苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂防制城市小型滋生？…

目的；观察苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂的稳定性及防制蚊幼早效果。方法：生物测定及小型滋生地现场试验。结果：该块剂在水中可持续漂浮１４天，且不出现松散现象。其对致 方的ＬＤ５０为０．４２７８ｍｇ／ｍｌ；现场试验结果显示：Ｄ ３．４ｍ＾２水池中，用５、１０、２０ｇ／ｍ＾２剂量，２４小时时致伴 蚊幼虫下降率分别为９４．５％，９１．８％和１００％，持效分别为１１、１３、１７天。相同剂量２４小时白纹伊蚊幼虫     

苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂防制城市小型滋生地中致倦库蚊和白纹伊蚊幼虫效果评价

目的：观察苏云金杆菌以色列变种漂浮块剂的稳定性及防制蚊幼虫效果。方法：生物测定及小型滋生地现场试验。结果：该块剂在水中可持续漂浮１４天，且不出现松散现象。其对致倦库蚊的ＬＤ５０为０．４２７８ｍｇ／ｍｌ；现场试验结果显示：在３．４ｍ２水池中，用５、１０、２０ｇ／ｍ２剂量，２４小时时致倦库蚊幼虫下降率分别为９４．５％、９１．８％和１００％，持效分别为１１、１３、１７天。相同剂量２４小时白纹伊蚊幼虫死亡率均为１００％，持效分别为６、８、１２天     

国产皮下埋植剂埋植5年后对月经体重影响的观察

为了解国产皮下埋植剂（皮埋剂）对妇女月经、体重的影响，对埋植满５年８２例妇女埋植前与埋植后月经、体重的变化情况进行了观察。结果表明，月经异常以第１年（占５３．６％）、第５年（占４１．５％）最多见，第２年（６．１％）较为稳定；体重变化：术后第１年平均体重与术前相比Ｐ＞０．０５，第５年与术前相比，Ｐ＜０．０１，体重有增加趋势。皮埋剂能改变正常月经规律，但发生率可随安置时间的延长而趋向减少，第５年虽有增加，但以经量减少为主，月经周期仍规则，故受术者均能接受。本文８２例中，主动进行第２次埋植者２６例，占３１．７％，也证明国产皮下埋植剂作为一种新的避孕方法深受群众欢迎。     

西藏阿里地区自然疫源性疾病血清流行病学调查

目的；调查西藏阿里地区人、畜间５种疫源性疾病的感染情况方法：采用间接免疫荧光实验（ＩＦＡ）、间接血凝实验，检查人、畜血清抗体水平。结果：当地人群斑点热、斑疹伤寒、恙虫病、Ｑ热及野兔热的自然感经，抗体检出率分别为５７．５％、３２．７％、９．４％、４９．５％、１．２％；羊血清抗体检出率分别为５２．２％、３３．３％、４２．２％４０．３％、２１．２％。结论：该地区上述５种疾病血清本检出率远高于国内其他区的     

福瑞斯杀菌净化剂性能的实验观察

目的了解以Ｎ烷基Ｎ,Ｎ二甲基Ｎ氯苯铵为主要成分的消毒剂的性能。方法在实验室内进行定量杀菌试验、稳定性试验、金属腐蚀试验。结果以其２．５％药物浓度溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用５ｍｉｎ,５％药物浓度溶液对大肠埃希氏菌作用２ｍｉｎ,１２．５％药物浓度溶液对白色念珠菌作用５ｍｉｎ,杀灭率均达９９．９９％以上,杀菌作用随浓度增加、作用时间延长而增强;有机物对该消毒剂杀菌效果影响明显;对金属腐蚀性较小;属实际无毒类物质;稳定性好。结论该消毒剂属低效消毒剂,可杀灭细菌繁殖体、真菌,杀菌性能稳定、无毒,尤其适用于人在时的空气消毒     

气相色谱法测定发胶中甲醇的含量

原国标方法（ＧＢ７９１７．４－８７）在测定以二甲醚为抛射剂的发胶中甲醇含量时，由于二甲醚峰与甲醇峰重叠而可能造成误检。为了达到二者分离的目的，本方法对色谱条件进行了改进，即色谱柱中填充涂有２５％聚乙二醇１５４０的ＧＤＸ－１０２作为担体进行实验，回收率为９０．４％～１０７．０％，相对标准偏差为１．８％～５．２％。     

反相液相色谱法同时测定食物中维生素K_1和K_2

方法：食物中ＶＫ１、ＶＫ２用己烷提取，以石油醚乙醚（８５１５）为展开剂，于ＧＦ２５４ｎｍ硅胶薄板上纯化，正己烷萃取，离心，８０℃水浴蒸干。用甲醇溶解残留物，经ＯＤＳ－Ｃ１８反相柱，以甲醇为流动相。结果：在１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，选择２５４ｎｍ检测，ＶＫ１、ＶＫ２能很好地分离，ＶＫ１和ＶＫ２两者的回收率分别为８８．３％～９０．８％和８９．８％～９１．５％，变异系数为４．８２％～５．４９％。结论：反相液相色谱法简单、准确、适合于食物中ＶＫ１、ＶＫ２的分析。     

狂犬病疫苗免疫及其记忆持久性的实验研究

本次实验旨在观察皮内接种（ＩＤ）０．１ｍＬ原代地鼠肾细胞培养疫苗（ＰＨＫＣＶ）后，间隔１８０天、３６５天和５４５天，再肌注ＰＨＫＣＶ所诱生的免疫回忆反应的效果，以期确定ＩＤ０．１ｍＬＰＨＫＣＶ免疫记忆持续时间。为狂犬病高危人群提供有效免疫方法，保护狂犬病短潜伏期患者。结果表明：ＩＤ非浓缩ＰＨＫＣＶ０．１ｍＬ后间隔１８０天、３６５天和５４５天再肌注ＰＨＫＣＶ，于首剂肌注后第７天、１４天和３０天的抗体阳性率分别为９６．５５％、１００％、１００％；７６．６７％、１００％、１００％和７５．８６％、１００％、１００％。上述第７天（即肌注２～３剂后）抗体阳性率显著高于常规５剂初免的抗体阳性率４０．７４％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。同时，还观察了浓缩ＰＨＫＣＶ的免疫持久性及３６５天加强免疫１剂后的免疫效果。结果提示：现行浓缩ＰＨＫＣＶ有较好的免疫持久性，ＩＤ０．１ｍＬ非浓缩ＰＨＫＣＶ后可维持免疫记忆达１．５年，且再肌注２～３剂就可产生比常规５剂初免还要好的免疫效果。     

乙酰丙酮－甲醛分光光度法测定空气中氨

用乙酰丙酮－甲醛分光光度法测定空气中氨含量．结果表明该方法选择性好．灵敏度高．线性范围０．２～８０μｇ／２．５ｍｌ．变异系数为１．３～５．６％．回收率为９６．０～１０２．３％．检测限为０．２μｇ／２．５ｍｌ。方法简便、快速、准确．经现场测试可用于空气卫生监测。     

衍生气相色谱法测定墨汁中的苯酚

以甲醇提取汁墨汁中的苯酚,以五氟苯甲酰氯为衍生剂,以衍生气相色谱法测定了墨汁中苯酚含量结果表明,反应完全、迅速、方法的最低检出限为２ｕｇ／Ｌ,标准偏差５．４９ｕｇ／Ｌ,苯酚浓度为４～８０ｕｇ／Ｌ时回收率为８２％～９１％,该方法适用于污水和饱用水中酚类化合物的测定。     

大气PM_(2.5)有机提取物暴露对BEAS-2B细胞因子表达的影响

目的通过观察人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)株释放IL-8I、L-1β、SICAM-1等的变化,探讨PM2.5有机提取物(EOM)对气道上皮细胞的炎性损伤作用;并研究BEAS-2B损伤后释放的炎症因子诱导T淋巴细胞表达CD25,从而可能参与类似于过敏性哮喘的变态反应过程。方法BEAS-2B暴露于3.75、7.5、15μg/mlPM2.5有机提取物,双抗夹心ELISA法检测培养上清液中IL-8I、L-1β、SICAM-1的变化;将BEAS-2B细胞损伤后释放的炎症因子作用于人外周血淋巴细胞,流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞CD25阳性表达率。结果阴性对照组有少量IL-8I、L-1β、SICAM-1表达,且随着时间延长略有增加;与阴性对照组相比,随着PM2.5有机提取物染毒剂量的增加和作用时间的延长,IL-8I、L-1β、SICAM-1的表达也增高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论BEAS-2B细胞暴露于PM2.5有机提取物后,释放与气道炎症反应及气道高变应性相关的IL-8I、L-1β、SICAM-1等炎性因子;BEAS-2B细胞损伤后释放的IL-1β等炎性因子能够促进T淋巴细胞表达CD25分子,从而可能参与类似于过敏性哮喘的变态反应过程。     

Formulation and evaluation of chitosan solid lipid nanoparticles of carbamazepine

ABSTRACT: The present work aims at preparing aqueous suspension of Solid lipid Nanoparticles containing Chitosan (CT) which is a biopolymer that exhibits a number of interesting properties which include controlled drug delivery. Carbamezapine (CBZ) is a lipophilic drug which shows it antiepileptic activity by inactivating sodium channels. The solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) of Chitosan-CBZ were prepared by using solvent injection method using ethanol as organic solvent. The prepared SLN formulations exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, high physical stability. The drug incorporated SLNs have demonstrated that the controlled release patterns of the drug for prolonged period. The prepared SLNs were characterized for surface morphology by SEM analysis, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC and in-vitro diffusion studies. The hydrodynamic mean diameter and zeta potential were 168.7 +/-1.8 nm and 28.9 +/-2.0 mV for SLN-chitosan-CBZ respectively. Therefore chitosan-SLN can be good candidates to encapsulate CBZ and to increase its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of Epilepsy.     

Thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions of spray products containing non-volatile compounds

A versatile and simple mass balance method for the measurement of the release fraction of thoracic and respirable particles of non-volatile compounds of spray products is presented. The release fractions are defined as the ratio between the mass of suspended non-volatile particulate matter in the thoracic and respirable particle size range and the total mass of non-volatile material released with the spray action. For its determination, a spray bolus of short duration and of defined mass is sprayed into a well stirred control chamber. The respirable and thoracic aerosol mass associated with the spray bolus is determined by measuring the time averaged mass concentration inside the control volume and the half time of the exponential concentration decrease to be expected in well stirred systems to correct for mass losses during sampling.

?The method is used for a wide range of spray products and technologies for which the release fractions vary by orders of magnitude. A set of data is presented elucidating the relationship between spray technology and fine particle release. Furthermore, a simple rule of thumb was derived from the data that allows for estimation of the release fractions based on a characteristic diameter of the spray droplets. The usefulness of the mass balance method for substance classification as well as for generating input data for exposure assessment and indoor air quality modeling is discussed.     

Natural deep eutectic solvents as a biocompatible tool for the extraction of blueberry anthocyanins

The extraction of blueberry anthocyanins with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based on choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid was optimized by simplex centroid design to find the best molar ratio for the solvent. Choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid at the molar ratio of 0.5:2:0.5 (NADES 6) was the optimal NADES for extraction. NADES 6 was as efficient as the conventional organic solvent (methanol:water:formic acid) when compared at the same sample:solvent ratio and yielded about 76 % of blueberry anthocyanins compared to an exhaustive extraction with the organic solvent. NADES 6 yielded higher proportion of arabinoside anthocyanins and lower proportion of galactoside anthocyanins than the organic solvent. Thus, NADES can be assumed as a cheaper substitute for organic solvents, yielding biocompatible extracts of blueberry that are selectively enriched in arabinoside anthocyanins.     

佛山市企业工作场所中有机溶剂污染现状及相关职业病危害防治措施

目的了解佛山市企业工作场所中有机溶剂污染现状,为有效地开展有机溶剂职业病危害防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2007—2010年对佛山市直企业进行职业卫生学调查,对企业工作场所中的有机溶剂作业岗位设点监测空气中有毒物质浓度,并对工人使用的有机溶剂物料采样作成分分析。结果 佛山市企业工作场所中的有机溶剂种类较多,主要是苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、正己烷、总烃、乙醇、丙酮、丁酮、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯等,以苯系物最常见。工作场所空气中有毒物质监测结果显示甲苯监测点合格率最低,为97.7%;毒物超标最严重者为苯,最高超标倍数达52.6。有机溶剂物料成分分析结果表明,企业使用的有机溶剂物料大部分含有对人体有害的高毒物质如苯和正己烷等。结论使用有机溶剂的佛山市企业行业分布广,所用有机溶剂中存在的有毒物质涉及种类多,以含苯系物的有机溶剂最为常用;应重点加强使用有机溶剂行业及接触有机溶剂作业岗位的职业病危害防治工作。     

Toxicokinetics of toluene in occupationally exposed volunteers

The influence on the kinetics of toluene from long-term occupational exposure, cigarette smoking, and ethanol consumption was studied in 26 male spray painters. A group of spray painters with reported subjective symptoms such as concentration deficits, fatigue, and dizziness due to the solvent exposure did not differ in the uptake and disposition of toluene from a group of spray painters with no symptoms. In occupationally exposed workers, a tendency for an enhanced clearance of toluene from the blood was observed in relation to personal habits such as smoking and/or moderate chronic ethanol intake. Long-term occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents does not exert any effect on the metabolic rate of toluene as compared with that of an unexposed group.     

Neurotoxicity of solvent mixtures in spray painters

A multidisciplinary cross-sectional study was performed to examine the chronic neurotoxicity of organic solvents. Participating in the study were 105 persons employed as spray painters and having long-term solvent exposure (10-44 years) and a control group consisting of 58 construction workers, electricians, and plumbers without occupational contact to solvents. Samples were matched for age, preexposure intelligence level, occupation, and socioeconomic status. After controlling for potentially non occupational confounding factors (neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic disorders, high blood pressure, alcohol intake) 83 spray painters and 42 controls were entered finally into the study. The evaluation included work history, self-rating questionnaire, neurologic investigation, psychiatric analysis using the Present State Examination (PSE), psychological testing, and computerized axial tomography (CAT) of the brain. Physical and neurologic examinations demonstrated no case of overt disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system. An important result of the psychiatric analysis was that the syndromes "special features of depression" and "loss of interest and concentration" occurred significantly more frequently among spray painters than among controls. Further analyses demonstrated an association with chronic exposure over 30 years and repeated acute neurotoxic effects during solvent exposures. Neither psychological nor performance tests demonstrated any statistically significant differences in the performance sets after adjustment according to premorbid intelligence level; this finding supports the presumption of only a low grade of mental dysfunction. Correlation analyses indicated a relationship between subjective health complaints and long-term solvent exposure; however, the effect of age cannot be completely ruled out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

柱前衍生-液液微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定尿碘

目的:建立尿中碘化物的液-液萃取毛细管气相色谱测定方法。方法:尿碘经衍生成易气化衍生物,通过有机溶剂萃取、离心,直接吸取有机层进样,经气相色谱分离,电子捕获检测器定量检测。结果:该法分离效果好,检出限为0.05μg/L,加标回收率为95.2%～98.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%～2.5%。结论:该方法简单,灵敏度高,可用于尿样中碘的测定。     

Control of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) blood feeding on sheep with long-lasting repellent pesticides

Culicoides sonorensis is the primary vector of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in North America. Bluetongue disease is one of the most economically important arthropod-borne diseases of sheep in North America, because it causes significant morbidity and mortality and can lead to local quarantines and international trade restrictions. Long-lasting repellent pesticides could be applied to sheep as they are moved down from mountain pastures to protect them from biting midges until the 1st frost. We tested long-lasting pesticides on sheep as repellents against C. sonorensis. Both Python ear tags with 10% zeta-cypermethrin (9.8 g/tag) synergized with 20% piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and a 12-ml low-volume spray application of ready-to-use sheep insecticide (Y-TEX) with 2.5% permethrin and 2.5% PBO in an oil-based formulation were repellent to C. sonorensis for at least 3-5 wk after a single application.     

A field evaluation of the impact of transfer efficiency on worker exposure during spray painting

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict breathing-zone overspray concentrations produced during spray painting as a function of the overspray generation rate, ventilation and work practices. The overspray generation rate required an estimate of the spray gun transfer efficiency, which was provided by a previously developed mathematical model. These models were evaluated in the field under two different scenarios: first in a controlled environment that approximated the assumptions of models, and then under actual spray painting conditions. Results from the first test showed the model overestimated transfer efficiency, but the measured exposures and predicted exposures were not significantly different. During actual spray painting operations, all task exposures were within a factor of three of the model predictions, and there was no statistical difference between the measured and predicted values. The predicted average exposure of each worker was within the 95% confidence interval. The overall mean exposure was within one standard error of the model prediction. The current study expands on the original exposure model by including a transfer efficiency model to provide a better estimate of the overspray generation rate. The theoretical foundation between exposure and its primary determinants is established, and this knowledge can be applied to design and can evaluate optimal control interventions. Also, the general methodology presented here for developing an exposure model is applicable to operations other than spray painting.