食品中肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7的PCR检测

目的建立快速准确检测食品中肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7的方法。方法采用多重聚合酶链式反应技术（MPCR）特异性扩增肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7的STX、rfbE、fliC基因。结果分别在228，378，709bp处扩增出3个目的基因片段，且只有肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7获得扩增，其他菌种扩增均呈阴性。结论PCR方法比传统细菌检测方法更特异、快速、灵敏和简便，为食品中肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7的快速检测提供了新的手段。     

不同来源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌分布特征

目的探讨不同标本中产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌（STEC）的分布特征。方法采集动物粪便、肉类食品和排污口污泥样品，常规分离大肠埃希菌，血清学分型，PCR鉴定产志贺样毒素（stx1，stx2）菌株。结果293份标本中鉴定出8株STEC，1株为产志贺毒素O157：H7型，2株为不产志贺毒素O157：H7型，5株为产志贺毒素非O157：H7型。结论STEC存在于不同来源的标本中，菌株表型与毒力因子存在一定差异。     

大肠埃希菌O157:H7的实时荧光PCR检测方法研究

目的建立一种敏感、特异、快速的大肠埃希菌O157:H7的检测方法,应用于突发公共卫生事件及食源性致病菌流行病学调查的检测。方法根据GenBank大肠埃希菌O157:H7rfbE基因序列,设计引物和TaqMan探针,对实时荧光PCR反应条件进行优化,建立实时荧光PCR检测大肠埃希菌O157:H7的反应体系,并对该法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行评价。结果大肠埃希菌O157:H7菌株的检测结果均为阳性,而所有其它菌株检测结果均为阴性;该方法检测的灵敏度可达1×102cfu/ml。模拟污染的猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、生食蔬菜样品,均可检出1×104cfu/ml的细菌。从细菌核酸提取至完成检测约需3 h。结论建立的实时荧光PCR检测方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、快速等优点,可用于大肠埃希菌O157:H7食物中毒的快速诊断和食品微生物检测,为食源性疾病的分子流行病学调查提供新的检测手段。     

从海产品中检出大肠埃希菌O157:H7

目的：调查南京市饮食行业海鲜类食品受大肠埃希菌O157：H7污染的状况。方法：随机采取南京市各大宾馆的海水产品，进行大肠埃希菌O157：H7的检测，进行常规生化和血清学、毒力基因的PCR检测。结果：从一份文蛤样品中成功分离到了1株大肠埃希菌O157：H7。结论：提示我们该菌的宿主范围比较广，须引起高度重视，加强防范，遏止其流行势头。     

2005～2007年中国食品中疑似O157大肠埃希菌的鉴定及毒素基因的检测

目的对中国2005～2007年食源性疾病监测网分离疑似O157大肠埃希菌进行鉴定,了解各种不同类型监测食品中大肠埃希菌O157的分布及毒力基因的携带情况。方法运用API20E生化试剂条进行初步鉴定,使用血清分型和PCR方法确定菌株,并检测毒力基因。结果(1)通过API20E生化初步鉴定共获得154株疑似O157大肠埃希菌。(2)通过血清学方法和特异基因的检测,共确定89株大肠埃希菌O157,其中42株是O157:H7(47%),其余的菌株为O157:NM和O157:hund(未确定型)。(3)毒力基因的检测:42株O157:H7和6株O157:NM携带eaeA+hlyA基因;共29株菌携带stx基因,主要分布在不发酵山梨醇O157:H7菌株中。(4)监测的生羊肉、生牛肉、生猪肉、生鸡肉、蔬菜沙拉等食品中均检出了携带stx基因的O157:H7。结论鉴定结果显示中国部分监测食品中均分离到有一定程度致病力的大肠埃希菌O157。     

2009年贵港市出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7感染性腹泻监测结果分析

目的 动态观察O157大肠埃希菌的分布特征,掌握贵港市O157大肠埃希菌的来源,为制定本市肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7感染性腹泻的防治策略与措施提供依据.方法 通过采集腹泻病人粪便、动物粪便、苍蝇、肉类等标本,采用国标 GB/T4789.36-2008大肠埃希菌O157:H7/NM法检测O157:H7.结果 采集各类标本953份检测O157:H7,检出菌株29份,阳性率为3.04%.结论 该市在动物粪便、苍蝇、肉类中均检出了O157:H7菌,说明目前该市虽未发现人感染O157大肠埃希菌的病例,但发生人间散发流行乃至暴发的条件仍存在,需重视此病的防控.     

大肠埃希菌O157:H7嵌合荧光RAM检测分析

目的建立大肠埃希菌O157：H7的嵌合荧光法（SYBR Green I）实时网状分枝扩增（RAM）检测技术.方法将产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157：H7靶基因递比稀释确定SYBR Green I实时RAM的灵敏度,并进一步检测临床分离的菌株.结果SYBR Green I实时网状分枝扩增技术最低能检测10个产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157：H7,检测信号出现的时间与靶基因的浓度成正比,临床分离3株产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157为阳性,而非致病性大肠埃希菌为阴性.结论SYBR Green I实时RAM是一种快速、灵敏、准确、实时、环保的检测大肠埃希菌O157：H7的新核酸扩增技术.     

浙江省首株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌0157：H7的分子生物学特性研究

目的：了解自浙江省杭州市腹泻婴儿中分离的1株大肠埃希菌O157：H7（HZI-11株）的分子生物学特性。方法：应用ATB1525细菌半动化生化鉴定系统鉴定菌种。应用0157特异性抗血清玻片凝集试验、H7特异性抗血清试管凝集试验、以及PCR检测O抗原特异性rfbE基因和H7特异性fliC基因，进行菌株血清型的鉴定。应用多重Real-time PCR和常规PCR检测stx1、stx2、hly和eae毒力基因。对菌株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型，并与国内代表菌株进行比较。ATB1525药敏检测仪和纸片法检测菌株的抗药性。结果：细菌生化鉴定为大肠埃希菌，山梨醇阴性。血清型为O157：H7。毒力基因stx2、hly和eae均阳性，stx1阴性。PFGE谱带同江苏分离O157：H7菌株几乎完全相同，带型的相似度为97％。结论：该菌株为浙江省首株产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（STEC）O157：H7。与国内近年在江苏等地流行的STEC O157：H7菌株密切相关。STEC O157：H7已开始对浙江地区的人民健康构成了威胁。     

武汉市大肠埃希菌O157:H7监测分析

肠出血性大肠埃希菌(EHEC)O157：H7是一种新型的致病性菌，能引起人类出血性腹泻和溶血性尿毒综合征。为了掌握武汉市肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7在宿主动物、腹泻病人及食品中的带菌和菌株毒力基因情况，本文于2003年进行了肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157：H7宿主动物带菌情况调查。并在腹泻及肾衰患者中进行病原检索和食品监测。现将调查结果报道如下。     

山东省首次检出O157大肠埃希菌志贺毒素Ⅱ变种

目的：了解山东省E．coli O157大肠埃希菌携带Stx2及Stx2vha情况。方法：采用从山东省5个监测点腹泻病人和家禽、家畜等粪便标本中分离的O157大肠埃希菌，用PCR方法检测特异性志贺毒素2及其变种毒素；提取菌株的染色体DNA进行限制性内切酶PstI消化，使用slt2探针进行Southern杂交检测菌株毒素的变化情况。结果：从腹泻病人、家禽家畜等粪便标本分离的O157大肠埃希菌PCR检测STL2(c，d)阳性的9株，用slt2探针杂交方法检测有4株为Stx2vha阳性，其中1株杂交带型不同于其他菌株，是否为新的毒素变种需进一步研究。结论：山东省从腹泻病人和外环境分离的O157大肠埃希菌存在志贺毒素Ⅱ变种。     

Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in beef products by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Rapid methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in food products are important to the food industry and for public health. Conventional microbiological methods and newly developed molecular-based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are time consuming. In this study, a faster method based on utilization of a hybridization probe with real-time PCR, was developed and applied for detection of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes from artificially contaminated raw ground beef and fully cooked beef hotdogs. Target genes for E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were rfbE and hylA, respectively. An analysis of 169 bacterial strains showed that the chosen primers and probes were specific for detection of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes by real-time PCR. The assay was positive for nine of 10. E. coli O157:H7 strains, and all L. monocytogenes (7/7) strains evaluated. Bacterial strains lacking these genes were not detected by these assays. Detection limits of real-time PCR assays ranged from 10(3) to 10(8) colony forming units (CFU)/ml for E. coli O157:H7 in modified tryptic soy broth and 10(4) to 10(8) CFU/mL for L. monocytogenes in Fraser Broth. Detection sensitivity ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) CFU/g of raw ground beef or hotdog without enrichment for E. coli and L. monocytogenes. Approximately 1.4-2.2 CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 in raw ground beef were detected following an enrichment step of 4 h. Approximately 1.2-6.0 CFU/g of L. monocytogenes in beef hotdogs were detected following an enrichment step of 30 h. The real-time PCR assays for detection of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes in raw ground beef and beef hotdogs were specific, sensitive and rapid.     

大肠杆菌O157∶H7双重荧光PCR方法的建立与应用

摘要:目的　建立快速检测食品中大肠杆菌O157︰H7的双重荧光PCR 方法。方法　针对大肠杆菌O157︰H7菌体抗原O和鞭毛抗原H的特异性基因rfbE（O157）和fliC（H7）筛选设计引物和探针,优化反应条件,建立可特异性检测大肠杆菌O157︰H7的双重荧光PCR方法,并对该法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行评价,对模拟样品和实际样品进行初步验证。结果　利用建立的方法对2株大肠杆菌O157︰H7及12株非大肠杆菌O157︰H7进行检测,O157︰H7菌株检测结果均为rfbE和fliC阳性,非O157︰H7菌株检测结果均为阴性,rfbE和fliC基因的特异性均为100%;2基因的检测灵敏度可达1.16×102 CFU/ml;批内、批间变异系数均小于3.5％;模拟样品立即检测,2个基因的最低检出限（2.7×102 CFU/ml）和细菌纯培养时接近;实际样品检测结果与我国检验检疫行业标准（SN/T 0973-2010）的检测结果一致。结论　建立的荧光定量PCR 方法特异性及重复性好,灵敏度高,可快速准确鉴定大肠杆菌O157︰H7菌株。     

食品样品中大肠杆菌O157:H7复合PCR检测方法的研究

根据大肠杆菌O15 7:H7特异性基因fliC ,rfbE ,SLTI与SLTII设计四对引物 ,建立了复合PCR方法 ,扩增产物长度分别为为 5 6 0bp ,6 78bp ,2 10bp与 4 84bp。该方法可以一步检测出O15 7与H7特异性抗原基因 ,并可同时检测该菌产生SLT毒素的类型 ,与 71株试验菌株的基因型完全配合 ,是一种特异、高效的检测方法。该方法适用于牛奶样品中大肠杆菌O15 7:H7的检测 ,经过增菌步骤检测限可达 0 1cfu ml     

Disinfection of radish and alfalfa seeds inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella by a gaseous acetic acid treatment

Abstract The majority of seed sprout-related outbreaks have been associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Therefore, we aimed to find an effective method to inactivate these organisms on seeds before sprouting. Treatment with 8.7% (v/v) acetic acid at 55°C for 2-3?h reduced the population of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella inoculated on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L.) by more than 5.0?log CFU/g, and a longer treatment time completely eliminated the E. coli O157:H7 population. The E. coli O157:H7 populations were reduced to an undetectable level with a gaseous acetic acid treatment for 48?h. After enrichment, no E. coli O157:H7 were found in the alfalfa and radish seeds (25?g). However, these treatments were unable to eliminate Salmonella in both seed types. No significant difference between the germination rates of treated alfalfa seeds and control seeds was found, and germination rates greater than 95% were obtained for the radish seeds. Although chlorine washing is commonly used for seed decontamination, chlorine washing at 200 and 20,000?ppm resulted in a reduction of pathogens by less than or equal to 3?log CFU/g. Therefore, these results suggested that gaseous acetic acid is more effective than chlorine washing in controlling pathogenic bacteria on sprout seeds.     

大肠杆菌O157多克隆抗体及食品中双抗ELISA测定方法的研究

本研究获得了抗肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7的多克隆抗体 ,建立了一种适宜食品样品检测的双抗ELISA检测方法。该方法对纯培养菌液检出限为 10 3 ～ 10 4 cfu ml;只对O157菌株有特异性反应 ,对非O157菌株无交叉反应 ;经过增菌 ,鸡肉与牛奶染菌样品中的大肠杆菌O157的检出限均为 0 1cfu g(cfu ml)。     

Detection by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 in ground beef

Six Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups, which include O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145, are responsible for the majority of non-O157 STEC infections in the United States, representing a growing public health concern. Cattle and other ruminants are reservoirs for these pathogens; thus, food of bovine origin may be a vehicle for infection with non-O157 STEC. Methods for detection of these pathogens in animal reservoirs and in food are needed to determine their prevalence and to develop intervention strategies. This study describes a method for detection of non-O157 STEC in ground beef, consisting of enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth at 42°C, followed by real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting stx(1), stx(2), and genes in the O-antigen gene clusters of the six serogroups, [corrected] and then immunomagnetic separation (IMS) followed by plating onto Rainbow? Agar O157 and PCR assays for confirmation of isolates. All ground beef samples artificially inoculated with 1-2 and 10-20 CFU/25?g of ground beef consistently gave positive results for all of the target genes, including the internal amplification control using the multiplex real-time PCR assays after enrichment in modified tryptic soy broth for a total of 24?h (6?h at 37°C and 18?h at 42°C). The detection limit of the real-time multiplex PCR assays was ～50 CFU per PCR. IMS for O26, O103, O111, and O145 was performed with commercially available magnetic beads, and the IMS beads for O45 and O121 were prepared using polyclonal antiserum against these serogroups. A large percentage of the presumptive colonies of each serogroup picked from Rainbow Agar O157 were confirmed as the respective serogroups; however, the percent recovery of STEC O111 was somewhat lower than that of the other serogroups. This work provides a method for detection and isolation in ground beef and potentially other foods of non-O157 STEC of major public health concern.     

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to spinach harvester blade using bacteriophage

Outbreaks associated with leafy greens have focused attention on the transfer of human pathogens to these commodities during harvest with commercial equipment. Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on new or rusty spinach harvester blades immersed in spinach extract or 10% tryptic soy broth (TSB) was investigated. Bacteriophages specific for E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated to kill cells attached to blade. A cocktail of five nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 isolates was transferred to 25 mL of spinach extract or 10% TSB. A piece of sterilized spinach harvester blade (2×1") was placed in above spinach extract or 10% TSB and incubated at room (22 °C) or dynamic (30 °C day, 20 °C night) temperatures. E. coli O157:H7 populations attached to blade during incubation in spinach extract or 10% TSB were determined. When inoculated at 1 log CFU/mL, E. coli O157:H7 attachment to blades after 24 and 48 h incubation at dynamic temperature (6.09 and 6.37 log CFU/mL) was significantly higher than when incubated at 22 °C (4.84 and 5.68 log CFU/mL), respectively. After 48 h incubation, two blades were sprayed on each side with a cocktail of E. coli O157-specific bacteriophages before scraping the blade, and subsequent plating on Sorbitol MacConkey media-nalidixic acid. Application of bacteriophages reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 4.5 log CFU on blades after 2 h of phage treatment. Our study demonstrates that E. coli O157:H7 can attach to and proliferate on spinach harvester blades under static and dynamic temperature conditions, and bacteriophages are able to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations adhered to blades.     

Evaluation of a multiplex PCR system for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods and in food subjected to freezing

Conventional culture methods were compared to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from enrichment cultures of various types of artificially inoculated and naturally contaminated foods. The multiplex PCR assay was evaluated in 44 types of spiked food samples, including meat, produce, fish, and dairy products targeting genes specific for each pathogen for simultaneous detection. The sensitivity of the assay was 相似文献   

用最低检出限评价大肠埃希菌O157:H7的检测方法及应用研究

目的用最低检出限评价大肠埃希菌O157:H7的三种检测方法,在突发公共卫生事件及食源性致病菌流行病学调查中,将大肠埃希菌O157:H7的检测方法有机组合,提高检测的速度、灵敏度。方法将标准菌株10倍稀释,制备模拟样品,用大肠埃希菌O157:H7的三种方法进行检测,比较不同检测方法的最低检出限。结果标准菌株10倍稀释改良CHROMagar O157显色琼脂平板分离法、免疫磁珠分离法、实时荧光PCR法检测法的最低检出限分别为103、100、102cfu/ml;模拟样品中增菌前改良CHROMagar O157显色琼脂平板分离法、免疫磁珠分离法、实时荧光PCR法检测法的最低检出限分别为105、101、104cfu/ml,增菌培养后改良CHROMagar O157显色琼脂平板分离法、免疫磁珠分离法、实时荧光PCR法检测法的最低检出限分别为102、100、100cfu/ml。结论免疫磁珠分离法在增菌前和增菌培养后的检出限为最低,增菌培养后实时荧光PCR法的检出限也达到了最低,适用于食物中毒及食源性疾病的快速诊断。用改良CHROMagar O157显色琼脂平板分离法进行检测,易造成漏检。将免疫磁珠分离法、实时荧光PCR法有机组合,可以大大提高检测的速度,灵敏度,并且可获得菌株。     

Development and assessment of a rapid method to detect Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 in retail minced beef

A molecular-based detection method was developed to detect Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 in minced (ground) beef samples. This method consists of an initial overnight enrichment in modified tryptone soya broth (mTSB) and novobiocin prior to DNA extraction and subsequent serogrouping using a triplex PCR. This method has a low limit of detection and results are available within 24 hours of receipt of samples. Once optimized, this rapid method was utilized to determine the prevalence of these E. coli serogroups in six hundred minced beef samples all of which were previously examined by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and selective plating for E. coli O26 and O111. Using IMS, two E. coli O26 isolates were detected. No E. coli O111 were recovered. The multiplex PCR technique described here did not detect E. coli O111 nor O157 in any of the samples, however six minced beef samples were positive for E. coli O26 using our method, only two of these were previously detected by IMS and culture. Application of molecular methods are useful to support culture-based approaches thereby further contributing to risk reduction along the food chain.