／145）和4．3％（4／93）（X^2=0．113,P〉0．05）,未造口亚组中吻合口瘘的发生率分别为3．1％（22／699）和1．0％（3／301）（X^2=3．993,P〈0．05）,吻合口出血的发生率分别为1．6％（11／699）和2．3％（7／301）（X^2=0．673,P〉0．05）;肠梗阻的发生率分别为3．4％（31／910）和5．8％（25／434）（X^2=4．077,P〈0．05）;乳糜漏的发生率分别为5．8％（53／910）和3．7％（16／434）（X^2=2．757,P〉0．05,）;尿潴留的发生率分别为1．5％（14／910）和1．6％（7／434）（X^2=0．011,P〉0．05）;切口感染的发生率分别为2．2％（20／910）和4．6％（20／434）（X^2=5．913,P〈0．05）;肺部感染的发生率分别为6．4％（58／910）和10．6％（46／434）（X^2=7．349,P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后总并发症的发生率显著低于开腹结直肠癌根治术,特别是前者术后肠梗阻、切VI感染与肺部感染发生率显著低于后者。     

POSSUM评分用于指导结直肠肿瘤围手术期治疗

目的探讨POSSUM评分对指导结直肠肿瘤患者围手术期监测及治疗的价值。方法将96例结直肠肿瘤病例分为两组,A组围手术期不评分,仅依据医师经验进行监测与治疗,对病历资料进行回顾性评分;B组在术后立即进行POSSUM评分并指导治疗。以χ2检验比较二组术后并发症和死亡率,同时比较所有病例实际并发症、死亡率与评分预测值间的差异。结果所有病例并发症率(34%∶31%,χ2=7.16,P=0.38)和死亡率(11%∶6%,χ2=3.06,P=0.31)评分预测值与实际值差异无统计学意义;而B组术后并发症率(20%)少于A组(40%),二者差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.41,P=0.036)。结论POSSUM评分能较好地预示结直肠肿瘤手术后并发症和死亡的发生,在其预警下做好围手术期治疗,有助于减少术后并发症。     

Comparison of thrombotic biomarkers in surgical patients undergoing open or laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal carcinoma

Aim-Background

Though there is evidence to suggest the benefit of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer, the potentially less thrombogenic effect of the method compared to open surgery has not been investigated. The objective of the study was to compare thrombogenic factors in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma subjected to open or laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

During 2010, forty-nine consecutive patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, who had been referred to a university hospital, were included in a prospective study to undergo either open (Group A-OP, n=26) or laparoscopic (Group B — LS, n=23) resection. Outcome measures included the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and D-dimer values at baseline and 1 and 10 days postoperatively.

Results

ETP values changed significantly in time (p<0.001). Although overall treatment effect was not significant (p=0.45), the interaction between treatment and time was significant (p=0.002). With regard to D-dimer values, significant changes are detected at 24h (p=0.005) and 10d (p<0.001). Overall, the treatment effect on D-dimer is significant (p<0.001), with the open group values being higher than those of the laparoscopic group. The interaction between treatment and time is significant (p=0.001). At 24h, the D-dimer increase for OP patients is significantly higher than the respective D-dimer change for LS patients (p<0.001). At 10d, the D-dimer decrease for the OP group is significantly different from the D-dimer change in the LS group (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The surgical method does not influence ETP values; however, values are significantly differentiated between groups. D-dimer values are significantly raised after open surgery. Open surgery may carry the risk of bleeding in the very early postoperative period, most likely due to the consumption of coagulation factors. The introduction of ETP measurement in surgical patients may prove to be a valuable tool in the future in individualizing thromboprophylaxis postoperatively.     

Comparison of laparoscopic and open colorectal resections for patients undergoing simultaneous R0 resection for liver metastases

Background  

The role of laparoscopic colorectal resection for patients undergoing a simultaneous operation for liver metastases had not been established. This study compared the outcomes between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections for patients undergoing simultaneous surgery for liver metastases.