经胸超声心动图对无支架生物主动脉瓣功能特点的评估

目的　应用经胸超声心动图 (TTE)评估无支架生物主动脉瓣功能特点 ,指导临床术后心功能恢复用药 ,观察其远期效果。方法　随机对无支架生物主动脉瓣及有支架生物主动脉瓣置换术患者各 8例于术前及术后 4周进行超声心动图检查。结果　无支架组和有支架组患者术前TTE各项指标测值差异无显著性意义 ,术后的各项指标测值差异有显著性意义。两组的主动瓣跨瓣压差分别为 ( 2 .33± 0 .6 7)kPa和 ( 4 .40± 1.18)kPa( P =0 .0 5 ) ;左室舒张末期内径分别为 ( 4 3.6± 3.1)mm和 ( 5 0 .9± 9.4)mm ( P =0 .0 35 ) ;左室射血分数分别为( 6 7.3± 7.3) %和 ( 5 5 .4± 12 .6 ) % ( P =0 .0 3) ;瓣环内径分别为 ( 2 1.0± 1.9)mm和 ( 17.1± 1.8)mm ( P =0 .0 1)。结论　TTE显示无支架生物主动脉瓣较有支架生物主动脉瓣更符合人体半月瓣及血流动力学。     

经食管超声心动图诊断先天性主动脉瓣四叶式畸形1例

正患者女,63岁,平素身体状况可,高血压病史6年,因活动后心慌、胸闷突发加重入院。患者自诉6年前开始出现活动后心慌、胸闷,外院超声心动图检查示主动脉瓣关闭不全,未予系统治疗,后进行性加重。体格检查:收缩压147 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),舒张压50 mm Hg,心界向左下扩大,心率67次/min,律齐,心音有力,P2A2,主动脉瓣区可闻及隆隆样舒张期杂音,并向左腋下传导。心电图示ST-T改变。超声心动图检查:左室扩大;主动脉瓣重度反流;经食管超声心动图示主动脉瓣呈四叶畸形(图1)。后行主动脉瓣置换术,证实主动脉瓣呈四叶式,瓣尖局部钙化。术后病理可见部分区域瓣膜质硬,瓣膜组织内纤维组织增多并玻璃样变性及黏液样变性。患者术后     

超声心动图诊断主动脉瓣四瓣化畸形

目的观察超声心动图诊断主动脉瓣四瓣化畸形(QAV)的价值。方法纳入63例QAV患者,将其分为轻度主动脉瓣反流(AR)组(n=20)、中度AR组(n=35)及重度AR组(n=8);回顾性分析超声声像图及临床资料,观察临床因素及瓣膜超声征象对于QAV的诊断效能。结果经胸超声心动图(TTE)和/或经食管超声心动图(TEE)示QAV患者主动脉瓣存在4个瓣叶,各瓣叶大小可相等或有所不同;瓣膜形态多增厚、挛缩、卷曲或粘连;回声多增粗、增强,可伴钙化。舒张期主动脉瓣膜呈十字形关闭,伴不同程度AR,未见明显狭窄;收缩期等大型瓣膜呈方形或菱形开放,非等大型瓣膜则呈不规则形。重度AR组2例合并感染性心内膜炎,瓣膜回声异常更为明显,并见条索状或结节状赘生物、心室扩大及心包积液。不同瓣叶大小患者AR程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而不同年龄、高血压及瓣膜不同回声患者AR程度差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且年龄越大,AR程度越重(χ²=9.461,P=0.002)。结论超声心动图可显示QAV患者主动脉瓣瓣膜数目、形态、结构及开闭情况,评估心脏大小和功能,结合临床资...     

主动脉瓣病变瓣环几何构型的二维和三维经胸超声心动图研究

目的探讨实时三维经胸超声心动图(RT-3D-TTE)观察主动脉瓣病变患者瓣环几何构型的临床应用价值。方法选择主动脉瓣病变拟行主动脉瓣置换术的患者45例为病变组,年龄、性别相匹配的体检健康者40例为对照组。术前行二维经胸超声心动图(2D-TTE)和RT-3D-TTE测量主动脉瓣环径,术中应用外科测瓣器测量瓣环径。结果病变组2D-TTE、RT-3D-TTE矢状面、冠状面及手术中直径分别为(24.92±5.52)mm、(25.32±4.54)mm、(26.72±4.54)mm和(27.02±3.43)mm,2D-TTE直径小于RT-3D-TTE直径及手术中直径(P0.05)。2D-TTE、RT-3D-TTE直径与手术中直径之间均具有相关性,RT-3D-TTE冠状面直径相关性最佳(r为0.842)。两组冠状面直径大于矢状面直径(P0.05),病变组RT-3D-TTE冠状面直径大于对照组(P0.05)。结论主动脉瓣环近似椭圆形,冠状面直径较大。RT-3D-TTE测量的主动脉冠状面直径与手术中直径相关性最佳,对主动脉瓣置换术瓣膜大小的选择有参考意义。     

超声心动图对四叶式主动脉瓣的诊断价值

1资料与方法1.1研究对象2002年5月以来的4例四叶式主动脉瓣畸形中男2例,女2例。年龄4～59岁,平均19岁。1.2仪器与方法采用GEVividFive彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率1.8～5MHz。患者(儿)取平卧位或左侧卧位,常规左室长轴、心底大动脉短轴、心尖四腔心及五腔心切面扫查,发现主动脉瓣异常后重点采用胸骨旁心底大动脉短轴及主动脉长轴切面仔细观察主动脉瓣叶数目、形态、启闭、回声改变及血流动力学情况。2结果2结果4例中四叶式主动脉瓣呈“十”字形排列1例,2个瓣叶大小均等,另2个瓣叶大小不等(图1);呈“×”形排列3例,1例右下瓣较小,其他3…     

经胸超声与经食管超声测量主动脉瓣环内径的对比研究

目的 对比经胸超声(TTE)和经食管超声(TEE)在主动脉瓣环内径(AVAD)测量方面的差异.方法 入选我院就诊拟行经导管主动脉瓣置入术(TAVI)的钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄(CAS)患者10例.另外入选同期在我院就诊16例无主动脉瓣狭窄老年患者(>65岁)为对照组.所有患者均行TEE及TTE测量AVAD.结果 CAS组中,TTE测得的AVAD(AVAD-TTE)与TEE测得的AVAD(AVAD-TEE)有很强的相关性(r=0.89,P=0.0005),两者之间的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.88(P=0.002).与TEE比,TTE低估了AVAD值[(21.55±2.63)mm vs.(22.96±3.04) mm,P=0.01].有3例患者,AVAD-TTE比AVAD-TEE小3 mm或以上.对照组中,AVAD-TEE与AVAD-TTE有更强的相关性(r=0.94,P<0.0001),两者之间的ICC为0.93(P<0.0001).AVAD-TEE与AVAD-TTE无统计学差异[(21.21±2.85)mm vs.(21.52±2.75)mm,P=0.24].两者最大差值为2 mm,无病例差值≥3 mm.无论是在CAS组和对照组,TTE及TEE在测量AVAD时均具有良好的重复性,ICC均>0.95,最大差异不超过1.2 mm.结论 在CAS患者中,TTE相对于TEE而言易低估AVAD,尤其是在图像质量偏差的患者中.TTE在作为TAVI手术策略参考时尚不能替代TEE.     

实时三维经胸超声心动图评价二尖瓣脱垂

目的 探讨实时三维经胸超声心动图(RT3D TTE)评价二尖瓣脱垂的可行性。方法 采集36例二尖瓣脱垂患者的RT3D TTE图像,经过旋转及切割,明确瓣膜脱垂区域,并与手术结果对照。结果 RT3D TTE平均检查时间为(7.1±2.3)min,33例(91.67%)成像质量较好。RT3D TTE评价二尖瓣脱垂的敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为97.10%(67/69)、96.12%(124/129)、25.05、0.03,与手术结果的相关性较好(r=0.933,P<0.05),观察者间的一致性较好(Kappa＝0.97)。结论 RT3D TTE可快速、准确评价二尖瓣脱垂。     

Aortic valve morphology definition with transthoracic combined with transesophageal echocardiography in a population with high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve

Objective:To assess the utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with second harmonic combined with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in defining aortic valve morphology in a subset of patients with a high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve. Methods and Materials: Patients (n=174) with dilated aortic root were consecutively evaluated using, initially, TTE. The aortic valve structure was assigned as tricuspid, bicuspid or undefined. In those assigned as bicuspid or undefined, TEE was performed. Other factors that could affect valve morphology assignment were recorded and evaluated in multivariate analysis. Results: TTE was able to characterise 89% of the tricuspid valves and 56% of the bicuspid. Bicuspid structure was the only variable that, in the multivariate analysis, was related to the inability to definitively assign aortic valve morphology (OR=0.13). TEE was performed in 59 patients and the morphology was definitively assigned in 56 of them (95%). TEE diagnosed 15 bicuspid valves in addition to confirming the 17 identified by TTE. Overall, using TTE combined with TEE we were able to correctly assign valvular morphology in 98% of patients. Conclusion: In a subset of patients with a high prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve, combination of TTE and TEE should be considered to define aortic valve morphology. TEE identifies an important number of patients with BAV.     

Detection of prosthetic mitral valve leak: a comparative study using transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, and auscultation

Paravalvular leakage is a major complication of prosthetic valve dysfunction. Sixty-one subjects with valvular heart disease who had received prosthetic mitral valve replacement 5 months to 5 years before (43 received a porcine prosthesis and 18 received Bjork-Shiley valve prostheses) were evaluated for this complication. Careful auscultation was performed by two experienced cardiologists followed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Physiologic leaks were detected in all Bjork-Shiley valves, but in only 30% of porcine valves using transesophageal echocardiography. These regurgitant jets were flame-like, with mean low velocities of 50 +/- 12.3 cm/sec and 48 +/- 18.2 cm/sec in the two types of valves. Neither transthoracic echocardiography nor auscultation could detect physiological regurgitant jets. Ten cases with paravalvular leak were detected by transesophageal echocardiography and subsequently demonstrated by left ventriculography (7 porcine, 3 Bjork-Shiley valves). Pathologic regurgitant jets were seen as high-velocity, systolic-retrograde turbulent flow across the prosthesis. However, only 6 cases of prosthetic valve dysfunction were detected by transthoracic echocardiography, 4 cases of mild paravalvular leakage went undetected. Thirteen of the 61 subjects had an apical systolic murmur and suspected prosthetic valve leakage; in 10 of the 13 cases the findings corresponded to those obtained by transesophageal echocardiography. In 3 cases of double valve replacement with Bjork-Shiley valves the magnitude of the leakage was overestimated by auscultation.     

Asymptomatic long-segmental type A aortic dissection diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography: A case report and literature review

Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening disease. Patients usually experience severe pain in the chest, back, or abdomen, but some patients report a variety of other symptoms without pain. Completely asymptomatic AD is sporadic and probably under-recognized. The present study aimed to (a) report an extremely rare case of asymptomatic long-segmental type A AD, wherein exaggeratedly low diastolic blood pressure and broad pulse pressure were the primary signs, and (b) summarize the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic AD through the literature review.     

超声诊断先天性主动脉瓣四瓣化畸形1例

患者男,80岁,因"心前区不适,活动后加重"入院.超声心动图:主动脉根部增宽(31 mm),升主动脉近段增宽(39 mm),主动脉瓣舒张期时呈"口"字形(图1),关闭时呈"田"字形(图2),回声明显增强,开放受限,关闭时可见缝隙;肺动脉增宽,主干内径30 mm.     

基于超声心动图观察儿童单纯二叶式主动脉瓣

目的 基于超声心动图观察儿童单纯二叶式主动脉瓣(i-BAV)表现。方法 回顾性分析79例i-BAV患儿超声心动图,观察其i-BAV分型;根据有无瓣膜和/或主动脉受累分为并发症组(n=50)与无并发症组(n=29),比较组间超声心动图参数。结果 经体表面积(BSA)校正后,并发症组左心室收缩末期内径/BSA低于、而左心室心肌质量指数高于无并发症组(P均＜0.05)。79例中,Type 0型22例、以lat亚型最多见(18/22,81.82%),Type Ⅰ型57例、以L-R亚型最多见(39/57,68.42%)。并发症组以Type Ⅰ L-R亚型最多见(31/50,62.00%);瓣膜受累发生率为90.00%(45/50),以轻度主动脉瓣狭窄和/或关闭不全为主(37/45,82.22%);主动脉受累发生率为24.00%(12/50),均表现为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型主动脉增宽。结论 儿童i-BAV最常见分型为Type Ⅰ L-R亚型,以轻度瓣膜损害为主要并发症,可存在左心室心肌重构。     

Traumatic type B aortic dissection causing near total occlusion of aortic lumen and diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography: A case report.

A true dissection of the descending thoracic aorta resulting from blunt chest trauma is a relatively rare injury compared with aortic transsection and occurs mostly in the region of the aortic isthmus. It is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis. In this case, we report a patient with Stanford type B aortic dissection caused by decelerating trauma of the chest in a motor vehicle accident causing near total occlusion of the aortic lumen. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by aortography.     

床旁超声心动图对急性A型主动脉夹层的应用价值

【】 目的 探讨床旁超声心动图在急性A型主动脉夹层患者早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方 法 对2014年3月-2017年3月在我院手术治疗的A型主动脉夹层的患者72例进行回顾性总结分析,所有患者术前均行床旁经胸超声心动图检查。结果 72例患者中经床旁胸超声心动图检查51例患者发现升主动脉内典型撕裂漂浮内膜,6例患者高度可疑升主动脉内有撕裂内膜,15例患者未发现升主动脉内典型撕裂内膜,43例发现腹主动脉撕裂内膜漂浮。结论 床旁超声心动图检查对急性A型主动脉夹层的诊断有重要价值,可作为可疑急性主动脉夹层患者的首选检查,为临床提供重要依据。     

主动脉夹层经胸超声心动图漏诊及误诊原因分析

摘要：目的：探讨主动脉夹层超声表现及部分病例漏诊误诊原因。方法：收集经手术证实为主动脉夹层诊断的病例50例进行回顾分析。结果：手术证实升主动脉夹层36处,主动脉弓夹层29处,降主动脉夹层43处。超声心动图对降主动脉病变漏诊16处,对主动脉弓病变漏诊9处,对升主动脉处病变漏诊1处。漏诊导致对主动脉夹层Debakey分型错误,I型夹层误诊16例,II型夹层误诊0例,III型夹层误诊1例。结论：主动脉夹层漏诊数量由高至低依次为降主动脉、主动脉弓、升主动脉,漏诊及误诊与超声医师因素、超声图像及设备因素密切相关。     

经胸超声心动图在主动脉夹层动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

<正>主动脉夹层是常见的急重症之一,病情多危急、进展迅速、死亡率高。目前诊断主动脉夹层的主要方法是螺旋CT血管重建技术、经食道超声技术以及MRI技术,这三种方法诊断可靠性相似[1]。但目前国内,特别是部分基层医疗单位尚不具备诊断     

实时三维经胸超声心动图评价主动脉瓣狭窄的价值

目的 评价实时三维经胸超声心动图(3D-TTE)测量主动脉瓣面积以评估主动脉瓣狭窄的价值.方法 22例主动脉瓣狭窄患者,3D-TTE测量其主动脉瓣瓣口面积(3D-AVA).以心导管法获得的主动脉瓣瓣口面积(Cath-AVA)作为金标准,连续方程计算主动脉瓣瓣口面积(Cont-AVA),计算多普勒测量的跨瓣最大血流速度(Vmax)和最大跨瓣压差(Pgmax)、平均跨瓣压差(Pgmean)、Cont-AVA、3D-AVA与Cath-AVA 相互间的相关性.结果 3D-AVA、Cont-AVA、Vmax、Pgmax、Pgmean与Cath-AVA的相关系数分别为0.93,0.76,0.61,0.54,0.57;Cont-AVA与Cath-AVA相关系数均为0.76.结论 3D-AVA能准确评价主动脉瓣狭窄,与Cont-AVA和Cath-AVA检查结果无差异.