吸烟,饮酒及高血压与脑卒中关系的病例对照研究

采用以医院为基础的配比病例对照研究方法，探讨了吸烟，饮酒及高血压与脑卒中的关系。结果表明，吸烟，饮酒及高血压与脑卒中联系的ＯＲ（９５％ＣＩ）分别为２．００（１．２８￣３．１２），２．１０（１．２６￣３．５０）和１１．８８（６．７５￣２０．９２）；吸烟或饮酒与高血压在脑卒中发病过程中呈协同作用，脑卒中归因于吸烟、饮酒及高血压的人群归因危险度百分比（９５％ＣＩ）分别为２６．９２％（１１．７３％￣４２．     

吸烟,饮酒与脑卒中死亡的前瞻性定群研究

对邹城市２９个村２０岁以上男女村民１５７０９人的吸烟、饮酒状况进行调查，并随访１２．５年。结果脑卒中死亡随每日饮酒量升高而上升，但差别无显著意义（趋势χ２＝２．０３４，Ｐ＝０．１５３８）。吸烟合并饮酒的ＲＲ为１．４３，差别有显著意义（χ２＝６．６５，Ｐ＝０．０１）。     

赣州市中老年人吸烟、饮酒与糖尿病的关系研究

目的:探讨赣州市中老年人吸烟、饮酒行为与2型糖尿病的关系,为糖尿病防控提供理论依据.方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取赣州市多社区1310位中老年人为调查对象,进行问卷调查、空腹血糖测定,采用t检验及x2:检验进行统计分析.结果:吸烟指数的升高加大了2型糖尿病的患病风险,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.860,P=0.012);每周酒精量的升高,2型糖尿病患病率呈现先减少后增加的趋势,差异有统计学意义(x2 =6.515,P=0.038);在35 ～50年龄段,吸烟和饮酒都是2型糖尿病的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.363,P=0.015;x2=10.681,P=0.005);在51 ～64年龄组,吸烟、饮酒与2型糖尿病患病率的差异均无统计学意义.结论:过量吸烟和饮酒,加大了2型糖尿病的发病风险,但在高年龄组,吸烟、饮酒可能不是2型糖尿病的主要危险因素.     

吸烟,饮酒与缺血性脑卒中关系

采用配比病例对照研究方法,从医院选取158名缺血性脑卒中病例,并从社区和研究医院为病例选配两种对照,病例与两种对照分别作配比分析,以探讨吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中的关系。单因素分析结果表明:吸烟者患缺血性脑卒中的 OR 约为1.5～2(P<0.05),饮酒者患缺血性脑卒中的OR 约为3(P<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示大量吸烟(>20支/天)是缺血性脑卒中重要的危险因素;饮酒(尤其中、重度饮酒:>50ml/天)是一项独立的危险因素。     

饮酒、吸烟与肝癌关系的调查

原发性肝癌是世界上严重危害人民健康的 10种恶性肿瘤之一 ,近年来其发病率呈上升趋势。全世界每年约有 2 6万例新发病例 ,其中 42 5 %发生在中国。据全国死亡回顾调查揭示[1 ] ,我国肝癌患者男性平均标化死亡率为 14 5 2 /10万 ,占恶性肿瘤第 3位 ;女性为 5 6 1/ 10万 ,占恶性肿瘤第 4位。而肝癌的病因非常复杂 ,它可能是多阶段、多因素协同作用的结果。本文通过对 115例原发性肝癌病人和2 30例正常人的病例对照研究 ,重点探讨吸烟、饮酒因素与肝癌的关系。对象与方法1　对象　病例为某县各医院的肝癌病人。所有病例均经手术或病理诊断证…     

高中学生吸烟、饮酒及吸烟饮酒并存行为与情绪失调关系的研究

本研究基于以下两点建立假设 ,其一 ,已有众多研究显示 ,人体暴露于环境中的铅、汞、镁等化学物质时呈现较高的负性情绪得分 ,香烟和酒中含有众多对健康有害的成分 ,进入人体后也会产生同样效应 ;其二 ,从行为学方面而言 ,青少年吸烟、饮酒往往不被社会所认可 ,由此会产生心理压力 ,导致负性情绪出现和增加 ,同时依据精神调节理论 ,负性情绪可诱导和促使人们吸烟和饮酒。由此可见 ,吸烟、饮酒及吸烟饮酒并存行为 (简称并存行为 )与情绪失调必然存在着密切的关系。然而 ,这方面的研究却极少。Ｓｃｈｏｅｎｂｏｒｎ等[1] 分析了Ｗｈｉｓ Ｈｐ…     

国内吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中关系的Meta分析

目的探讨吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中的关系.方法应用Meta分析方法对检索到的国内10个吸烟、饮酒与缺血性脑卒中关系的研究结果进行定量综合分析,一致性检验后,应用随机效应模型(D-L法)计算,合并比值比(OR)及其95%的可信区间(95% CI).结果吸烟、饮酒的合并OR(95% CI)分别为2.01(1.41～2.85)和2.36(1.87～2.98).吸烟、饮酒高危人群缺血性脑卒中的病因分值为50.25%和57.63%,一般人群归因危险百分比为26.66%和34.83%.结论吸烟、饮酒是我国缺血性脑卒中的重要危险因素,开展人群戒烟限酒干预是缺血性脑卒中病因预防的一项重要措施.     

吸烟、饮酒与舌癌危险度关系的对照研究

舌癌系口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤中患病率较高的一种。所有口腔粘膜及腺体的肿瘤,皆可在舌发生,一般恶性程度较高,生长快,浸润性较强。舌癌占口腔癌瘤的第二位,好发于舌中段边缘,其次为舌根、舌下、舌背和舌尖。最近一些国外资料表明,世界许多地方的年轻人中舌癌发病率不断上升,另外由于术后还会产生功能性损伤,如发音不清,咀嚼困难等,对舌     

社区居民吸烟、饮酒与糖尿病关系的研究

目的探索社区居民吸烟、饮酒与糖尿病的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法对黑龙江省南岗区和兰西县平山镇35岁以上6195人进行调查。单因素分析采用χ2检验和趋势χ2检验,多因素分析时采用logistic回归调整混杂因素。结果按定性分析,吸烟、饮酒均是糖尿病的危险因素;随着吸烟指数和饮酒量的增加,糖尿病的患病率均出现先减少后增加的趋势,差异有统计学意义;调整性别、年龄、体重指数、就业、文化程度等因素后,年龄、BMI、文化程度和吸烟指数85~184组、185~329组、330及以上组是糖尿病的独立危险因素。结论少量吸烟和饮酒,不增加糖尿病的患病危险,吸烟指数85及以上是糖尿病的独立危险因素,日饮酒精量30g及以上是糖尿病的非独立危险因素。     

吸烟、饮酒和吸烟饮酒协同作用对脑血流动力学的影响

目的比较吸烟、饮酒和吸烟饮酒协同作用对脑血流动力学的影响。方法采用经颅多普勒检测技术对吸烟组(每天吸烟量﹥10支),饮酒组(经常饮白酒或有色酒每天﹥100g或啤酒每天﹥1L),吸烟、饮酒混合组(达到以上两种标准)的3组473例病人的脑血流动力学进行观察和比较,并对吸烟、饮酒和吸烟饮酒混合组在3个年龄组(青年组、中年组、老年组)的脑血流动力学的改变进行比较。结果脑血管狭窄或闭塞以吸烟饮酒混合组最明显共61例、吸烟组次之34例、饮酒组相对较低共17例(χ2=26.38,P﹤0.05)。引起血流减慢原因也是吸烟饮酒混合组最突出(χ2=9.34,P﹤0.05),而单吸烟组和单饮酒组之间无明显差异。在青年组和中年组中导致血流减慢的主要因素是烟酒混合组(χ2=9.6,P﹤0.01,χ2=8.7,P﹤0.05);老年组中导致血流减慢吸烟、饮酒和混合组三者之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.77,P﹥0.05)。在青年组中导致血管狭窄或闭塞吸烟、饮酒和混合组三者之间无明显差异(χ2=4.27,P﹥0.05),但在中、老年组中导致血管狭窄或闭塞以吸烟饮酒混合组明显(χ2=12.30,P﹤0.05、χ2=8.76,P﹤0.05),吸烟和饮酒组之间无明显差异。结论吸烟比饮酒更易导致脑血管狭窄或闭塞,而吸烟饮酒对脑血管狭窄或闭塞的形成有协同作用,并促使脑血流减慢随着年龄的增加向脑血管狭窄或闭塞转化。     

某医科大学生吸烟、饮酒现状及影响因素分析

目的了解医科大学生吸烟、饮酒现状及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取某医科院校在校大学生577人进行问卷调查。结果大学生吸烟率为8.0%,吸烟行为的主要影响因素为性别(OR=16.966)、饮酒状况(OR=2.793);饮酒率为42.1%,饮酒行为的主要影响因素为性别(OR=4.443)、吸烟状况(OR=2.793)。结论医学生吸烟率低于中国人群平均水平,饮酒行为普遍,应采取相应措施,促使大学生建立健康的生活方式。     

Bladder cancer, tobacco smoking, coffee and alcohol drinking in Brescia, northern Italy

The association between tobacco smoking, the consumption of coffee and alcohol and bladder cancer was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study in Brescia, northern Italy. A total of 172 incident cases (135 men and 37 women) and 578 controls (398 men and 180 women) were enrolled. As expected, cigarette smoking was strongly associated with bladder cancer. The odds ratios (OR) for coffee drinking adjusted for age, education, residence and cigarette smoking in current drinkers were 2.6 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1–6.1) in men and 5.2 (95% CI: 1.0–30.4) in women. A dose-response relationship was found in men, with the highest risk in the highest category of exposure: drinkers of more than 5 cups per day had an OR of 4.5 (95% CI: 1.2–16.8). The ORs for current alcohol drinkers were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.0–4.8) in men and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.2–9.7) in women; according to grams of ethanol drunk per day (grams/day, g/d) the ORs were: 1.7 (1–20 g/d), 1.6 (21–40 g/d), 4.3 (41–60 g/d) and 4.6 (61+ g/d) in men and 3.1 (1–20 g/d) and 3.9 (21+ g/d) in women. These results suggest that regular consumption of both coffee and alcohol can be independently associated with an increased bladder cancer risk.     

Tea drinking, passive smoking, smoking deception and serum cotinine in the Scottish heart health study

Following a recent claim that the use of cotinine in body fluids, to assess passive smoking and smoking “deception”, was confounded by metabolic individuality, and by non-tobacco sources of dietary nicotine, particularly tea, data were examined from a large cross-sectional survey in a tea-drinking population. In 3383 men and women aged 44–59 years from the Scottish Heart Health Study, defined as non-smokers, both by self-report and by low thiocyanate and expired air carbon monoxide levels, serum cotinine showed minimal association with self-reported daily average tea consumption. However, there was a strong correlation between degree of self-reported passive tobacco smoke exposure and median serum cotinine level. In the same survey, serum cotinine in 4144 self-reported non-smokers and in 3326 smokers showed entirely different distributions, but the same range, suggesting heavy nicotine intake in some “non-smokers”. These analyses confirm that cotinine levels in true non-smokers reflect far more the nicotine in inhaled ambient tobacco smoke than they do nicotine in tea. Some smoking “deceivers” have the same degree of exposure to nicotine as heavy smokers. Despite individual variability, the claim of confounding is poorly supported, and cotinine is confirmed as an indicator both of passive smoking and of smoking deception.     

前列腺癌与生活行为方式病例对照研究

目的探讨前列腺癌与生活行为方式的病因学关系。方法选择在中山大学4所附属医院诊断的前列腺癌患者62例，选择良性前列腺增生、其他疾病患者各62例为对照（1：2配对），匹配条件为年龄组（±5岁）、性别、民族和居住地类型相同。调查以面谈为主，辅以病历记录，采用条件Logistic回归法分析数据。结果以前列腺增生为对照。吸烟量每天20支及以上者患前列腺癌的危险是不吸烟者的2．19（0．87～5．52）倍；年吸烟量达800支以上者患前列腺癌的危险是不吸烟者的2．08（0．81～12．679）倍。以其他病例为对照，日饮酒量超过100g（乙醇）者患前列腺癌的危险是不饮酒者的2．17（0．7～6．63）倍；饮酒年限达40年及以上者患前列腺癌的危险是不饮酒者的3．35（O．89～5．30）倍。体育锻炼频率每周少于5次增加前列腺癌的患病危险，OR〈3次／周=6．68（0．46-97．58），OR3-5次／周=8．48（1．37～52．61）。未发现饮茶与前列腺癌有统计学关联。结论吸烟是前列腺癌的危险因素，饮酒年限长者和缺乏锻炼者易患前列腺癌．     

Reliability of data on smoking habit and coffee drinking collected by personal interview in a hospital-based case-control study

A study on the reliability of information on smoking habits and coffee drinking collected via interview was conducted among 500 subjects enrolled in a case–control study on bladder cancer in Brescia, North Italy. A total of 215 cases (incident and prevalent) and 285 controls were interviewed personally in the hospital setting by a first interviewer, and then re-interviewed by telephone by either the same interviewer or another one. Agreement between the first and second interview was evaluated using the kappa statistic and the intra-class correlation coefficient and via multiple logistic regression modelling. No important differences in reliability were found according to sex, education or case/control status, while agreement was better among subjects below 65 than among older ones, and among incident than prevalent cases. A slightly better agreement was found among subjects interviewed twice by the same interviewer than those interviewed by two different individuals, which may reflect the presence of inter-observer reliability for the latter. Overall, these results show a very high reliability of data on smoking and a fairly high reliability regarding coffee drinking as collected through face-to-face interviews.     

浙江省桐庐县青少年学生吸烟饮酒行为调查

目的了解浙江省桐庐县青少年学生吸烟饮酒行为现状。方法采用中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷对桐庐县5所全目制学校(含初中、高中和职业高中)1 092名在校学生进行匿名调查。结果尝试过吸烟、近期内吸烟、经常吸烟、13岁前就吸过1整支烟、每天吸烟的学生分别有332,64,15,94,25人,发生率分别为30.4%,5.9%,1.4%,8.6%,2.3%;曾经饮过酒、近期饮过酒、13岁前饮酒、重度饮酒、喝醉过的学生分别有676,275,309,78,115人,发生率分别为61.9%,25.2%,28.3%,7.1%,10.5%;在各项吸烟饮酒行为发生率中,除醉酒外,男生均高于女生;随着年龄的增长或年级的升高,青少年吸烟饮酒行为发生率呈上升趋势。结论桐庐县妻少年学生吸烟饮酒现象较普遍,应积极采取有效的干预措施,以减少吸烟饮酒对青少年身心健康的危害。     

厦门市不同吸烟类型与其他危险因素致肝癌效应修饰作用

目的 评价不同类型吸烟暴露的单独效应,并分析吸烟在肝癌发病中的效应修饰作用.方法 采用病例对照研究方法,对345例肝癌病例和961例健康对照进行危险因素调查,采集血液标本进行HBsAg、抗-HCV和黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)白蛋白加合物等含量的检测,针对潜在的危险因素应用多元logistic回归分析评价调整的危险比(AOR)和95%CI.结果 女性被动吸烟暴露与肝癌有关联(AOR=2.35,95%CI:1.19～4.07);男性规律的吸烟与肝癌有关联(AOR=2.27,95%CI:1.14～3.31).在男性,吸烟与慢性乙肝病毒感染有正相关交互作用,交互效应超额相对危险比(RERI)为98.70,归因交互效应百分比(AP)为81.0%(u=2.11,P=0.02);在女性,吸烟与血清AFB1白蛋白加合物浓度有正相关交互作用,交互效应RERI为2.69,归因交互效应AP为50.0%(u=2.60,P=0.01).结论 吸烟与肝癌的关联性有性别差异,尤其是在慢性病毒感染和具有较高浓度的AFB1白蛋白加合物浓度的人群中应控制吸烟.     

Parental smoking and other risk factors for wheezing bronchitis in children

A population-based case-control study was performed to investigate etiologic factors for wheezing bronchitis and asthma in children up to four years of age. A total of 199 children hospitalized for the first time with these diagnoses at a major hospital in Stockholm in 1986–1988 constituted the cases, 351 children from the catchment area of the hospital were used as controls. Information on known and suspected risk factors was obtained through home interviews with a parent. Parental smoking was associated with a relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3 – 2.6) corresponding to a population attributable proportion of 27%. The strongest association was seen for maternal smoking and children below 18 months of age. Other major risk factors included atopic heredity, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and breast-feeding less than 3 months, which appeared to interact multiplicatively with parental smoking. The environmental factors had a stronger influence in the youngest age group, and the overall attributable proportion associated with parental smoking, short breast-feeding period and exposure to pets in the household was 43%. It is clear that successful primary prevention could dramatically reduce the incidence of wheezing bronchitis in children.     

福建省大中学生吸烟、饮酒与易成瘾药物使用现况分析

【目的】了解福建省大、中学生吸烟、饮酒和易成瘾药物滥用的流行状况,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供依据。【方法】采用自填匿名问卷集体调查方法,对福建省32所中学、中等职业学校和大学的10 235名学生进行调查。【结果】本次调查有22.2%的学生尝试过吸烟,9.7%学生现在吸烟,2.0%的学生经常吸烟,0.6%的学生严重吸烟,12.7%的学生13岁以前开始吸烟;68.8%的学生尝试过饮酒,24.9%的学生现在饮酒,10.9%重度饮酒,有13.8%的学生一年内至少喝醉过1次,21.5%的学生13岁以前开始饮酒;0.8%的学生尝试过吸毒,7.4%的学生未在医生指导下使用镇静催眠类药物。男生、中等职业学校、大学学生以及学习成绩差的学生吸烟、饮酒行为发生率较高。【结论】大中学生中发生吸烟、饮酒和易成瘾药物滥用的情况不容忽视,针对这些危险行为发生的不同特点,开展健康教育工作是必要的。     

广东省中学生吸烟饮酒与校园暴力关系

目的 了解广东省中学生吸烟、饮酒以及校园暴力情况,探讨吸烟、饮酒与校园暴力的关系。方法 采用三阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取广东省6座城市72所中学的20 718名中学生,使用青少年健康状况问卷进行匿名调查。结果 广东省中学生当前吸烟率为4.5%,当前饮酒率为20.5%,并存行为率为3.0%;暴力行为检出率为12.9%;暴力与当前吸烟（OR=2.320,95%CI=1.758~3.060）、当前饮酒（OR=1.919,95%CI=1.734~2.123）均有关联,吸烟、饮酒行为对中学生暴力行为的影响交互作用效应明显（P<0.05）。结论 广东省中学生中存在一定的吸烟、饮酒行为,且校园暴力与之相关。