丹皮酚联合甲氨蝶呤对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用

目的：研究丹皮酚联合甲爨蝶呤对佐剂性关节炎（从）大鼠的治疗作用。方法：弗氏完全佐剂免疫诱导大鼠AA,随机分为正常组,模型组,丹皮酚（200mg／kg,ig）组,甲氨蝶呤（0．75mg／kg,ig）组和丹皮酚联合甲氨蝶呤（200mg±0．75mg／kg,ig）组。给药后对AA大鼠做整体观察,足爪肿胀度和关节炎指数评分测定,血清中TNF-α IL-1β水平测定。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠足爪肿胀度和关节炎指数评分明显升高,血清中TNF-α和 IL-1β水平显著升高;联合给药组相较于单独给药组,明显抑制大鼠足爪肿胀度和关节炎指数评分,降低血清中TNF-α 和 IL-1β 水平。结论：丹皮酚联合甲氨蝶呤显著改善AA大鼠多发性关节炎病变症状,降低血清中TNF-α和IL-1β 水平,提示丹皮酚联合甲氨蝶吟可能时娄风湿关节炎具有治疗作用．     

两种川贝复方制剂抗炎作用及其机制研究

目的 探究川贝复方制剂的抗炎作用及机制。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分成模型组、阳性组(12ml/kg·bw)、川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ低、高剂量组(2.5 ml/kg·bw、7.5 ml/kg·bw),川贝复方制剂配方Ⅱ低、高剂量组(3.3 ml/kg·bw、9.9 ml/kg·bw)。应用皮下注射Dextran T-40致大鼠足肿胀模型和棉球致大鼠肉芽肿模型,观察川贝复方制剂的抗炎作用。测定足肿胀大鼠血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,以及肿足渗出物中的丙二醛(MDA)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平;测定肉芽肿大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平。结果 川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ对大鼠足肿胀和肉芽肿均有抑制作用(P<0.05),但二者的抗炎作用无差异(P>0.05)。两种配方均能降低足肿胀大鼠血清中NO(P<0.05)、肿足炎性渗出物中MDA(P<0.05)和PGE2(P<0.05)含量,提高SOD活性(P<0.05),并能降低肉芽肿大鼠血清中IL-1β(P<0.05)及TNF-α(P<0.05)水平。结论 川贝复方制剂配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ对大鼠炎症均有防治作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症介质产生和抗氧化作用有关。     

吉林人参低聚肽减轻大鼠慢性炎症作用

目的探讨吉林人参低聚肽减轻大鼠慢性炎症作用及机制。方法将大鼠随机分为5组,分别为对照组和62.5、125.0、250.0、500.0 mg/kg人参组,分别灌胃给予蒸馏水和相应浓度的吉林人参低聚肽,每天1次,连续30 d。采用棉球植入法计算棉球肉芽肿净重量、酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-10、一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平。结果与对照组比较[(0.248±0.038)g],250.0 mg/kg人参组大鼠肉芽肿净重量[(0.162±0.047)g]下降(P0.05),呈一定剂量效应关系;对照组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2水平及NO含量分别为(309.9±16.1)、(46.2±2.6)、(30.4±3.1)、(354.2±10.2)ng/L与(36.2±3.1)μmol/L,250.0 mg/kg人参组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-10、PGE2水平及NO含量分别为(202.4±17.3)、(21.4±2.4)、(68.4±3.9)、(438.6±16.3)ng/L与(31.5±2.5)μmol/L;与对照组比较,250.0mg/kg人参组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β与NO水平下降,IL-10、PGE2水平升高(P0.05)。结论吉林人参低聚肽能够减轻大鼠慢性炎症反应,其机制可能与其降低促炎因子水平、升高抗炎因子水平有关。     

金钱草对高脂血症模型大鼠脂代谢及相关炎性因子的影响

目的探讨金钱草对高脂血症模型大鼠脂代谢及相关炎性因子的影响。方法48只大鼠适应性喂养1 w后,随机抽取8只为正常对照组,普通饲料喂养;其余40只大鼠用高脂饲料继续喂养4 w建立高脂血症模型。高脂血症模型大鼠随机分为:模型组,血脂康组(0.15 g/kg血脂康胶囊)及金钱草低、中、高剂量组(6、12、24 g/kg的金钱草水煮液),每组8只。各治疗给予相应剂量的药物灌胃,1次/d,连续4 w,末次给药后,腹主动脉采血,测定血脂指标和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白在各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。模型组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白明显高于正常对照组,高密度脂蛋白明显低于正常对照组;血脂康组以及金钱草组12 g/kg组、24 g/kg组的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白明显高于模型组,高密度脂蛋白明显低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IL-6、TNF-α水平在各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。模型组IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显高于正常对照组;血脂康组以及金钱草12 g/kg组、24g/kg组的IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论金钱草能够有效改善高脂血症模型大鼠的脂代谢和IL-6、TNF-α水平,有利于动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定。     

牛磺胆酸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中IgG、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的研究牛磺胆酸对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中IgG、细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响,进一步探讨该药物的作用机制。方法用Freund′s完全佐剂复制佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型,观察牛磺胆酸对大鼠足肿胀的作用;检测药物对大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量的影响。结果与模型组比较,牛磺胆酸促进佐剂性关节炎大鼠足肿胀,显著提高IgG、IL-1β、IL-6的含量,而对TNF-α含量则无影响。同时对免疫器官胸腺和脾脏的重量无影响。结论牛磺胆酸可增强佐剂性关节炎大鼠的免疫功能,对细胞因子的生成有调节作用。     

苗药飞龙掌血醇提物对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠Foxp3+CD4+CD25+调节T细胞和血清因子影响的研究

目的:探讨苗药飞龙掌血醇提物对佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠Foxp3+CD4+CD25+调节T细胞和血清IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2的影响。方法:将140只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、西药组、中药组和飞龙掌血醇提物低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。除正常组外,其余6组大鼠均制作佐剂性关节炎模型,第14天后,各组给予相应的药物灌胃,2次/d,连续给药14d。检测各组大鼠足趾肿胀度、关节炎指数,血清IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2含量和Foxp3+CD4+CD25+调节T细胞百分数。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠给药前后原发性、继发性足趾肿胀度及关节炎指数升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与给药前比较,西药组、中药组、飞龙掌血醇提物低、中、高剂量组大鼠给药后原发性、继发性足趾肿胀度及关节炎指数降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组比较,西药组、中药组、飞龙掌血醇提物低、中、高剂量组大鼠给药后原发性、继发性足趾肿胀度及关节炎指数降低,血清IL-6、TNF-α、PGE2含量降低,Foxp3+CD4+CD25+调节T细胞百分数升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:飞龙掌血醇提物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠具有抗炎的作用,其机制可能与升高调节T细胞水平有关。     

香椿叶水提物对小鼠炎症抑制作用

目的研究香椿叶水提物抗炎作用机制。方法观察香椿叶水提物对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀、角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀、炎症组织和血清中前列腺素E2(PGE2)、一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响。结果0.5,1.5 g/kg香椿叶水提物灌胃给药能明显抑制对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀,抑制率分别为33.85%和46.98%;对照组大鼠注射角叉菜胶2,4 h后,足跖肿胀度为(0.68±0.19),(1.12±0.10)mL,6 h时开始恢复;对角叉菜胶所致正常大鼠足肿胀,香椿叶水提物高、低剂量组注射3和2 h后与对照组比较可明显抑制;低、高剂量香椿叶水提物可降低肿胀足爪组织中NO及PG E2含量;低剂量香椿叶水提物可降低血清中NO含量。结论香椿叶水提物可能通过影响炎症介质释放和减少NO的生成而起到抑制角叉菜胶性大鼠足肿胀作用。     

钙通道阻滞剂对炎症因子平衡的影响及肝保护作用

目的:观察内毒素(LPS)刺激后大鼠肝致炎/抗炎细胞因子的表达,及钙通道阻滞剂(维拉帕米)在内毒素诱导的肝急性反应中对炎症因子的调控作用.方法:将24只SD大鼠随机分为A(对照)组、B(LPS)组和C(维拉帕米)组.B和C组分别给予等渗盐水和10 mg/kg维拉帕米,腹腔注射30 min后,给予10 mg/kg内毒素腹腔注射,60 min后,取大鼠肝匀浆和外周血.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定肝组织以及血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素10(IL-10).结果:内毒素可诱导大鼠肝和外周血中TNF-α和IL-6的高表达(P＜0.01),而肝IL-10以及外周血清蛋白未见明显变化(P＞0.05).维拉帕米可抑制内毒素诱导大鼠肝和外周血中TNF-α和IL-6的高表达(P＜0.01),增加肝组织和外周血中IL-10的表达(P＜0.01),降低血中谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、清蛋白水平(P＜0.01).内毒素可升高外周血和肝组织中TNF-α/IL-10以及血清中IL-6/IL-10(P＜0.01),维拉帕米可降低肝和循环中TNF-α/IL-10、IL-6/IL-10的比值(P＜0.01).结论:维拉帕米可调节致炎因子和抗炎因子的表达,改善内毒素诱导的急性肝损伤,致炎/抗炎因子比值可反应机体炎症反应的程度.     

SDG对去卵巢大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤炎性相关因子影响

目的探讨开环异落叶松树酯酚二葡萄糖苷(SDG)对雌性去卵巢大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及机制。方法选取无特定病原(SPF)级健康SD雌性10周龄大鼠50只,按体重随机分为2组:去卵巢组、对照组,去卵巢组又分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、雌二醇组、SDG组。SDG组以50 mg/kg剂量灌胃,雌二醇组以0.8 mg/kg剂量灌胃,其余组均以等量蒸馏水灌胃。结果与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组大鼠体重[(348.21±7.45)g]增加,子宫指数[(0.69±0.36)mg/g]降低,大鼠血清中炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-6水平[分别为(149.52±17.12)、(174.74±15.72)、(79.53±7.07)ng/L]升高,血清一氧化氮(NO)水平、心肌组织中结构型一氧化氮合酶(c NOS)活力[分别为(15.67±0.68)μmol/L、(0.255±0.069 0)U/mgprot]降低;与缺血再灌注组比较,SDG组大鼠体重[(275.42±3.40)g]下降,子宫指数[(1.53±0.31)mg/g]升高,大鼠血清中炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6[分别为(86.10±2.91)、(127.66±8.86)、(46.63±4.13)ng/L]明显降低,大鼠血清NO水平、心肌组织中c NOS活力[分别为(46.49±1.32)μmol/L、(0.496±0.052)U/mgprot]升高。结论SDG干预对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠具有一定保护作用,其机制可能与降低血清中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,提高血清中NO含量、增加心肌组织中c NOS活力有关。     

非布司他片辅助治疗痛风性关节炎的效果及对血清炎性因子的影响

目的探讨非布司他片辅助治疗痛风性关节炎的效果及对血清炎性因子的影响。方法选择我院2018年1月至2018年10月收治的痛风性关节炎患者120例,随机分为A组和B组各60例。A组给予塞来昔布治疗, B组给予非布司他片联合塞来昔布治疗,比较两组的疗效,用药前后的UA、血清炎性因子水平及不良反应情况。结果 B组的用药总有效率为93.33%,明显高于A组的78.33%(P <0.05)。用药后,两组的IL-1β、 CRP、 ESR、 TNF-α和UA水平均低于用药前,且B组的IL-1β、CRP、 ESR、 TNF-α和UA水平均低于A组(P均<0.05)。两组的不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论非布司他片联合塞来昔布治疗痛风性关节炎的疗效显著,能够有效降低尿酸和炎性因子水平,且用药安全性较高。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.