芳酰胺类及呋喃丙酰胺类化合物对白纹伊蚊刺叮行为的影响

用动物试验和人体试验方法研究了多种化合物对白纹伊蚊刺叮行为的影响，比较了不同化合物完全阻止蚊虫刺叮（驱避）的时间，化合物ＡｒＡ３的驱蚊时间最长，而且对淡色库蚊的驱避时间明显长于白纹伊蚊，测定了白纹伊蚊对一些化合物的５０％反应剂量（ＲＤ５０），在所试６种化合物中ＡｒＡ３的ＲＤ５０值最小，明显小于标准驱避剂ＤＥＥＴ。试验还表明气流可改变化合物的驱避作用，随着气流速度增加，加速化合物的挥发，因而降低了驱     

抗细菌脂多糖核心糖脂域单克隆抗体在实验性菌血症中的保护作用

以小鼠菌血症模型对抗核心糖脂域ＭｃＡｂ（ＥＬ１、ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４）的免疫保护的效果进行了研究。结果表明，（１）３株ＭｃＡｂ能显著提高受Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ攻击小鼠的存活率（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４还分别有降低３ＬＤ５０绿脓杆菌和５ＬＤ５０鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染小鼠病死率的作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）ＥＬ３与３Ｈ４对受５ＬＤ５０Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和１０ＬＤ５０绿脓杆菌攻击小鼠有一定的协同保护作用；（４）在ＥＬ１预防性保护试验中发现，提前４周注入ＥＬ１，并于攻菌前１周加强一次，ＥＬ１可明显提高５ＬＤ５０Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪ５株攻击小鼠的存活率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４对细菌感染小鼠具有一定的交叉保护作用。     

抗细菌脂多糖核心糖脂域单克隆抗体在实验性菌血症中的保护作用

以小鼠菌血症模型对抗核心糖脂域ＭｃＡｂ（ＥＬ１、ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４）的免疫保护的效果进行了研究，结果表明，（１）３株ＭｃＡｂ能显著提高受Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ攻击小鼠的存活率（Ｐ〈０．０５）；（２）ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４还分别有降低３ＬＤ５０绿脓杆菌和５ＬＤ５０鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染小鼠病死率的作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）；（３）ＥＬ３和３Ｈ４对受５ＬＤ５０Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和１０ＬＤ５０绿脓杆菌攻小鼠有一定的协同保护作用；（４）在ＥＬ     

硫酸铜溶液应用于白纹伊蚊幼虫控制的研究

高浓度的硫酸铜溶液对卵粒的孵化产生了显著的影响;在1、10 和100 mg/L硫酸铜溶液中,白纹伊蚊卵粒孵化率与自来水对照有显著差异;而在0.5 mg/L硫酸铜溶液中,孵化率差异不显著.高浓度的硫酸铜溶液对白纹伊蚊幼虫发育具有明显的抑制作用;1、10和100 mg/L的硫酸铜溶液对Ⅰ～Ⅱ龄白纹伊蚊幼虫有强烈的致死作用,蚊幼虫24 h后死亡率为100%.高浓度的硫酸铜溶液对白纹伊蚊孕蚊产卵具有明显的驱避作用,然而绊根草浸液可以减弱此驱避作用.在现场试验中发现：放置一周后,所有盛有自来水的容器内全部孳生有白纹伊蚊幼虫或蛹,而在100 mg/L硫酸铜溶液的容器中,前7周几乎未发现蚊幼虫或蛹的孳生,自第7周始,孳生蚊幼虫的阳性桶数才不断增加.硫酸铜溶液可以应用于白纹伊蚊幼虫的控制.     

环孢霉素A对大鼠单个核细胞雄激素和雌激素受体的影响及意义

研究了环孢霉素Ａ（ＣａＡ）、环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）及甲基强的松龙（ＭＰ）对大鼠单个核细胞（ＭＮＬ）雄激素受体（ＡＲ）及雌激素受体（ＥＲ）的影响。结果表明：静注ＣｓＡ２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ＥＲ明显降低，３ｈ作用达高峰，持续低水平达８ｈ；而ＡＲ无明显影响。静注ＣａＡ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ用ＣＴＡ和ＭＰ使ＡＲ、ＥＲ均明显降低。而ＣＴＸ和ＭＰ使ＥＲ降低，也使ＡＲ降低，故ＣｓＡ免疫抑制作用优于ＣＴＸ和ＭＰ。     

拮抗内皮素生物学效应对甘油所致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭的影响

目的和方法：在甘油致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）模型上,观察外源内皮素（ＥＴ）以及心房钠尿肽（ＡＮＰ）、硝苯吡碇（Ｎｉｆ）和ＮＯ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）的作用。结果：甘油致大鼠ＡＲＦ后２４ｈ,肾功能明显受损,血清尿素氮（ＳＵＮ）,肌酐（Ｓｃｒ）,丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）,肾皮质钙含量及血浆内皮素（ＰＥＴ）水平均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０００１）。外源性ＥＴ可加重ＡＲＦ大鼠肾损伤,使ＳＵＮ、Ｓｃｒ、ＭＤＡ、ＰＥＴ及肾皮质钙含量显著增加,而ＡＮＰ、Ｎｉｆ和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ则使ＡＲＦ大鼠ＳＵＮ、Ｓｃｒ、ＭＤＡ、ＰＥＴ及肾皮质钙含量明显降低,肾组织ｃＧＭＰ含量增加,减轻肾小管损伤。结论：ＥＴ对ＡＲＦ的发生发展具有重要意义,ＡＮＰ、Ｎｉｆ和Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可通过不同途径拮抗ＥＴ的生物学效应,从而对ＡＲＦ的防治起到积极的作用。     

中年自发性高血压大鼠主动脉α1肾上腺素受体亚型的改变

目的：研究１２月龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠与同龄自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）主动脉α１肾上腺。素受体（α１－ａｄｒｅｎｏｃｅｐｔｏｒ，α１－ＡＲ）亚型的分布。方法：采用离体灌流血管收缩功能实验和逆转录－多聚酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法，结果：ＳＨＲ与同龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，ＢＭＹ７３７８拮抗去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）缩血管效应的ｐＡ２值显著增大，ｓｅｒｔｉｎｄｏｌｅ的ｐＡ２值显著减小，而ＷＢ４１０１的ｐＡ２值无显著变化。ＣＥＣ预处理引起ＮＥ累积浓度－收缩效应曲线右移的作用显著增大。主动脉α１－ＡＲ３种亚型的ｍＲＮＡ稳态水平无明显改变。提示１２月龄ＳＨＲ主动脉中介导ＮＥ缩血管效应的α１－ＡＲ由对照组的α１Ａ－ＡＲ与α１Ｄ－ＡＲ亚型变为以α１Ｄ－ＡＲ亚型为主，这种改变不发生在ｍＲＮＡ表达水平     

自发性高血压大鼠心脏α1肾上腺素受体及其亚型的改变

目的：观察４月龄自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）心脏α１肾上腺素受体（α１－ＡＲ）及其３种亚型分布与功能的改变。方法：采用离体左心房收缩功能实验和放射配体结合实验。结果：ＳＨＲ与Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比，（１）心脏α１－ＡＲ总密度无显著变化，但对去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）的敏感性显著增加（Ｐ＜００５）；（２）心脏α１Ａ－ＡＲ数量无明显改变，而α１Ｂ－ＡＲ增加，α１Ｄ－ＡＲ减少，但３种亚型受体在介导ＮＥ所致心肌正性变力效应中均无显著改变。结论：提示ＳＨＲ心脏α１－ＡＲ对ＮＥ敏感性的增加可能与受体后信号转导和／或兴奋收缩耦联的增强有关，其中尤以α１Ｄ－ＡＲ最为明显     

家族性热性惊厥与HLA—D区基因关联性的研究

为探讨家族性热性惊厥与ＨＬＡ－Ｄ区基因的关系，应用限制性片段长度多态性方法，对５０个简单型热性惊厥（ｆｅｂｒｉｌｅｃｏｎｖｕｌｓｉｏｎｓ，ＦＣ）患儿及家系成员进行了人类白细胞抗原（ＨＬＡ）ＤＲ、ＤＱ区等位基因分型，并以１０１例健康人做对照。结果显示，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ区各等位基因在ＦＣ患者及有ＦＣ史亲属组中的频率较健康对照组无明显增高；而ＨＬＡ－ＤＲβ９（ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１＊０９０１）及ＤＱβ３ａ（ＤＱＢ１＊０３０２－０３０３，０４０１－０４０２）等位基因的表型频率较健康对照组明显降低。家系中无ＦＣ史亲属组中ＨＬＡ各等位基因的分布与健康对照组无差异。结果提示，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ基因区域内未发现与ＦＣ易感性有关的等位基因型。作为健康人群中频率最高的等位基因型。ＨＬＡ－ＤＲβ９和ＤＱβ３ａ等位基因可能具有某种生物学优势，在抵抗ＦＣ发病中起一定作用。     

雌二醇、睾酮对健康男性外周血单核细胞HLA－DR、HLA－DQ抗原表达的影响

将分离的人单核细胞（Ｍ）在体外分别与雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）、睾酮（Ｔｅ）以及Ｅ＿２＋Ｔｅ共同温育２４小时后，观察Ｍ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ抗原的表达。结果表明，Ｅ＿２（７．３４×１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能显著抑制Ｍ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ抗原的表达，Ｔｅ（３．４７×１０￣（－１１）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则能促进Ｍ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ抗原的表达。Ｅ＿２、Ｔｅ一起作用（浓度分别同上）于Ｍ时，Ｍ表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＤＱ抗原表达无明显变化。     

白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性及其遗传方式

白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯有较快的抗性发展速度 ,抗药性倍数随选育世代的增加呈直线上升 ,经 13代选育 ,抗药性达 2 5 8倍。该蚊对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性不受亲本性别影响 ,是常染色体、多因子遗传。正交和反交的显性度分别为 0 5 0 45和 0 5 2 90 ,表明主要抗药性基因为不完全显性。     

贵州白纹伊蚊对登革病毒易感性的研究

目的 用细胞、分子生物学技术进行贵州省白纹伊蚊不同地理株对登革病毒(DEN)易感性的研究。方法 采集贵州省9个地(州)市共计15个县(区)白纹伊蚊幼虫标本，饲养为成蚊；取羽化后3～5日龄期的贵州不同地理株白纹伊蚊，用不同型别的DEN分别经口连续感染3d，于首次感染后的4、7、10、14d收集感染成蚊标本；制备蚊悬液，碘化钠法提取RNA，用DENNS1基因区通用引物经逆转录．聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测DEN核酸；蚊悬液接种C6／36细胞进行病毒分离，制作细胞抗原片，经间接免疫荧光法检测DEN抗原；同时感染白纹伊蚊海南株作为对照。结果 DEN1-4型国际参考株感染白纹伊蚊贵州省不同地方株，其感染比率分别为12／15、12／15、8／15和13／15。结论 白纹伊蚊贵州省不同地方株对DEN1-4型国际参考株普遍易感，表明贵州省具备引起登革热流行的条件。     

白纹伊蚊对高效氯氰菊酯和敌百虫的抗性发展趋势研究

白纹伊蚊幼虫对高效氯氰菊酯有较快的抗性发展速度 ,而成虫则抗性发展缓慢。该蚊幼虫对敌百虫的抗性发展速度显著慢于对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性发展速度。因此 ,在白纹伊蚊治理中 ,用敌百虫灭蚊幼 ,高效氯氰菊酯杀成虫将取得较好的防治效果 ,并能延缓白纹伊蚊对这两种杀虫剂抗性的发展。     

Comparison of larval foraging behavior of Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) invaded the United States in 1985 and spread rapidly across eastern North America, whereas Aedes japonicus (Theobald) invaded and became established in the United States more recently (1998). The two species may co-occur in container habitats, and they are of potential public health concern as arbovirus vectors. To evaluate ecological differences between Ae. albopictus and Ae.japonicus, we compared larval foraging behavior of these two species. Based on results from a previous competition experiment, we predicted that Ae. albopictus would be a more active forager than Ae. japonicus. However, Ae. japonicus exhibited greater foraging activity than Ae. albopictus in four of six food environments, including a "no food" control treatment. Our results, therefore, suggest that more active foraging does not connote superior competitive ability, and competitive interactions between these species may be mediated by factors other than feeding behavior.     

A study on distribution and seasonal abundance of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) population in Athens, Greece

In September 2008, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse 1894), a mosquito of great medical importance, was reported for the first time in a district of Athens, Greece. The following year, its distribution and population abundance over time around its first detection site was investigated. A network of 50 ovitraps was established in a surrounding area of 25 km2 and monitored for 17 mo from 17 August 2009 through 31 December 2010. Weekly servicing of the ovitraps and subsequent laboratory treatment of the collected mosquito eggs, revealed that Ae. albopictus is the dominant container breeding Aedes species and is widespread in the entire study area. The seasonal monitoring showed that this mosquito is continuously active from mid spring until the end of December with a considerably high oviposition activity recorded during summer and fall. Moreover, comparison of its activity during late August and end of December, between the two consecutive surveillance years, indicated a significant increase of population abundance the second year. The current study suggests the necessity of setting up in the city of Athens an integrated surveillance program in a greater scale for Asian tiger mosquito's effective control.     

三种蚊唾腺蛋白IgE亲和成分的初步分析

从我国分布较广的三种蚊中华按蚊、淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊中分离出唾液腺 ,制成唾腺蛋白粗提物 ,再应用ELISA、竞争抑制ELISA和免疫印迹试验分析其与IgE结合的组分。结果显示三种蚊唾腺蛋白含能与IgE结合的成分 ,以白纹伊蚊反应所呈现的A值最高 ;免疫印迹在三种蚊均显示 4条阳性带 ,中华按蚊和淡色库蚊相似 ,白纹伊蚊有 3条带差异 ,但其相对分子质量为 30 0 0 0～ 310 0 0组分阳性条带均出现于三种蚊唾腺蛋白     

Interspecific competition among Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae): larval development in mixed cultures

Interactions among the larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), Ae. albopictus (Skuse), and Ae. triseriatus (Say) were studied in trispecific and bispecific mixed populations under laboratory and field conditions. Competitive stress (as evidenced by the average time to first, 50, and 75% pupation and the total pupation periods for mixed populations of each species in comparison with their single species controls) was more pronounced in mixed cultures reared in glass jars in the laboratory than in tires under field conditions. In the laboratory, the larval development of Ae. aegypti reared together with Ae. albopictus or Ae. triseriatus, or both, larvae was accelerated significantly. Conversely, the time to pupation for Ae. albopictus and Ae. triseriatus was delayed when reared with Ae. aegypti. However, the average wing length of female Ae. albopictus and Ae. triseriatus was greater in the mixed cultures than in single species cultures. These data indicated that the effect of intraspecific competition was greater than interspecific competition. Adequate food and higher temperature appeared to promote rapid development and higher survival of the immature stages of the three Aedes species in tires placed in the field. In general, Ae. triseriatus larvae required a longer period for larval development and had greater larval mortality than either Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus. In mixed populations of Ae, albopictus and Ae. aegypti in the jars and food-rich tires, the periods needed to attain first, 50, and 75% cumulative pupation were not significantly different than in single species controls. We conclude that no clear-cut displacement occurred in mixed experimental populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.     

Ribosomal DNA structure in Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and their cell lines

The molecular organization of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit in laboratory colonies of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (L.) and in continuous cell lines derived from these species was examined using restriction enzyme mapping and Southern blotting techniques. In the rRNA coding regions, restriction enzyme sites were conserved in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. In particular, sites that had been mapped in rDNA cloned from the Mauritius strain of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were confirmed in cloned DNA from cultured Ae. alboptictus cells. The intergenic spacer region of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit in Ae. albopictus was longer than that in Ae. aegypti; contained multiple recognition sites for AluI, SstI, PvuI, and XhoI; and was more heterogeneous in DNA from cultured cells than in DNA from inbred laboratory mosquitoes. The rDNA copy number was 3- to 4-fold lower in cell lines from both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti than in the corresponding adult mosquitoes.     

A simple parafilm M-based method for blood-feeding Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

A simple device for blood-feeding Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. Parafilm M is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. The method has been used successfully to maintain Aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. In typical blood-feeding trials, 53 +/- 0.8% (+/-SE) of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and 31 +/- 6% of Ae. albopictus (Skuse) fed to repletion.