“产学研合作”模式在护理实训教学中的应用与体会

正"产学研合作"教育是一种独特的教育模式。它充分利用学校、企业与科研院所等不同教学环境和教学资源以及在人才培养方面的优势,将单纯以课堂传授知识为主的传统教育模式,转换成学校教育与直接获取实践经验的生产、科研有机结合的教育形式,是培养创新能力的有效途径[1]。而创新教育是适应经济社会和国家发展战略需要而产生的一种教学理念与模式[2]。本研究是在"能力本位"的教育思想指导下,将"产学研合作"教育     

加快“产学研用”发展,创新高校教学科研发展新途径

2010年6月6日,《国家中长期人才发展规划纲要（2010～2020年）》正式发布,为我国的高等教育发展指明了方向,规划首次提出要创立高等学校与科研院所、行业企业联合培养人才的新机制,要求高校要加强基础研究、应用研究以及创新基地平台建设。针对科研领域当中的体制性障碍,提出了要促进高校、科研院所、企业的科技和教育的资源共享。并特别指出高校要进一步推进产学研用结合,加快科技成果转化,积极参加文化建设,参与决策咨询,充分发挥智囊团、     

做好科学基金申请及管理工作的实践与体会

科研院所科研管理水平是落实国家中长期科技发展规划和“十一五”科技规划的善键所在,本文收集收集基金申请、课题管理、学术交流、成果管理,科研管理人员的自身素质等方面的科研管理经验。结合工作实践从科研院所的管理实际出发,实事求是,把科研基金项目的申请与过程管理作为科研管理的一项重点工作。     

浅议加强高校档案工作的两个基本因素

高校档案主要是由本校全体师生员工在教学、科研和教学管理实践活动中直接形成的历史记录。它涉及到教育体制、教育思想、教学内容、教学方法、科研项目、科研成果、党的工作、学校管理和学校基本建设等各个方面。档案资料是发展教育工作,使教学、教改工作顺利进行不可缺少的重要资料。科学地、系统地分析、研究这些宝贵的资料,对于正确地总结经验教训,掌握教育工作规律,科学地进行决策,促进教学、科研和党政管理等工作深     

浅谈科学家与企业家合作对我国高等教育跨世纪发展的意义

我国正处在建立社会主义市场经济体制和实现现代化建设战略目标的关键时期,有必要努力改变教育与经济、科技相脱节的状况,促进教育和经济、科技的密切结合．高等教育应实施素质教育,要加强产学研结合,大力推进高等学校和产业界以及科研院所的合作,鼓励有条件的高等学校建立科技企业,企业在高校建立研究机构,高校则在企业建立实习基地,采用多种形式,使高校科研机构进入企业,提高高校科技成果转化率,加快实用科技成果向企业的转移,增强企业的技术创新能力,培养新的经济增长点．显然科学家与企业家合作也是高校和企业生存、发展的需要,因此,应该积极推进“科学家与企业家”向深度和广度发展．     

关于新形势下我校基层学术组织优化重组的思考

随着社会对高等教育人才培养、科技创新要求的发展和高校内部管理体制改革的深入,以及学校规模的不断扩大,学校从单学科院校向多学科院校,从以教学为主向教学研究型为主转型,我校以教研室为代表的、单一的基层学术组织已难以适应新形势发展的需要。结合高校基层学术组织发展的走向,优化重组、改革建设我校基层学术组织已势在必行。1高校基层学术组织发展的走向基层学术组织的改革与创新问题是当前高等教育理论和实践关注的热点。高校基层学术组织的发展出现如下走向:1.1以学科为基础构建基层学术组织。即教学和科研是由学科来划分,也由学科来联系。一方面,教学与科研既相对分工,又相互促进,使教学和科研在更高层次和更高水平上实现新的组合。另一方面,高校基层学术组织突破了教研室的模式,从相对狭窄的二级学科跨入到一级学科层次,有利于加强学科的交叉和融合,进一步强化了教学、科研及两者的有机结合。1.2组织重心下移,基层学术组织享有充分的自主权。高校作为知识密集型的组织,为有效激发成员的活力,鼓励成员自主地追求学术,适合“底部沉重”的组织运行机制。这样,基层学术组织在学科建设和教学、科研活动上享有充分的自主权,包括开设选修课、编写或选用教材、科研选题和组...     

利用实验室开辟高校教育第二课堂

高校第二课堂是学校教学计划所规定的教学活动之外的可以独立运行的育人平台,以全面提高学生综合素质为根本目的的教育活动,它所包含的学术文化活动、学科竞赛、科研训练、社会工作、技能培训和社会实践等内容,符合医学的新目的与医学生培养的新目标,是学生全面发展的需求所在。充分利用高校实验室资源优势开展第二课堂活动,给学生创造更多的自主学习与实践的时间和空间,这不仅与素质教育要求相一致,而且也成为培养学生实践能力和创新精     

高校教学与科研互动发展之理性思考

高等学校教学与科研的关系问题,长期以来是我国高校领导和教师力图解决和协调的关键问题。一所大学,它的教学与科研工作处于什么状态,对于它能否健康、持续发展至关重要。如何处理大学教学与科研的关系,怎样保证教学质量等成为业界亟待解决的理论和实际问题。因此,积极探索高校教学与科研相互融合、互动发展的有效途径,有利于促进学校的发展,对于从整体上提升高校的地位具有一定的现实意义。一、教学与科研的涵义及功能定位研究高等学校教学与科研的关系,首先要明确教学与科研的涵义。教学有广义和狭义之分:狭义的教学是指具体的教学实践活…     

高校学报编辑与信息网络化

高校学报是高等学校主办的、以反映本校科研和教学成果为主的学术理论刊物,是开展国内外学术交流的重要园地.高校学报是学校教学信息的窗口,学校科研工作的交流渠道.     

论大学生素质教育与高校图书馆的作用

高校素质教育就是要使学生的思想品德素质、业务素质、文化素质和身体心理素质得以全面提高。高校实施素质教育包括 :课堂教育、图书馆教育、实践教育 ,这 3方面是相互影响 ,共同作用 ,相互促进的关系 ,缺少那个环节都是不完整的。人才的培养和成长 ,必然要充分利用人类积累知识财富的高校图书馆。高校图书馆的根本任务 ,就是要根据教学和科研的需要 ,收集整理和提供各种文献资料 ,为广大师生服务。它是学校的文献情报中心 ,是为教学和科研服务的学术部门 ,具有教育和情报双重职能。所以 ,高校图书馆作为大学生的“第二课堂”在对学生进行全…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.