利用内皮祖细胞制备组织工程血管的实验研究

目的:观察内皮祖细胞（endothelial progen itor cells,EPCs）在去细胞血管段上的再内皮化效果,探讨其组织工程学应用前景。方法:采用贴壁选择法培养人外周血EPCs,VEGF扩增分化,流式细胞仪分析培养细胞CD34、VE-Cadherin的表达,D iI-ac-LDL吞噬试验、Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化及细胞形态观察证实培养细胞的内皮属性。采用球囊损伤法制备去内膜兔腹主动脉段,去内皮兔腹主动脉段体外培养3周使之去细胞,与人外周血EPCs共孵育制备再内皮化异种去细胞血管段。结果:体外成功培养出人外周血内皮祖细胞,EPCs与去细胞血管段共培育使之再内皮化,形成新内膜。结论:体外培养EPCs可制备再内皮化的异种去细胞血管段,提供了一种制备组织工程血管的新方法。     

脐血造血细胞中AC133抗原表达及其功能特征研究

目的 探讨AC133抗原在正常人造血细胞中表达的意义。方法 采用双色直接免疫荧光标记法,使用流式细胞仪测定脐血中造血细胞的免疫表型。通过祖细胞集落形成单位（CFC）和长期培养启动细胞（LTC-IC）的测定对脐血中AC133^ ,CD34^ 和AC133^-CD34^ 细胞的造血潜能进行了研究。结果 脐血单个核细胞（MNCs)中AC133^ 细胞比例为0.67%,AC133^ 细胞中93.4%表达CD34抗原,94.2%为PKH26阳性,虽然三群细胞产生的CFC总数差异无显著性。但AC133^ 细胞中50%以上为粒-单集落形成单位,CD34^ ,AC133^-CD34^ 细胞中60%和80%以上为红系集落形成单位,AC133^ 细胞产生的LTC-IC显著高于CD34^ 和AC133^-CD34^ 细胞。体外培养7d,AC133^ 细胞组细胞总数和CFC分别扩增28.2和7.1倍,6.8%细胞仍保持PKH26阳性。结论 脐血中早期造血干/祖细胞富集在AC133^ 细胞群中,AC133^ 细胞在体外具有较强的增殖能力,既能产生大量的早期定向祖细胞,又能保持一定数量的早期干/祖细胞,AC133抗原可作为临床分选造血干/祖细胞的有效标志。     

急性冠脉综合征患者内皮祖细胞及C反应蛋白的变化

目的:观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血中内皮祖细胞(EPCs)及C反应蛋白的变化。方法:入选40例ACS(不稳定型心绞痛18例、急性心肌梗死22例)患者与20例行冠状动脉造影术排除冠心病的正常人(正常对照组),取所有研究对象外周血100μl分别加入CD34-PE、AC133-异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)荧光抗体使与EPCs表面CD34、AC133抗原结合,通过流式细胞仪检测PE、FITC阳性细胞的数量。同时检测高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)浓度。结果:与正常对照组比较,不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死患者外周血中EPCs数量显著增多[(0.48±0.04)%比(0.84±0.31)%比(1.57±0.62)%,P<0.001],hsCRP浓度明显升高[(0.63±011)mg/L比(7.8±0.59)mg/L比(11.2±0.46)mg/L,P<0.001],且上述指标在急性心肌梗死组明显高于不稳定心绞痛组(P<0.001),所有患者外周血中EPCs数量与hsCRP浓度正相关(r=0.82,P<0.001)。结论:急性冠脉综合征患者外周血中内皮祖细胞数量显著增多,可能与炎症因子激活骨髓干细胞分化为内皮祖细胞,参与血管修复有关。     

基质细胞衍生因子1α介导小鼠内皮祖细胞修复损伤血管内膜

目的探讨损伤血管局部表达的基质细胞衍生因子1α是否能介导内皮祖细胞参与损伤血管的再内皮化,抑制新生内膜的增生。方法培养、获取小鼠骨髓源性内皮祖细胞,采用改良的Boyden小室测定基质细胞衍生因子1α诱导的内皮祖细胞迁移及AMD3100(CXCR4的拮抗剂)对其的影响。分别将内皮祖细胞培养基、内皮祖细胞及AMD3100孵育过的内皮祖细胞经心脏穿刺注射给颈动脉损伤小鼠,在14天后取损伤血管检测内皮祖细胞募集情况、再内皮化情况及新生内膜增生情况。结果基质细胞衍生因子1α能诱导内皮祖细胞迁移(与对照组比较P<0.01),AMD3100能有效阻断该作用(AMD3100组与对照组比较P>0.05)。较多注射的内皮祖细胞成功归巢到损伤血管处(14.2±3.6个/切片),AMD3100孵育过的内皮祖细胞仅少量可成功归巢(4.0±2.5个/切片);内皮祖细胞注射能加速损伤血管的再内皮化(内皮祖细胞移植组比对照组:83.45%±5.44%比66.46%±6.16%,P<0.01),AMD3100孵育过的内皮祖细胞注射则无效(68.02%±6.68%,与对照组比较P>0.05);内皮祖细胞移植组新生内膜增生厚度(19237±1875μm2)和内膜中膜比值(0.94±0.12)均小于对照组(34676±2412μm2和1.77±0.18)及AMD3100组(32451±2081μm2和1.60±0.17)(P<0.01)。结论基质细胞衍生因子1/CXCR-4在介导移植的内皮祖细胞修复损伤血管内膜中起重要作用。     

硫化氢对内皮祖细胞数量和功能的影响

目的：观察不同浓度的硫化氢（H2s）对体外培养内皮祖细胞（EPCs）数量和功能的影响。方法：以密度梯度离心法获取脐血单个核细胞,培养6d后收集贴壁细胞。用流式细胞仪检测细胞表达CD34、CD133、血管内皮生长因子受体（VEGFR）2、VE—Cadherin,并用荧光显微镜观察细胞吞噬Dil标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白（Dil-ac—LDL）和异硫氰酸荧光素-荆豆凝集素-1（FITC—UEA-1）来鉴定EPCs。以不同浓度的H2S（0、10μM、50μM、100μM或500μM）孵育EPCs（每天1h）,分别培养4d观察细胞集落及6dEPCs数量。结果：与正常对照组相比,H2S在一定浓度下（〈100μM）呈浓度依赖性促进EPCs增殖及细胞集落形成（P〈0．05）。结论：一定浓度的硫化氢可能通过抗氧化发挥对内皮祖细胞的影响。     

脐血外周血内皮祖细胞成内皮细胞的体外比较研究

目的:探讨人脐血、外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)体外分离、纯化、诱导扩增和分化为内皮细胞的可行性,并对两者分化成内皮细胞的能力进行比较。方法:新鲜脐血和健康成年人的外周血,Ficoll密度梯度离心法得单个核细胞,磁珠分选方法(MACS)分离脐血CD34 单个核细胞(MNCCD34 )。脐血单个核细胞(CBMC)、外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)和MNCCD34 在M-199培养基体外培养,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)诱导EPCs增殖和分化。采用细胞形态学观察比较细胞克隆形成率的区别,流式细胞仪检测不同来源的EPCs分化后CD31阳性细胞率。结果:MNCCD34 培养3 d后,细胞克隆形成率为(24.25±6.5)/(3×107)细胞;CBMC贴壁细胞培养3 d后,为(103.00±10.10)/(3×107)细胞;PBMC贴壁细胞培养3 d后,为(74.25±5.44)/(3×107)细胞。CBMC分化形成的贴壁细胞和细胞簇数目多于PBMC(P<0.05),但单个核细胞分化形成的克隆率均明显高于MNCCD34 细胞(均P<0.05)。细胞培养10 d后CD31阳性率为:CBMC为(76.24±16.54)%,PBMC为(82.2±9.0)%,MNCCD34 为(70.03±10.27)%,MNCCD34-仅为(36.5±11.78)%。结论:相似数目的细胞,CD34 细胞单独培养形成的贴壁细胞和细胞簇数目明显少于CBMC和PB-MC(均P<0.05)。培养10 d后CD31阳性细胞率则差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示不同来源的EPCs分化率无显著区别,主要来自CD34 细胞群。     

血管内皮祖细胞与老年缺血性心血管病的血管新生

<正> 1997年国内外报道血管内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitorcelhs,EPCs)分离培养成功,从而使:EPCs成为当前干细胞研究热潮中的一个分支。EPCs是一群具有游走性特征、能进一步增殖分化的幼稚内皮细胞,由干细胞经成血管细胞分化发育而来,由于缺乏成熟内皮细胞的特征性表型,因此,有人提出对于EPCs的鉴别分离主要靠其特异性的分子标志(CD34+、flk-1、AC133+);此外也可通过EPCs培养分化形     

人外周血内皮祖细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的:从人外周血中分离培养内皮祖细胞(EPCs),并探讨其体外诱导培养的条件。方法:密度梯度离心法分离正常人外周血单个核细胞,置于鼠尾胶原包被的培养瓶中进行体外培养,流式细胞术和免疫荧光法检测分化细胞表面特异性抗原标记物的表达。结果:人外周血单个核细胞在鼠尾胶原包被的培养瓶中培养后呈梭形,并表达内皮细胞的特异性抗原CD34和KDR,和干/祖细胞抗原CD133。提示这些培养细胞既具有内皮细胞的表面标志和功能,又具有祖细胞特性。结论:成功从外周血中培养出EPCs。鼠尾胶原可取代EPCs培养中常用的纤维连接蛋白,是体外分离培养外周血EPCs的更节省的一种方法。     

人外周血内皮祖细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的从人外周血中分离培养内皮祖细胞(EPCs),并探讨其体外诱导培养的条件.方法密度梯度离心法分离正常人外周血单个核细胞,置于鼠尾胶原包被的培养瓶中进行体外培养,流式细胞术和免疫荧光法检测分化细胞表面特异性抗原标记物的表达.结果人外周血单个核细胞在鼠尾胶原包被的培养瓶中培养后呈梭形,并表达内皮细胞的特异性抗原CD34和KDR,和干/祖细胞抗原CD133.提示这些培养细胞既具有内皮细胞的表面标志和功能,又具有祖细胞特性.结论成功从外周血中培养出EPCs.鼠尾胶原可取代EPCs培养中常用的纤维连接蛋白,是体外分离培养外周血EPCs的更节省的一种方法.     

内皮祖细胞的功能及应用研究进展

内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs),主要生成和存在于骨髓中,是一类干细胞和血管内皮细胞(ECs)之间具有游走特性的能够自我更新和增殖分化的定向干细胞.未分化的EPCs呈圆形,已分化的EPCs呈梭形或纺锤形.未分化的EPCs在形态上很难与其它细胞区分开来,目前主要依靠细胞表面标志来区别,多数学者认为同时具有CD34+、AC133+及VEGFR-2(血管内皮生长因子受体2)等表面抗原的称为EPCs[1].新近研究表明,起源于脐血单核细胞的CD34+/CD14-,或CD34-/CD14+的细胞,也可分化为ECs[2].近年来的研究表明eNOS(内皮型一氧化氮合酶),也是它的特征之一[3].上个世纪末,随着对EPCs诱导[4]、培养、鉴定、分化、迁移及归巢研究的广泛开展,有关EPCs应用的报道越来越多,呈现出从基础到临床蓬勃发展的形势,为血管外科治疗难治性血管病提供了新的理论基础和思路,本文就这一时期EPCs的功能及应用方面的研究进展作一总结.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.