肝脏增强CT与肝脏MRI在诊断肝癌准确率方面的比较分析

目的探究肝癌诊断中应用肝脏增强CT以及肝脏MRI诊断的价值。方法选取肝癌患者50例为此次研究对象,时间选取为2016年2月～2018年2月,其均接受肝脏增强CT检查以及肝脏MRI检查,对2种检查方法检查的结果进行观察分析。结果肝癌患者,经MRI检查,其肝内病灶的检出数以及阳性率均明显高于CT检查的结果(P 0. 05)。CT与MRI对于肝外病灶以及阳性率的检出情况相比,差异较小(P 0. 05);肝癌患者经MRI检查,其对于直径≤3cm的病灶检出率(96. 67%)明显高于CT的检出率(66. 67%),P 0. 05;肝癌患者经MRI检查的诊断准确率(92. 00%)明显高于CT检查的准确率(74. 00%),P 0. 05。结论肝脏增强CT以及MRI在肝癌诊断中应用,均具有一定的价值,其中MRI与增强CT相比,其诊断的准确率更高。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的DSA和MRI诊断

目的评估DSA和MRI对肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经病理证实的FNH的DSA和MRI影像资料,DSA检查为选择性肝动脉造影,MRI检查为平扫后动态增强扫描。结果 DSA显示病灶富血供性,供血动脉增粗、迂曲,进入病灶后的供血动脉分支向周围呈放射状分布,病灶染色均匀,边界清楚;6例见肝静脉引流。MRI动态增强扫描显示病灶于动脉期呈显著强化,持续至延迟期仍高于或等于肝实质;3例病灶中央显示瘢痕组织信号,于门脉期开始强化并持续至延迟期。结论 FNH的DSA特征为供血动脉分支进入病灶后呈辐射状向周围分布,且常见肝静脉引流,MRI动态增强扫描能敏感显示其病灶中央的瘢痕组织信号,两者结合检查能提高其诊断的准确性。     

MSCT和MRI对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

目的：探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析11例FNH患者的影像学表现。所有患者均行16层螺旋CT及MRI平扫和动态增强扫描检查。结果：CT平扫显示病灶均呈稍低密度灶,1例在脂肪肝背景下呈相对高密度。增强扫描动脉期示病灶均呈明显均匀强化,2例可见扭曲扩张的供血动脉,8例病灶中央可见瘢痕区无明显强化;门静脉期及延时期示病灶稍高于、等于或低于周围肝实质,中心瘢痕灶延时期强化。MRI检查示病变呈等信号或稍低T1信号及稍高T2信号,增强扫描动脉期示病灶明显强化,门脉期和延时期呈稍高信号或等信号,11例显示病灶中央疤痕呈延迟强化。1例行MRS检查提示Cho峰明显升高。4例行DWI检查,病灶呈等信号或稍高信号,ADC图上呈等信号或稍低信号。结论：MRI较CT能更全面地显示FNH的病理特征,DWI和MRS检查有重要辅助诊断价值。     

恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤MRI表现

目的:探讨恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤的MRI表现,提高该病的诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤患者.所有患者均行MRI平扫及三期动态增强检查.结果:5例患者中肿瘤多发1例,表现为2个结节样病灶,其余4例均为单发.MRI检查5例患者,T1WI病灶表现为边界清楚的不均匀低信号块状影.T2WI病灶呈混杂高信号,中心可见更高信号区,增强后动脉期病灶边缘不均匀轻度强化,病灶中心可见不规则无强化低信号区,门脉期及延迟期病灶边缘仍继续强化,病灶中心低信号区始终无强化.结论:平扫及动态增强MRI能在一定程度上反映恶性肝脏血管外皮细胞瘤的影像学特点,提高了该病的诊断准确率.     

肝脏炎性病变与肝脏乏血供肿瘤的CT和磁共振成像诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 探讨肝脏炎性病变与乏血供肿瘤的CT和磁共振成像(MRI)诊断及鉴别诊断,为临床诊断及治疗提供影像参考.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年4月的20例肝脏炎性病变及20例乏血供肿瘤患者的CT和MRI的平扫及增强后动脉期、静脉期及延迟扫描的影像表现.结果 肝脓肿10例,呈双环征;不典型肝脓肿5例,多发单环强化...     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现特征

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HEA)的CT、MRI表现特征,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例肝脏HEA患者的CT、MRI资料,其中4例接受CT平扫+增强扫描,2例接受MRI平扫+增强扫描,2例接受CT、MRI平扫+增强扫描.结果 8例患者中,7例为女性,均为单发病灶,病灶最大径42～68 mm,边界均清楚.6例CT表现稍低密度,其中1例可见脂肪密度,2例片状低密度囊变区.4例病灶MRI表现为T1 WI呈稍低信号,1例在反相位可见信号减低,T2 WI呈稍高、高信号.8例增强扫描,7例动脉期明显不均匀强化,5例呈"快进慢出",2例呈"快进快出",1例呈"延迟强化".6例增强扫描见"中心血管征",2例见不完整假包膜.结论 HEA影像表现具有一定特征,动脉期明显不均匀强化、中心血管征、"快进慢出"强化方式及无假包膜表现有助于提示诊断,其确诊仍有赖于组织病理学及免疫组化检查.     

三维多期动态增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变中的诊断价值

目的:评价Propeller LAVA序列三维容积多期动态增强MRI检查对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析83例行Propeller LAVA序列三维容积多期动态增强MRI检查的肝脏局灶性病变的血供特点、强化表现,从而推断其组织学特点,并与最终病理诊断或临床诊断相比较.结果:有1例患者图像质量不能满足诊断要求而未能纳入本研究.余82例患者共检出富血供病变65例,包括肝细胞癌31例,肝血管瘤29例,局灶结节增生4例,肾癌肝转移瘤1例.低血供病变17例,其中结节型肝细胞癌2例,肝转移瘤10例,肝内胆管细胞癌3例,炎性假瘤2例.富血供病变在肝动脉期明显强化,除4例局灶结节增生在门静脉期和延迟期与邻近肝实质信号强度近似外,余61例富血供结节在门静脉期和延迟期均表现为明显的低信号强度;低血供病变在肝动脉期强化不显著,除1例炎性假瘤在延迟期与邻近肝实质信号相等外,余16例低血供病变在门静脉期和延迟期均低于邻近肝实质信号强度.结论:Propeller LAVA序列动态增强MRI检查能够准确显示肝脏局灶性病变的血供特点,清晰显示病变的形态、边缘及强化表现,从而准确判定其组织学性质.     

肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤组织学分型与CT、MRI对比分析(附19例报告)

目的 探讨肝脏炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(HIMT)CT、MRI特征与病理改变的关系,提高对其的诊断准确率.资料与方法 经手术及病理证实的HIMT患者19例,其中男12例,女7例,年龄27～79岁,平均46.7岁.18例行CT平扫及增强扫描;1例仅行CT平扫,7例同时行CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 19例中15例为单发病灶,4例多发,共26个病灶,位于肝左叶4个,肝右叶22个.组织学分型包括黄色肉芽肿型15例:CT平扫低密度12例,等密度3例;14例增强扫描,动脉期1例明显强化,门静脉期轻度强化10例,平衡期轻度强化4例.4例行MRI检查,T1WI呈等信号1例,低信号3例,T2WI均为高信号.增强扫描4例动脉期均无强化,门静脉期或平衡期轻度强化.浆细胞肉芽肿型3例:CT平扫呈稍低密度2例,等密度1例.增强扫描动脉期均无强化,门静脉期或平衡期轻度强化;行MRI检查2例,增强扫描呈壁结节强化.硬化型1例:CT平扫为等、低混杂密度影,增强扫描动脉期无强化,门静脉期呈均匀强化,平衡期病灶密度减低.MRI平扫T1WI为等信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描动脉期无强化,门静脉期轻度强化,延迟期强化明显.26个病灶中4个有假包膜.结论 CT及MRI平扫及增强扫描能够反映HIMT组织学变化特点,但对不同类型病变的CT、MRI鉴别诊断仍比较困难.     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像学表现

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(Epi-HAML)的影像学表现,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断准确率. 方法 同顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例Epi-HAML的影像学及临床资料.其中4例行CT平扫和三期动态增强扫描,3例行MRI平扫和多时相动态增强扫描,1例行CT和MRI检查.结果 8例Epi-HAML中女7例,男1例.术前均误诊,其中4例术前误诊为肝癌,1例误诊为海绵状血管瘤,1例误诊为局灶性结节增生(FNH),2例误诊为腺瘤5例位于肝右叶,3例位于肝左叶.8例Epi-HAML均为单发,边界清楚.CT平扫呈稍低密度,2例密度均匀;2例病灶中间及边缘分别见局限性斑点及弧线样低密度影,CT值约-13 ～-17HU.MRI平扫T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号同反相位末见明显信号改变.增强扫描动脉期肿瘤呈不均匀或均匀明显强化.增强模式为“快进慢出”型5例、“快进快出”型3例.动脉期4例病灶可见“早期引流静脉”,2例在动脉期可见中心强化血管征 结论 Epi-HAML的影像学表现具有一定特征性,可与其他肝脏肿瘤相鉴别,但其诊断与鉴别仍主要依靠组织病理学及免疫组织化学检查.     

肝脏增强CT与MRI在检查肝癌临床价值分析

目的探讨肝脏增强CT与MRI在诊断肝癌准确率方面的差异。方法对收治58例肝癌患者采用肝脏增强CT和MRI检查,比较两种检查的准确率。结果 MRI对肝内病灶检出数量及肝内病灶阳性检出率91.38%均明显高于增强CT检查72.41%,且差异具有统计学意义。另外,对比两种检查方法对不同大小肿瘤的诊断结果发现MRI对不同肿瘤大小患者的诊断准确率93.10%,明显高于增强CT检查77.59%,且差异具有统计学意义。分析发现MRI尤其对直径≤3cm的肿瘤患者诊断准确率92.11%,明显高于增强CT检查71.05%,且差异具有统计学意义;而两种检查方法对直径3cm的肿瘤患者诊断准确率无明显差异。结论 MRI对肝癌的诊断准确率明显高于肝脏增强CT,尤其是针对直径≤3cm的肝癌患者具有更高的准确率,值得临床推广使用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.