The Mini-MAC

Development of self-report measures of coping remains important to thc process of monitoring the mental state of patients suffering from cancer. The present study extended and refined the scope of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale, a self-report measure designed to give a rapid assessment of coping style. A heterogeneous group of 573 cancer patients completed a questionnaire containing the MAC scale and an additional 26-item research scale. A rigorous factor analysis procedure was used to determine the items that would be retained for a new scale: the Mini-MAC. The scope of the original MAC scale was widened to include items relating to avoidance (an important psychological response), and the original response items were clarified and refined. The Mini-MAC should be a useful tool for obtaining a rapid, reliable, and economical assessment of coping style.     

The antiblastogram

The antiblastogram allows the specific determination within a few days of the effect of single and combined chemotherapeutic agents upon the cells of a given tumor, informing about their action, summation, antagonism and synergism. It permits to evaluate the activity of both hydrosoluble and liposoluble products, giving information about the possible activation or inactivation of chemotherapeutic agents by different substances and subcellular fractions.     

Fractures of The Temporal Bone Involving The Ear

Thirty-nine cases of temporal bone fractures involving the ear, shown by radiology, have been described. A separate group of isolated tympanic fractures is considered in addition to the standard classification of transverse and longitudinal fractures. The high proportion of transverse fractures (41%) in this series is thought to represent a more accurate documentation of such fractures. Clinical diagnosis alone will underestimate the proportion of transverse fractures. The presence of associated calvarial fractures is noted and the mechanism of petrous and tympanic fractures is considered. A rationalised approach to the investigation of petrous fractures is described.     

癌瘤转移规律的探讨

在 4 0 0例恶性肿瘤尸解中 ,32 1例 (80 3% )癌 ,79例肉瘤 ,其中 6 5例淋巴瘤 ,14例 (3 5 % )为软组织及骨肿瘤 ,肿瘤转移到肝及肺最常见。有 16 3例转移到肺及肝 ,各占 4 0 5 %。肝的转移瘤依次主要来自乳腺、大肠、卵巢、胃及非何杰金淋巴瘤 (NHL)。肺的转移瘤主要来自乳腺、肝、NHL ,胃及卵巢。淋巴结转移主要累及颈部、纵隔及主动脉周围淋巴结。广泛转移的肿瘤是肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌和淋巴瘤。尸检材料显示 ,宫颈癌、膀胱癌、咽癌及睾丸肿瘤主要是局部侵犯 ,转移并不广泛。本研究显示 ,恶性肿瘤的扩散与转移基本有下列方式 :直接侵袭 :很多肿瘤可能直接累及周围组织。例如胃肠癌 ,癌细胞沿着肌组织间隙进入临近器官。淋巴管扩散 :任何器官或组织的肿瘤细胞可能进入淋巴管而转移到局部或远处淋巴结 ,它是癌的主要转移方式。血道转移 :远处转移在尸检材料中很常见 ,最常累及的器官是肝和肺 ,特别是软组织肉瘤 ,但晚期癌也很常见血道转移。种植性转移 :这也是很常见的转移方式 ,特别是胃癌、大肠癌、卵巢癌等。本研究也显示与癌瘤手术标本对比研究、肿瘤转移与临床分期、肿瘤部位、组织学类型及分化程度等有密切关系     

The facelift

Facelift (rhytidectomy) is an advanced form of cutaneous surgery and therefore a part of dermatologic plastic surgery. The technique has been refined, so that almost uniformly good results can be achieved with few complications, and most of these procedures can be done on an outpatient basis using local anesthesia with sedation. For the advanced dermatologic surgeon, the technique is not difficult to master, and his/her high level of knowledge in the conditions, wound healing, and surgeries of the superficial facial tissues makes this procedure all the more apropos.